VISITING  NURSING 
IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  (  \LIF0RNIA  LIBRARY 


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LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

University  of  California. 


Class 


VISITING  NURSING 

IN    THE    UNITED    STATES 


Containing  a  Directory  of  the  Organizations  Employing 

Trained  Visiting  Nurses,  with  Chapters  on  the 

Principles,  Organization  and  Methods 

of  Administration  of  such  Work 


By 

YSSABELLA  WATERS 

Henry  Street  (Nurses')  Settlement,  New  York  City 


f^  Of 

f  UNIVERSIT" 


NEW   YORK 
CHARITIES     PUBLICATION 
COMMITTEE      .      .      .      MCMIX 


LIB^ms  mm 


Copyright,  1909,  by 

YSSABELLA  WATERS 


PRESS   OF   WM.    F.    FELL   CO. 
PHILADELPHIA 


To  LILLIAN  D.  WALD, 
Founder  of  the  Nurses' 
Settlement,  New  York  City, 
Whose  Work  has  been  an  In- 
spiration to  so  many  Nurses 


215285 


PREFACE 

This  Directory  is  issued  for  the  purpose  of  showing  what  is  being 
done  in  this  country  through  the  services  of  the  trained  nurse  in  what 
has  for  many  years  been  known  as  "  District  Nursing,"  and  in  the  more 
recent  extension  of  her  activities  in  tuberculosis,  school  (medical  in- 
spection), social  welfare,  and  other  more  general  social  work.  It  is 
hoped  also  that  the  book  may  be  an  assistance  to  those  who  are  planning 
to  establish  new  societies  for  service  along  similar  lines. 

Every  effort  has  been  made  to  gather  information  regarding  the 
various  organizations  throughout  the  United  States  that  employ  visit- 
ing nurses,  and  the  statements  contained  in  these  pages  are  based  upon 
facts  gathered  from  annual  reports,  letters,  and  replies  to  a  set  of  uniform 
questions  which  were  sent  to  each  organization.  Probably  some  have 
not  been  reported,  and  others  may  have  been  created  since  this  Directory 
was  placed  in  the  printer's  hands.  Revision  in  the  near  future  will 
undoubtedly  be  necessary,  and  any  omissions  can  then  be  inserted  and 
mistakes  corrected.  Associations  employing  trained  visiting  nurses 
are  therefore  earnestly  requested  to  report  all  errors  or  omissions,  and 
to  send  to  the  writer  their  annual  reports.  By  this  means  accurate 
information  containing  the  latest  developments  of  the  movement  may 
be  included  in  the  second  edition. 

For  obvious  reasons,  societies  having  nurses  who  are  neither  grad- 
uates of  training  schools  nor  pupil  nurses  are  not  included  in  this  record, 
however  admirable  their  service  may  be. 

Sincere  thanks  are  extended  to  all  whose  cordial  co-operation  in 
furnishing  information  has  made  this  book  possible. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

PART  I 

History,  Principles,  Organization  and  Administration 

I.  Brief  History  of  Visiting  Nursing 13 

II.  Principles. . : 15 

III.  Methods  of  Organization  and  Administration 21 

Articles  of  Association  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of 

Detroit,  Michigan 23 

By-laws  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Chicago 25 

Rules  for  Nurses  of  the  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Associa- 
tion of  Baltimore,  Md 27 

Organization  and  Administration  of  the  Nurses'  Department 

of  the  Henry  Street  Settlement 29 


PART  II 

Directory  and  Statistical  Tables 

Directory 41-312 

Alabama 41 

California 41 

Colorado 52 

Connecticut 54 

Delaware 64 

District  of  Columbia 65 

Georgia 67 

Illinois 70 

Indiana 79 

Iowa 82 

Kansas 84 

Kentucky 84 

Louisiana 86 

Maine 86 

Maryland 90 

Massachusetts 97 

Michigan 138 

Minnesota ■ 147 

9 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 

Missouri 149 

Nebraska 152 

New  Hampshire 153 

New  Jersey 159 

New  York 174 

North  Carolina 236 

Ohio 238 

Oklahoma 250 

Oregon 250 

Pennsylvania 251 

Rhode  Island 285 

South  Carolina 293 

Tennessee 296 

Texas 297 

Utah 298 

Vermont 299 

Virginia 3°2 

Washington 308 

West  Virginia 3TO 

Wisconsin 310 

Statistical  Tables 313 

Table     I.  List  of  Organizations,  arranged  alphabetically  by 

states  and  cities  or  towns 315 

Table  II.  Showing  the  growth  of  the  visiting  nursing  move- 
ment in  the  United  States,  by  years 365 

Table  III.  Showing  the  number  of  associations  and  number 

of  visiting  nurses  in  each  state 365 

Table  IV.  Municipalities  employing  visiting  nurses  for  tuber- 
culosis patients 366 

Table    V.  Municipalities  employing  public  school  nurses 367 


10 


PART  I 

HISTORY,    PRINCIPLES,    ORGANIZATION, 
AND  METHODS  OF  ADMINISTRATION 


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I 

BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  VISITING  NURSING 


The  50th  anniversary  of  the  establishment  of  Visiting  Nursing  was 
celebrated  in  May,  1909,  in  Liverpool,  England,  where  the  movement 
originated. 

Mr.  William  Rathbone  put  into  practical  operation  in  1859  the  idea 
of  utilizing  the  services  of  the  trained  visiting  nurse  in  the  homes  of  the 
sick  poor.  Florence  Nightingale  had  demonstrated  to  the  world  the  im- 
portance of  educating  and  organizing  women  for  that  large  work  pecu- 
liarly adapted  to  them — nursing  the  sick,  and  training  the  community 
in  the  essentials  of  hygiene,  that  sickness  may  be  prevented.  Until 
Mr.  Rathbone  started  his  memorable  work  in  Liverpool,  Miss  Nightin- 
gale's efforts  had  been  directed  to  war,  hospital,  and  institutional  nurs- 
ing. The  utilization  in  the  homes  of  the  people  of  nurses  who  at  the 
same  time  became  teachers  and  sought  to  remove  the  causes  underlying 
much  of  the  trouble,  was  astute  and  logical  from  the  philanthropist's 
point  of  view,  as  well  as  from  that  of  the  generally  good  citizen.  The 
adoption  of  district  nursing  in  England  was  general  from  the  beginning 
of  the  movement.  Naturally,  many  experiments  were  made,  some 
entirely  futile,  others  important  in  establishing  a  system  of  home  nurs- 
ing from  which  the  present  highly  organized  institutions  have  developed. 
Queen  Victoria's  Jubilee  Institute  for  Nurses  stands  foremost  in  im- 
portance in  the  work  in  Europe. 

In  America  the  movement  did  not  take  root  until  1877,  when  the 
Women's  Branch  of  the  New  York  City  Mission  sent  the  first  trained 
nurses  into  the  homes  of  the  poor. 

Two  years  later,  the  Society  for  Ethical  Culture  (New  York  City) 
placed  a  nurse  for  similar  work  in  one  of  the  city  dispensaries.  For  a 
number  of  years  extension  of  the  movement  was  exceedingly  slow.     In 

13 


VISITING  NURSING   IN  THE   UNITED   STATES 

1890  there  were  but  21  associations  in  all  of  the  United  States,  the  greater 
number  of  these  employing  but  one  nurse.  It  was  not  until  1894  that 
any  real  impetus  was  given  to  the  work.  From  that  time  on  the  growth 
has  been  more  rapid,  and  from  1905,  remarkably  so.  In  that  year 
statistics  show  171  associations  in  no  different  cities  or  towns,  employing 
445  nurses. 

There  are  today,  August  1,  1909,  566  associations  with  a  staff  of 
1413  nurses.  In  1907,  67  new  societies  were  organized.  In  1908,  112 
new  ones  were  started,  and  in  the  first  six  months  of  1909,  75  others  were 
formed.  The  expansion  of  ideas  of  social  betterment  has  been  signifi- 
cant in  this  connection,  and  the  visiting  nurse  has  been  recognized  as  an 
essential  factor  in  carrying  out  many  of  its  details.  Thus,  in  America, 
there  has  been  of  late  years  a  remarkable  increase  in  the  social  welfare 
work  entrusted  to  trained  nurses,  and  the  use  of  their  services  by  munic- 
ipalities has  been  a  most  significant  feature  in  the  development  of  this 
movement. 


14 


II 

PRINCIPLES 


The  requirements  of  the  visiting  nurse  are  not  only  practical  and 
professional,  but  in  a  large  measure  spiritual.  Purity  of  motives,  in- 
tegrity of  work,  and  broad  social  conceptions  of  duty  to  mankind,  are 
for  her  not  remote  ideals,  but  necessary  qualities  in  satisfactorily  carrying 
out  the  daily  routine. 

Confusion  has  prevailed,  however,  as  to  the  exact  functions  of  the 
visiting  nurse,  partly  because  of  the  eagerness  to  use  her  services  for 
purposes  other  than  those  definitely  within  her  province,  partly  because 
of  a  more  or  less  sentimental  conception  of  her  duties,  and  partly  because 
she  has  frequently  been  employed  as  a  missionary  for  special  evangelical 
work.  Understanding  of  her  real  work  in  the  community  has  thus  been 
delayed.  While  without  doubt  she  has  been  valuable  to  these  move- 
ments, this  incidental  use  of  her  training  and  skill  has  made  more  diffi- 
cult the  establishment  of  a  thorough  system  of  adequate  care  of  the  sick 
in  their  homes  which  would  compare  with  the  existing  standards  of 
nursing  in  institutions. 

The  visiting  nurse  associations  emphasize  the  importance  of  a  work 
organized  distinctly  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  trained  nurses  to  give 
home  care  to  the  sick  poor  and  to  those  of  small  means. 

Economy  of  Visiting  Nursing.  In  addition  to  the  humanitarian 
and  social  reasons  for  urging  adequate  nursing  of  people  in  their  homes, 
is  the  important  one  of  the  economy  to  the  community  in  thus  caring 
for  the  sick.  The  available  space  in  hospitals  is  entirely  inadequate  for 
meeting  the  demands  of  all  who  need  nursing  care.  Certain  acute  and 
chronic  cases  do  well  at  home  under  proper  conditions,  while  many 
patients  cannot  or  will  not  go  to  the  hospitals.  The  costly  hospital 
space  may  well  be  reserved,  then,  for  those  who  need  it  urgently. 

15 


VISITING   NURSING  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES 

The  Nurse.  Her  Qualifications.  The  physicians  have  not 
always  given  the  visiting  nurse  immediate  co-operation.  In  her  ex- 
perience, she  is  repeating  the  history  of  the  struggles  of  the  women  who 
first  tried  to  gain  recognition  of  their  value  and  place  in  the  hospitals. 
Some  physicians  have  never  been  associated  in  their  practice  with  the 
professional  nurse;  therefore,  they  are  unaccustomed  to  her  use;  but 
the  power  to  make  home  service  most  effective  rests  largely  upon  the 
doctors'  readiness  to  recognize  the  value  of  the  trained  nurses'  co-opera- 
tion, and  to  call  freely  upon  her  for  assistance. 

Much  of  the  responsibility  for  the  success  of  the  work  also  rests  upon 
the  nurse.  The  ability  to  keep  up  her  district,  and  to  be  indefatigable 
in  hunting  out  the  sick  who  need  her  care,  are  important  tests  of  the 
peculiar  talents  needed  for  this  branch  of  the  nursing  service.  Inasmuch 
as  visiting  nursing  is  largely  among  people  who  cannot  afford  a  trained 
nurse  all  the  time,  the  attendance  of  a  physician  is  likely  to  be  infrequent, 
and  therefore,  greater  responsibility  for  detecting  symptoms  and  re- 
porting them  intelligently,  falls  upon  the  nurse.  Often  most  delicate 
adjustment  between  doctor,  family,  and  neighbors  depends  upon  her 
discretion.  For  this  reason,  great  care  should  be  taken  in  the  selection 
of  the  nurse,  to  ascertain  her  aptitude  for  the  service,  and  to  determine 
whether  she  is  well  equipped  for  it  by  her  training.  She  should  have 
had  her  professional  education  in  a  large  general  hospital,  where  the 
variety  of  experience  would  best  prepare  her  for  the  emergencies  of  a 
district;  and  if  possible,  she  should  have  had  some  additional  training 
in  visiting  nursing  where  she  could  observe  methods,  and  what  is  ex- 
tremely important,  where  she  could  gain  some  knowledge  of  the  social 
forces  and  philanthropic  resources  operating  within  the  circle  of  her 
ministrations. 

Calls  for  the  Nurse.  When  visiting  nursing  associations  were 
first  organized,  it  was  customary  to  prescribe  stern  rules  as  to  the  method 
of  obtaining  the  service  of  the  nurse.  It  was  usual  to  forbid  her  to  an- 
swer calls  except  upon  the  written  request  of  a  physician.  Often  she 
was  assigned  to  a  particular  dispensary  or  physician,  and  her  services 
being  entirely  under  his  direction,  she  became  known  as  the  visiting 
nurse  of  "Dr.  So  and  So"  or  of  "Dispensary  Such  and  Such."  Other 
physicians  were  naturally  not  willing  to  request  her  help.  Experience 
in  the  large  societies  has  proved  that  it  is  unwise  to  have  the  nurse's 

'       16 


PRINCIPLES 

service  at  the  disposal  only  of  the  doctors  who  are  connected  with  chari- 
table institutions,  thereby  indirectly  putting  a  premium  on  pauperism. 
It  is  now  quite  generally  the  rule  that  requests  for  visiting  nurses  may  be 
sent  by  all  physicians.  In  Baltimore,  Boston,  Chicago,  Cleveland,  and 
New  York,  the  well  known  visiting  nursing  societies  encourage  calls 
from  every  source.  Because  of  this  the  gain  in  acute  service  has  been 
noteworthy,  and  the  system  works  out  as  very  practical  in  many  ways. 
All  societies  rightly  require  the  visiting  nurse  to  obtain  a  physician  for 
the  patient  when  none  is  in  attendance,  and  to  act  under  his  directions. 
There  are,  however,  many  seriously  sick  people  who  can  reach  her,  for 
whom  treatment  might  have  been  delayed  or  never  given  if  she  had  been 
available  only  through  the  physician;  this  because  of  easier  access  to 
the  nurse,  and  because  she  is  often  more  generally  known  in  a  neigh- 
borhood than  any  other  single  person. 

Quality  of  Service.  It  should  be  understood  by  the  nurse  and 
the  public  that  actual  nursing  is  expected  and  shall  be  given.  The 
condition  of  the  patient  and  his  circumstances  should  determine  the 
length  of  the  nurse's  visit;  it  cannot,  therefore,  be  arbitrarily  limited 
without  affecting  the  character  (or  quality)  of  the  care.  Education  of 
the  family  should  be  incidental  to  this,  and  will  be  no  less  impressive 
because  of  the  demonstration  by  the  nurse  through  her  skill  in  the  giving 
of  the  daily  bath,  the  careful  handling  of  the  patient,  and  the  regularity 
of  her  visits,  of  the  importance  she  plainly  places  upon  the  hygiene  oi 
body  and  room.  If  the  organization  maintaining  her  desires  to  create 
a  system  of  adequate  nursing,  provision  should  be  made  for  permitting 
her  to  call  more  than  once  a  day  on  patients  with  high  temperatures, 
and  upon  those  for  whom  the  doctors  have  prescribed  regular  treatment 
requiring  two  or  more  visits.  Thorough  nursing  which  necessitates 
lengthy  visits  is  done  at  the  cost  of  a  large  numerical  showing.  In  dis- 
trict nursing,  as  in  other  philanthropic  work,  the  pressure  of  money 
needs  often  misleads  people  into  efforts  to  make  "a  good  statistical 
showing,"  whereas  to  one  who  can  read  the  reports  with  intelligence, 
statements  of  enormous  numbers  of  calls  made  in  one  day  proclaim 
the  fact  that  although  many  visits  have  been  made  and  exhausting  work 
done,  there  has  been  little  real  nursing  as  it  is  understood  by  those  who 
treasure  ideals  of  the  care  for  the  sick. 

Charwomen.  In  case  of  emergency  a  good  nurse  should  be  ready 
2  17 


VISITING  NURSING  IN   THE   UNITED  STATES 

to  do  any  kind  of  service  that  bears  relationship  to  the  welfare  of  her 
patient.  But  it  would  be  wasteful  to  use  her  time  and  strength  for  work 
that  could  be  done  by  an  unskilled  person.  It  is  good  policy,  therefore, 
to  engage  women  to  do  cleaning  or  laundry  work  when  there  is  no  one 
in  the  family  who  can  do  it. 

Night  Duty.  To  obtain  the  best  results  for  the  patients,  the  nurse 
should  not  be  permitted  to  undertake  night  work  in  addition  to  day  duty, 
and  it  is  not  wise  to  endanger  the  discipline  and  authority  of  clearly 
defined  methods  by  permitting  any  irregularity  in  this  rule,  excepting 
under  very  unusual  circumstances,  or  when  the  nurse  has  no  other 
serious  case  under  her  care.  Demoralization  of  the  service  is  likely 
when  the  nurse's  salary  is  in  any  measure  dependent  upon  her  privilege 
to  take  work  (night  or  day)  other  than  that  paid  for  by  the  society  en- 
gaging her.  This  would  apply  also  to  the  question  of  fees.  When  a 
night  nurse  is  necessary,  one  should  be  specially  engaged  for  this  pur- 
pose. 

Fees.  It  has  been  found  through  practical  experience  that  pa- 
tients usually  prefer  to  pay  the  nurse,  and  it  is  a  good  principle  to  es- 
tablish the  custom  from  the  beginning.  Her  salary  should  be  entirely 
independent,  and  all  money  coming  to  her  should  be  turned  into  the 
funds  of  the  society,  which  fact  should  be  understood  by  the  patients 
as  well  as  by  the  general  public.  Patients  and  physicians  are  more 
likely  to  engage  a  nurse  upon  a  business  basis  when  no  stigma  of  charity 
is  attached  to  her  visits.  It  is  true,  however,  that  a  large  number  of 
the  patients  in  the  visiting  nurse's  district  cannot  pay  for  her  services 
and  should  not  be  urged  to  do  so.  The  income  of  unskilled  workers 
leaves  but  a  narrow  margin  over  and  above  the  cost  of  living,  for  ex- 
penses incident  to  illness. 

The  fees  paid  to  a  visiting  nurse  usually  range  from  $.10  to  $.25, 
occasionally  reaching  as  much  as  $.50  or  $1.00  a  visit.  But  though 
these  sums  are  nominal  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  society,  they 
represent,  for  one  hour's  service  or  less,  a  far  greater  percentage  of  the 
income  of  a  workingman  receiving  $2.00  a  day,  than  the  $25  a  week 
paid  the  private  nurse  for  twelve  hours'  attendance,  from  an  income  of 
$5,000  a  year.  This  suggestion  is  offered  to  encourage  the  acceptance 
of  the  small  fee  from  the  patient  who  may  hesitate  to  call  upon  the 
visiting  nurse  because  of  the  trifling  sum  he  can  offer. 

18 


PRINCIPLES 

Uniforms.  The  matter  of  uniforms  is  a  debatable  question  and 
may  properly  be  presented  in  a  chapter  on  principles.  Many  societies 
cherish  the  picturesque  costume  that  is  reminiscent  of  ecclesiastical  cus- 
tom, and  prescribe  such  dress,  cap,  and  veil  for  the  nurses  on  their  staff. 
Orderliness  and  beauty  may  be  obtained  through  this  usually  becoming 
habit,  and  a  certain  amount  of  advertisement  of  the  existence  of  the 
nurse  is  secured  thereby.  Unsuitable  dress  and  the  vexatious  problem 
of  regulating  taste  are  thus  obviated.  It  would  seem  sufficient,  however, 
and  appropriate,  to  require  the  visiting  nurses  to  be  clothed  suitably  for 
their  work,  and  to  leave  further  choice  to  the  individual.  Cotton  dresses, 
simple  and  easily  laundered,  aprons  worn  at  the  bedside,  hats  without 
ornamentation,  and  in  cold  weather  outside  garments  long  enough  to 
cover  the  cotton  gown,  should  be  required  while  on  duty. 

The  Physician.  The  relationship  of  the  visiting  nurse  to  the  phy- 
sician is  of  deep  importance.  Etiquette  that  is  based  upon  courtesy, 
loyalty,  and  respect  to  the  patient,  is  a  mutual  obligation.  It  should  be 
considered  a  grave  breach  of  good  training  for  the  nurse  to  prescribe 
medicine,  or  to  delay  in  calling  a  physician,  if  there  be  none;  and  her 
obligation  to  support  the  doctor  against  the  doubtings  of  the  family  and 
the  frequently  intrusive  neighbors  is  beyond  argument.  Disloyalty  to 
the  physician  on  the  part  of  the  family  is  frequent.  Many  people, 
ministered  to  by  the  visiting  nurse,  are  highly  emotional  and,  despite 
her  protests,  changes  in  physicians  are  made  sometimes  six,  seven,  or 
even  more  times  during  one  illness.  The  nurse  will  often  be  perplexed 
as  to  her  duty  under  such  circumstances,  but  experience  justifies  the 
stand  taken  by  the  older  societies  that  the  visiting  nurse  is  nowhere  more 
needed  than  under  such  circumstances,  and  her  duty  is  plainly  to  remain 
with  the  patient  through  all  the  vicissitudes  of  change. 

Relief.  That  it  is  unwise  to  have  the  nursing  service  complicated 
with  the  giving  of  financial  relief,  has  been  the  universal  experience. 
Nurses  do  not  often  have  the  training  which  enables  them  to  handle 
such  relief  wisely,  and  when  it  is  done  the  service  may  be  seriously  in- 
jured by  a  misunderstanding  on  the  part  of  patients,  doctors,  and  the 
community  in  general.  There  is  every  reason,  however,  for  supplying 
a  nurse  with  money  that  may  be  used  at  her  discretion  in  emergencies, 
and  she  should  have  authority  to  purchase  food,  medicine,  or  fuel,  if 
immediate  aid  is  needed,  but  should  report  the  case  without  delay  to 

19 


VISITING   NURSING  IN  THE   UNITED   STATES 

such  societies  as  may  be  organized  for  that  purpose.  Authority  for 
sending  patients  to  hospitals,  convalescent  homes,  dispensaries,  sana- 
toria, special  schools,  etc.,  and  enlisting  the  aid  of  other  agencies,  should 
be  definitely  placed  with  the  individual  nurse,  or  the  supervising  nurses, 
and  should  be  included  in  the  plan  of  administration.  This  also  applies 
to  the  obligation  of  reporting  violations  of  tenement  house  laws  and  de- 
partment of  health  regulations. 


20 


UNIVERSITY 


III 

METHODS  OF  ORGANIZATION 
ADMINISTRATION 


AND 


Individual  Patron.  The  character  of  the  organization  of  any 
visiting  nurses'  association  must  in  great  measure  be  influenced  by  the 
number  of  nurses  employed,  and  also  by  the  nature  of  the  financial 
support. 

Ideal  conditions  exist  in  many  places  where  an  individual  or  a  single 
family  provide  the  money  for  the  nurse's  salary  and  all  expenses  incident 
to  her  service.  If  in  addition  the  nurse  has  judgment  and  devotion  to 
her  work,  no  further  organization  is  necessary.  This  arrangement  is 
frequent  in  small  towns  and  in  country  districts.  The  disadvantage  lies 
in  the  fact  that  a  service  dependent  upon  the  will  or  financial  resources 
of  an  individual  is  not  likely  to  be  as  permanent  as  that  in  which  many 
people  are  interested. 

Committee  Management.  Organization  and  supervision  by 
committee  is  a  method  most  frequently  adopted  in  America.  The 
difficulty  of  collecting  money  in  this  way  is  greater  than  under  individ- 
ual management,  but  there  is  advantage  in  interesting  a  larger  circle  of 
people  in  the  work. 

Incorporated  Societies.  Societies  that  have  been  incorporated 
to  enable  them  to  hold  property  and  to  accept  legacies,  have  constitu- 
tions and  by-laws  that  are  usual  to  other  charitable  societies.  Some  of 
these  have  endowments  for  single  nurses,  many  of  which  have  been 
given  as  memorials. 

Constitution  and  By-Laws.  The  constitutions,  by-laws  and  rules 
for  nurses  found  on  pages  23-28  are  typical  of  the  larger  visiting 
nurse  associations  in  America.     In  addition  to  the  committees  ordina- 

21 


/ 


VISITING   NURSING   IN   THE   UNITED  STATES 

rily  appointed,  active  sub-committees  should  be  given  the  responsibility 
of  maintaining  the  supply  closet,  providing  special  diet  and  convalescent 
care  and  securing  suitable  employment  for  discharged  patients. 

Service  of  Lay  Workers.  The  possibility  of  appropriate  social 
service  for  the  patients  that  may  be  performed  by  members  of  the  com- 
mittees, is  largely  dependent  upon  the  ability  of  the  nurse  to  indicate  it* 
Valuable  supplementary  care  can  be  given,  and  when  this  is  done  seri- 
ously, the  advantage  is  two-fold:  first  through  the  benefit  to  the  pa- 
tients themselves;  second,  through  the  deepening  of  interest  in  the  lay 
worker  through  the  opportunity  to  help  in  other  ways  than  by  merely 
providing  money. 

Annual  Report.  The  public  is  interested  in  the  annual  report. 
It  would  be  extremely  interesting  to  have  a  uniform  plan  of  report  for 
all  associations  that  should  make  possible  a  comparison  of  methods  and 
results  obtained  similar  to  that  suggested  for  the  large  hospitals.  The 
statistical  information  gathered  by  accurate  recording  of  work  done  by 
the  nursing  staff  of  an  association  could  be  made  of  great  value  to  medical 
and  social  students  in  the  community  and  to  the  general  public  who 
desire  reliable  information  upon  the  various  measures  established  for 
human  welfare  and  relief.  As  now  published,  many  of  the  reports, 
though  readable  and  interesting,  do  not  always  give  important  facts. 
Sometimes  the  figures  are  compiled  in  such  a  way  that  the  numbers  of 
patients  treated,  the  diagnoses  made,  and  the  disposal  of  the  cases, 
fail  to  show  any  relationship  to  each  other. 

The  points  of  general  interest  in  a  report  are : 

Methods  of  administration, 

Cost  of  maintaining  the  service, 

The  numbers  of  patients  treated, 

Diagnosis  and  character  of  the  illness, 

Results:  (whether  cured,  sent  to  hospitals,  died,  etc.); 

Character  of  care  given. 
In  order  to  assist  societies  about  to  organize,  a  copy  is  given  of  the 
Constitution,  By-Laws,  and  Rules  for  Nurses,  of  three  associations 
which  have  been  working  successfully  for  a  number  of  years.  A  de- 
tailed account  of  the  administration  of  the  Henry  Street  Settlement  in 
New  York  is  given  also  in  the  hope  that  it  too  may  be  of  value  in  starting 
work  on  similar  lines. 

22 


METHODS    OF   ORGANIZATION    AND    ADMINISTRATION 

ARTICLES  OF  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE  VISITING  NURSE 
ASSOCIATION  OF  DETROIT,  MICHIGAN 


We,  the  undersigned,  desiring  to  become  incorporated  under  the 
provisions  of  Act  166  of  the  Public  Acts  of  the  State  of  Michigan  of 
1899,  being  an  Act  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  Incorporation  of  Char- 
itable Societies,"  approved  June  23rd,  1899,  and  acts  amendatory 
thereof  or  supplementary  thereto,  do  hereby  make,  execute,  and  adopt 
the  following: 

ARTICLE  I 

The  names  of  the  persons  associating  in  the  first  instance  and 
their  respective  places  of  residence,  are  as  follows:  See  Article  VI. 

ARTICLE  II 

The  name  of  such  Corporation  shall  be  "The  Visiting  Nurse  Asso- 
ciation" and  the  location  of  its  office  for  the  transaction  of  business 
shall  be  Detroit,  Wayne  County,  Michigan,  and  the  period  for  which 
it  is  incorporated  shall  be  thirty  years. 

ARTICLE  III 

The  objects  for  which  such  Corporation  is  organized  shall  be  the 
systematic  management  and  gradual  extension  of  District  Nursing 
in  the  said  City  of  Detroit,  in  the  County  of  Wayne,  and  the  giving 
of  skillful  and  sympathetic  relief  to  numbers  of  sick,  poor,  and  needy 
persons  within  the  limits  of  said  city,  and  for  such  purposes  to  take 
and  receive  by  gift,  purchase,  devise,  or  otherwise,  such  personal  and 
real  property  as  shall  be  allowed  by  law. 

ARTICLE  IV 

The  number  of  Trustees  of  such  Corporation  shall  be  eighteen, 

who  shall  hold  office  for  a  period  of  three  years,  except  as  hereinafter 

provided,  and  said  Trustees  shall  be  divided  into  three  classes.     The 

entire  Board  of  Trustees  shall  be  chosen  in  the  first  instance  for  the 

23 


VISITING   NURSING  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES 

following  terms.  One-third  shall  hold  office  until  the  next  annual 
meeting  in  1902;  one-third  until  the  annual  meeting  in  1903,  and 
one-third  until  the  annual  meeting  in  1904;  and  thereafter  one-third 
of  the  total  number  of  Trustees  shall  be  elected  annually,  commencing 
at  the  annual  meeting  in  1902,  for  the  full  period  of  three  years  as 
hereinbefore  provided.  Said  Board  of  Trustees  shall  choose  from  its 
members  the  following  officers: 

A  President,  a  Vice  President,  a  Secretary  and  a  Treasurer,  each 
of  whom  shall  hold  office  for  a  period  of  one  year  and  until  their  suc- 
cessors shall  be  chosen. 

ARTICLE  V 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  Corporation  shall  be  held  at  the  office 
of  the  Corporation  as  established  by  its  By-Laws  on  the  second  Thurs- 
day in  March  of  each  year,  at  such  time  as  shall  be  prescribed  in  the 
notice  therefor. 

ARTICLE  VI 

The  terms  and  conditions  of  membership  in  said  Corporation 
shall  be  as  follows :  Any  person  may  become  a  member  by  the  payment 
of  an  annual  fee  of  One  Dollar  payable  at  such  times  as  the  By-Laws 
shall  provide.  All  members  of  societies  incorporated  or  unincor- 
porated which  shall  be  recognized  by  a  vote  of  the  Trustees  of  this 
Corporation  as  contributing  to  the  purposes  for  which  this  Corporation 
is  formed  shall  be  members,  and  such  members  shall  not  be  required  to 
pay  the  annual  fee  hereinbefore  mentioned.  All  physicians  shall  be 
members  and  exempt  from  said  fee. 

In  witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands  and  seals  this 
Fourth  day  of  June,  A.  D.  1901,  in  duplicate. 

The  names  and  addresses  follow,  and  the  signature  of  the  Notary 
Public. 


24 


METHODS    OF   ORGANIZATION    AND   ADMINISTRATION 


BY-LAWS  OF  THE  VISITING  NURSE  ASSOCIATION 
OF  CHICAGO 


Section  i.  Any  person  may  become  a  member  of  the  Association 
upon  payment  of  an  annual  fee  of  five  dollars  ($5.00),  to  be  paid  on  or 
before  the  first  day  of  January  each  year. 

Sec.  2.  The  officers  of  this  Association  shall  consist  of  a  president, 
two  vice  presidents,  a  secretary,  a  treasurer,  and  a  board  of  directors, 
the  membership  of  which  shall  be  composed  of  the  president,  two 
vice  presidents,  secretary  and  treasurer  of  said  Association,  and  twenty- 
seven  (27)  other  members  thereof.  The  president,  vice  presidents? 
secretary,  and  treasurer  of  said  Association  shall  be  elected  by  a  vote 
of  the  members  thereof  at  the  annual  meeting  to  be  held  in  January 
in  each  year,  for  a  term  of  one  year  each.  Nine  (9)  directors  shall  be 
elected  by  a  vote  of  members  at  such  meeting  to  serve  for  one  year, 
nine  (9)  for  two  years,  and  nine  (9)  for  three  years.  Thereafter  at 
each  annual  meeting  nine  (9)  directors  shall  be  elected  to  serve  for 
three  (3)  years  in  place  of  those  whose  term  of  office  shall  have  ex- 
pired. Honorary  members  may  be  elected  at  the  discretion  of  the 
Board,  who  shall  not  be  entitled  to  vote  but  may  serve  on  the  Advisory 
Committee. 

Sec.  3.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  shall  be  held  on 
the  first  Wednesday  after  the  first  Monday  in  January.  Special  meet- 
ings of  the  Association  may  be  called  at  any  time  by  the  directory, 
and  shall  be  called  upon  the  written  request  of  any  ten  (10)  members. 

A  notice  of  every  meeting  of  the  Association  shall  be  sent  by  mail 
by  the  secretary  to  each  member  at  least  four  (4)  days  prior  to  the 
date  fixed  for  such  meeting.  Forty  (40)  members  shall  constitute 
a  quorum  for  the  transacting  of  business. 

Sec.  4.  Regular  monthly  meetings  of  the  board  of  directors  shall 
be  held  on  the  first  Thursday  of  each  month,  excepting  July,  August, 
and  September.  Special  meetings  of  the  directory  may  be  called  at 
any  time  by  the  president,  and  shall  be  called  at  the  written  request  of 
any  three  (3)  directors. 

25 


VISITING   NURSING  IN  THE   UNITED  STATES 

The  object  of  such  special  meeting  shall  be  stated  in  the  call,  and 
no  other  business  shall  be  considered  at  the  meeting.  Five  (5)  members 
of  the  directory  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

Sec.  5.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  of  the  directory  to  aid 
the  Association  by  obtaining  donations  and  subscriptions. 

Sec.  6.  Absence  of  any  member  of  the  directory  from  three  con- 
secutive regular  meetings  shall  be  deemed  equivalent  to  resignation, 
and  shall  be  acted  upon  as  such,  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  a  two- 
thirds  vote  of  the  directors  present  at  the  meeting. 

Sec.  7.  The  president  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Asso- 
ciation and  of  the  directory,  and  shall,  unless  another  order  be  made, 
appoint  all  committees  thereof. 

In  the  absence  of  the  president,  or  in  any  case  of  vacancy  in  the 
office,  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  president  devolve  upon  the  vice 
president. 

Sec.  8.  The  secretary  shall  be  recording  and  corresponding  officer 
of  the  Association  and  directory,  and  shall  perform  any  other  duties 
assigned  her  by  either  the  Association  or  the  directory. 

Sec.  9.  The  treasurer  shall  receive  all  moneys  of  the  Association 
and  deposit  them  in  such  bank  or  banks  as  the  directory  may  from 
time  to  time  direct,  and  shall  keep  a  true  and  accurate  account  of  all 
moneys  received  and  paid  out.  All  vouchers  shall  be  O.  K.'d  by  the 
superintendent,  and  checks  shall  be  signed  by  the  treasurer,  or  in  her 
absence  by  the  president,  or  by  some  one  of  the  other  regular  officers, 
or  in  the  absence  of  all  officers,  by  some  one  director  appointed  thereto 
by  the  president  in  writing. 

Sec.  10.  As  soon  as  may  be  after  the  annual  meeting,  there  shall 
be  appointed  the  following  standing  committees:  (a)  The  Nurses  Com- 
mittee, consisting  of  such  number  of  persons  as  the  directory  may 
appoint,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  take  general  charge  of  the  nurses' 
work  and  to  employ  and  direct  the  nurses,  (b)  Uniform  Purchasing 
Office  Needs  Committee,  consisting  of  such  number  of  persons  as  the 
directory  may  appoint,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  provide  uniforms  for 
the  nurses  and  to  purchase  all  supplies  for  the  Association,  (c)  Fi- 
nance Committee,  consisting  of  such  number  of  persons  as  the  direct- 
ory may  appoint,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  raise  the  necessary  funds 
for   the   maintenance   of   the   Association,     (d)    Printing   Committee, 

26 


METHODS   OF   ORGANIZATION  AND   ADMINISTRATION 

consisting  of  such  number  of  persons  as  the  directory  may  appoint, 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  supervise  and  provide  all  current  printing  and 
the  editing  of  the  annual  report,  (e)  Advisory  Committee,  consisting 
of  such  number  of  persons  as  the  directory  may  appoint,  whose  duty  it 
shall  be  to  give  suggestions  or  advice,  as  may  occur  to  them,  to  any  of 
the  officers  or  committees  upon  the  affairs  of  the  Association,  (f) 
Auditing  Committee,  consisting  of  such  number  of  persons  as  the 
directory  may  appoint,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  audit,  at  least  once  a 
year,  the  books  of  account  of  the  Association. 

Sec.  ii.  Resignation  of  officers  or  directors  may  be  accepted 
by  the  directory,  which  shall  fill  all  vacancies  until  the  next  annual 
meeting. 

Sec.  12.  The  order  of  business  at  all  meetings  of  the  Association 
shall  be  as  follows: 

i.  Reading  minutes  of  last  meeting. 

2.  Communications. 

3.  Reports  of  officers. 

4.  Unfinished  business. 

5.  New  business. 

6.  Election  of  officers  and  directors. 

Sec.  13.  The  Charter  of  this  Association  may  be  modified,  changed, 
or  amended,  and  these  by-laws  altered,  amended,  or  repealed  at  any 
regular  meeting  of  the  board  of  directors  of  this  Association  by  the 
affirmative  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  of  said  board  present  at 
such  meeting,  due  notice  thereof  having  been  given. 


RULES   FOR  NURSES   FROM   THE   INSTRUCTIVE  VISIT- 
ING NURSE  ASSOCIATION  OF  BALTIMORE,  MD. 


1.  Each  nurse  shall  pledge  herself  to  give  at  least  six  months'  serv- 
ice to  the  Association,  and  if  desiring  to  withdraw,  shall  give  a  month's 
notice. 

2.  Each  nurse  shall  give  eight  hours'  work  daily,  and  shall  be 

27 


VISITING   NURSING   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES 

at  the  office  twice  daily  for  calls,  at  the  hours  of  9  a.  m.  and  1  p.  m.; 
but  on  Sundays  and  legal  holidays  no  calls  to  new  patients  will  be 
received,  although  visits  to  critical  cases  under  her  care  may  be  required. 

3.  Each  nurse  shall  be  entitled  to  one  month's  vacation  during  the 
year,  and,  as  her  salary  is  continued  during  this  time,  it  is  required 
that  she  shall  not  exercise  her  profession. 

4.  Nurses  shall  answer  all  calls  in  their  districts,  excepting  those 
from  disorderly  houses. 

5.  Nurses  shall  not  nurse  contagious  diseases,  but  in  all  cases  give 
instruction  and  every  possible  assistance  to  the  families. 

6.  Nurses  are  not  allowed  to  prescribe  treatment  or  to  continue  to 
attend  cases  which  are  not  under  the  care  of  a  physician. 

7.  Nurses  are  not  expected  to  attend  cases  of  labor,  but  may  after- 
wards visit  mother  and  infant  until  recovery. 

8.  Nurses,  in  addition  to  their  care  of  patients,  shall  give  suitable 
instruction  in  each  case  to  some  member  of  the  family,  or  other  avail- 
able person,  on  ventilation,  food,  cleanliness,  etc. 

9.  Nurses  are  not  allowed  to  give  material  assistance,  except  in 
cases  of  real  emergency,  and  then  only  until  the  need  can  be  relieved 
by  some  other  agency.  They  shall  keep  a  record  of  all  cases  in  which 
material  assistance  is  given  or  which  are  referred  to  other  agencies, 
and  shall  report  them  weekly  to  the  Secretary. 

They  are  advised,  in  cases  of  doubtful  emergency,  to  consult  with 
the  local  agent  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society. 

10.  Nurses  shall  not  give  or  receive  presents  of  any  kind. 

11.  In  lending  articles  to  the  sick,  each  nurse  must  keep  a  record 
of  the  date  of  loan  and  require  all  articles  to  be  returned  clean  and 
in  good  order. 

12.  Nurses  are  instructed  to  collect  at  least  ten  cents  for  each  pro- 
fessional visit,  excepting  when,  in  their  judgment,  the  families  are 
unable  to  make  any  payment. 

13.  There  shall  be  no  interference  with  the  religious  or  political 
opinions  of  the  patients. 


METHODS   OF    ORGANIZATION  AND   ADMINISTRATION 

ORGANIZATION    AND    ADMINISTRATION    OF    THE 

NURSES'  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  HENRY 

STREET  SETTLEMENT 


The  Henry  Street  Settlement  is  organized  under  the  Membership 
Corporation  Laws  of  the  State  of  New  York  for  the  purpose  of  pro- 
viding and  maintaining  a  system  of  free  visiting  nursing,  to  provide 
homes  for  nurses  engaged  therein,  and  generally  to  do  all  things  proper 
to  be  done  by  said  nurses  in  connection  with  said  nursing;  to  conduct 
and  maintain  settlements  as  centers  for  the  cultivation  of  higher  civic 
and  social  life,  including  free  libraries,  reading  and  meeting  rooms, 
and  to  maintain  free  homes  for  convalescents,  and  for  recreative  pur- 
poses. 

The  administration  of  the  various  departments  is  controlled  by 
the  experienced  workers  themselves.  The  Head  Worker  is  a  nurse 
and  works  in  close  association  with  the  superintendent  of  the  nurses, 
the  supervising  nurses,  and  those  whose  experience  and  judgment  are 
valuable  in  this  direction.  The  method  is  given  here  in  detail.  Some 
features,  particularly  of  the  form  of  organization  of  the  settlement  as  a 
whole  may  possibly  be  inapplicable  to  visiting  nurses'  associations,  but 
the  administration  of  the  nursing  department  itself  has  proven  to  be 
simple,  direct,  and  practical,  permitting  immediate  action  on  any 
matter  relating  to  the  patients  and  to  the  staff.  In  small  communities 
the  problems  involved  in  the  nurses'  duties  are  naturally  less  compli- 
cated than  those  in  the  large  cities;  conference  with  the  committee  or 
individuals  in  charge  is  likely  to  be  informal  and  immediate.  Where 
the  staff  is  larger,  a  definite  system  of  administration  is  essential.  The 
one  described  here  does  not  differ  materially  in  this  respect  from  other 
experienced  associations. 

Appointment  of  the  Staff.  Following  is  a  copy  of  the  appli- 
cation blank  given  to  each  applicant  for  appointment  to  the  nursing 
staff. 

Application  must  be  made  in  person  and  only  graduates  of  recog- 
nized training  schools  for  nurses  will  be  considered. 

29 


VISITING   NURSING   IN  THE   UNITED   STATES 


HENRY  STREET  (NURSES')  SETTLEMENT 
APPLICATION  BLANK 

190.. 

Name  Age 

P.  0.  Address   

If  in  Greater  New  York  give  telephone  number. 
Training  School Graduate  of  class  of   

Name 

Address 

Name 

Address 

Are  you  strong  and  well Have  you  ever  had  any  tendency 

to  fiat-foot tubercular or  cardiac  trouble. 

Have  you  ever  done  district  nursing 

Place 

Time,  from to 

What  other  engagements  since  graduation 

Place 

Time,  from ". to 


References: 


Probation.  Except  in  emergencies,  a  new  nurse  becomes  a  resi- 
dent at  the  headquarters  of  the  Henry  Street  (Nurses')  Settlement  and 
is  assigned  work  in  a  nearby  district.  There  is  no  established  period 
of  probation  but  a  nurse  is  not  considered  a  candidate  for  membership 
to  the  staff  until  she  has  been  three  months  at  least  in  the  service.  After 
a  nurse  has  proved  her  aptitude  for  the  work  she  is  accepted  as  a  reg- 
ular staff  worker  and  may  be  retained  at  the  Henry  Street  Settlement 
or  sent  to  one  of  the  outside  districts  in  Manhattan  or  the  Bronx. 

Hours  of  Duty.  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  1^-  to  2  hours  at  noon. 
One  day  for  rest  is  allowed  each  week  and  may  be  taken  on  Sunday 
or  a  week  day  according  to  individual  preference.  At  all  other  times 
the  nurses  remain  in  their  districts  ready  to  answer  calls  during  the 
working  hours  of  each  day. 

30 


METHODS    OF   ORGANIZATION   AND  ADMINISTRATION 

There  is  no  night  work,  but  a  nurse  may  be  asked  to  take  some 
share  in  the  social  activities  of  the  settlement  in  which  she  is  a  resident. 

Salary.  $60  per  month  first  year;  $70  second  year,  $75  third  year, 
$80  fourth  year,  and  $85  fifth  year.  One  month's  vacation  is  [allowed 
each  year  with  salary  after  the  expiration  of  the  first  twelve  months. 

Expenses.  The  board  approximates  $6  per  week.  Laundry  is 
paid  for  by  the  individual  nurse. 

Equipment.  Nurses  should  come  provided  with  the  following: 
Four  shirt  waist  suits  of  washable  material,  (when  practicable  the 
gingham  of  the  school  uniform  is  preferred) ;  a  plain  hat  and  warm  outer 
garment;  a  short  woolen  skirt  for  stormy  weather,  and  strong,  easy 
shoes;  bandage  scissors,  small  scissors,  probe,  forceps,  and  watch 
in  good  repair.  (Aprons  are  supplied  and  laundered  at  the  expense 
of  the  Settlement.)     Bags  are  provided  for  each  nurse. 

Character  of  the  Work.  Professionally,  the  nature  of  the  work 
varies  with  the  district.  In  the  congested  lower  East  Side,  the  service 
is  acute,  pneumonia  predominating.  The  surgical  work  consists 
mainly  of  extensive  burns,  abscesses,  and  severe  ulcers.  The  obstet- 
rical service  is  comparatively  small,  but  several  nurses  at  a  time  are 
detailed  to  specialize  in  this  branch. 

The  Department  of  Health  has  a  staff  of  visiting  nurses  who  care 
for  diphtheria,  scarlet  fever  and  measles.  The  settlement  nurses 
are  thus  spared  a  complication  from  this  source,  and  may  retire  from 
a  case  of  contagion,  knowing  that  the  patient  will  receive  attention. 

Post-Graduate  Opportunity.  Nurses  who  wish  to  study  visiting 
nursing  with  a  view  of  learning  their  fitness  for  this  work,  or  other 
related  social  work  to  which  nurses  are  now  so  frequently  called,  are 
admitted  to  the  staff  for  a  [period  of  time  for  experience  and  instruction 
on  the  same  terms  as  those  who  apply  for  definite  positions. 

Nurses'  Home.  The  nurses  on  the  Settlement  staff  live  in  the  dis- 
tricts in  which  they  work,  making  their  homes  either  in  the  houses  of 
the  Henry  Street  Settlement,  other  social  settlements,  or  in  small  groups 
in  tenement  houses.  This  brings  them  in  contact  with  people  who  are 
identified  with  the  social  and  philanthropic  movements  of  the  city,  and 
is  of  inestimable  value  as  a  stimulus  to  the  nurse  and  opens  every 
avenue  of  relief  to  their  patients. 

Hours  of  Duty  and  Rest.    The  nurses  are  expected  to  be  on  duty 

31 


VISITING   NURSING   IN  THE  UNITED   STATES 

from  g  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  with  a  suitable  time  for  luncheon  and  rest  at  noon. 
The  service  is  not  interrupted  on  Sunday,  the  patient  being  cared  for 
on  that  day  as  on  any  other.  Because  of  the  impossibility  of  securing 
the  dispensary  or  charity  doctor  on  Sundays  and  holidays,  it  is  more 
important  to  have  the  nurse  in  attendance  at  such  times.  Chronic 
patients  who  are  not  seen  daily,  may  at  the  discretion  of  the  nurse  be 
visited  on  Saturdays  and  Mondays,  to  enable  her  to  attend  church  and 
lessen  the  working  hours  of  Sundays.  Each  nurse  is  relieved  from  duty 
for  24  hours  every  week,  and  one  whole  month  during  the  year.  When 
she  is  off  duty,  her  patients  are  visited  by  the  nurses  in  the  adjacent  dis- 
tricts, or  when  the  service  is  very  severe,  an  extra  nurse  or  "floater"  is 
maintained  on  the  staff  for  this  purpose.  During  her  month's  holiday, 
a  substitute  is  always  placed  in  her  district. 

Instruction  and  Supervision.  The  superintendent  of  nurses 
engages  the  staff  and  has  general  supervision  of  all  the  nursing.  The 
city  is  separated  into  three  large  divisions,  each  having  the  oversight  of  a 
supervisor.  These  divisions  are  subdivided  into  districts  with  a  staff 
nurse  in  each,  who  has  the  immediate  responsibility  of  her  district. 
A  new  nurse  is  accompanied  on  her  first  days  on  duty  by  a  supervising 
nurse,  and  is  seen  every  day  by  the  Superintendent  that  she  may  have 
instruction  and  help  in  adapting  her  training  to  the  peculiar  conditions 
in  which  she  may  find  her  patients. 

A  conference  of  the  entire  nursing  force  with  the  Head  Worker  of 
the  Settlement  is  held  once  a  month,  when  subjects  of  general  social 
importance  as  well  as  nursing  matters  are  discussed. 

Calls  for  Nurses.  Calls  are  accepted  from  all  sources.  When 
there  is  no  physician  the  nurse  requests  the  family  to  secure  one.  Fail- 
ing in  this,  she  is  responsible  for  getting  either  a  private  or  public  doc- 
tor, or  obtaining  hospital  or  dispensary  treatment  according  to  the  needs 
of  the  patient. 

Daily  Record.  A  daily  record  is  kept  by  each  nurse  of  the  work 
that  she  has  done.  This  is  of  great  value  not  only  as  a  history,  but  it 
gives  also  an  opportunity  for  intelligent  criticism  and  discussion  of  the 
day's  work. 

Bedside  Notes.  Bedside  notes  of  each  case  are  kept  by  the  nurse 
in  attendance,  primarily  for  the  doctor's  use.  These  remain  in  the  pa- 
tient's room  and  are  sent  to  the  physician's  office  or  to  the  dispensary 

32 


DAILY    REPORT 

TO 
NURSES'  SETTLEMENT       7?0" 


NAME         ADDRESS      TIME 


WORK  DONE 


No.  of  visits  made . 


Nurse 

District  No. 


Bedside  Notes 

Name Dr 

Address Nurse 

Date 

Hours 

T 

P 

R 

Notes 

• 

METHODS    OF   ORGANIZATION   AND   ADMINISTRATION 

once  or  twice  a  day,  as  he  may  desire.    At  the  termination  of  the  dis- 
ease, they  are  brought  to  the  office  of  the  Settlement. 

Case  Cards.     Case  cards  of  all  patients  are  kept  at  the  headquarters 
of  each  district  in  card  catalogues.     These  give  the  following  items. 


Name Age 


Address... 


First  Visit Last  Visit 

Diagnosis Result 

Reported  by Occupation. 

M.D 


.Nurse. 


On  the  reverse  side  are  notes  for  describing  the  treatment  of  the  case, 
as  to  whether  relief  was  given,  night  nurses  engaged,  and  similar  points 
of  interest. 

Nurse's  Bag  and  Contents.  The  following  cuts  show  the  bag  now 
used  by  the  nursing  staff  of  the  Henry  Street  Settlement,  New  York, 
and  adopted  by  many  other  associations. 

It  is  made  of  leather  and  lined  throughout  with  linen. 

It  has  long  handles  to  permit  of  its  being  carried  over  the  arm,  and 
a  soft  leather  flap  to  protect  the  contents  from  exposure  to  dust  and  rain. 

There  is  an  adjustable  lining  that  may  be  easily  removed,  scrubbed, 
disinfected  and  laundered. 

It  is  14  inches  long,  6  inches  wide,  and  7^  inches  high. 


1  Detachable  lining. 

1  Linen  case  for  instruments. 

2  Small  linen  cases  for  dressings. 


Contents  of  the  Bag 
1  Pencil. 
1  Thermometer  (mouth). 


1  Thermometer  (rectal). 


33 


VISITING   NURSING   IN;  THE   UNITED   STATES 


3  Gauze  bandages. 

1  Thermometer  (contagious). 

3  Muslin  bandages. 

1  Glass  syringe. 

2  yards  of  gauze. 

1  Glass  catheter. 

i  Package  absorbent  cotton. 

1  Rubber  catheter   with  glass  con 

i  Roll  adhesive  plaster. 

necting  tube,  and  rubber  tub 

$  yard  rubber  tissue. 

ing. 

i  Napkin  for  soiledMressings. 

1  Medicine  dropper. 

i  Hand  towel. 

1  Caustic  stick. 

i  Apron. 

1  Spatula. 

i  Nail  brush. 

1  Agate  funnel. 

i  Doz.  safety  pins. 

1  Agate  bowl. 

i  Box  talcum  powder. 

1  3-oz.  bottle. 

i  Package  bedside  notes. 

5  i-oz.  bottles. 

4  Large  envelopes. 

3  2-oz.  jars. 

i  Scratch  pad. 

2  i-oz.  jars. 

i  Vaseline  jar. 

1  Glass  vial. 

Bottles  and  Jars  are  Filled  as  Follows: 

Bottles 

Jars 

i  Alcohol  95  per  cent.     (Inlarge 

1  Acid  Boric  Powder. 

bottle). 

1  Bichloride  Tablets. 

i  Tinct.  GreenjSoap. 

1  Vaseline. 

i  Listerine. 

1  Ichthyol  Ung.  10  per  cent. 

i  Whiskey. 

1  Acid  Boric  Ung. 

i  Empty. 

1  Empty. 

i  Carbolic  Acid  95  per  cent. 

(Bluebottle). 

1  Cascara  tablets     (Smallest 

bottle). 

Night  Work.  Nurses  are  not  permitted  to  give  night  care.  When 
the  condition  of  patients  requires  it,  nurses  are  engaged  from  reliable 
directories  in  the  city.  A  list  of  nurses  who  understand  tenement  house 
conditions  and  who  are  willing  to  respond  to  such  calls,  is  kept  at  the 
office.  As  in  the  day  work,  patients  are  expected  to  pay  according  to 
their  means.  In  some  directories  the  night  nurses  are  willing  to  go  for 
less  than  their  usual  fee  of  $4.00  a  night,  and  arrangements  for  their 

34 


tt 


*  ■■  .  .  -  . 


^    THE 

J 


w 


METHODS    OF    ORGANIZATION   AND   ADMINISTRATION 

payment  are  made  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the  family  by  the 
Settlement  nurse.  Sometimes  they  pay  all  or  part,  the  balance  being 
made  up  from  the  funds  at  the  disposal  of  the  Settlement.  It  has  been 
found  impracticable  to  keep  any  number  of  nurses  on  the  staff  for  night 
work  exclusively,  as  the  demands  are  likely  to  be  very  irregular.  A 
requisition  for  the  night  nurse  should  come  through  the  district  nurse 
only.  She  is  in  a  position  to  judge  whether  it  is  necessary  to  give  this 
unusual  service  and  whether  the  people  can  secure  it  themselves  or  not. 
Critical  condition  of  the  patient,  exhaustion  of  the  mother,  of  the  mem- 
ber of  the  family  who  has  carried  the  burden  of  the  nursing,  and  financial 
conditions  of  the  family,  are  factors  that  determine  the  decision. 

Obstetrical  Service.  The  obstetrical  service  is  kept  distinct; 
the  nurses  assigned  to  this  work  answer  no  other  calls.  The  dressings 
are  sterilized  in  small  canvas  cylinders,  and  a  daily  supply  is  taken  to 
each  patient,  for  use  between  the  nurse's  visits.  The  sterilizers  are  at 
the  nurses'  headquarters,  except  where  a  nurse  works  in  connection  with 
a  lying-in  dispensary;  in  this  case  the  dressings  are  sterilized  at  the  dis- 
pensary. 

Fees.  Patients  are  encouraged  to  pay,  and  many  greatly  prefer  to 
do  so.  The  physicians  also  appreciate  the  desirability  of  the  business 
basis,  and  are  more  ready  to  avail  themselves  of  the  nurses'  service 
when  this  is  understood.  All  the  money  received  from  this  source  is 
placed  in  the  emergency  fund,  a  part  of  which  is  used  for  the  expenses 
incident  to  the  nurses'  service,  such  as  carfares,  supplies,  etc. 

Supply  Closets.  Supply  and  loan  closets  are  kept  at  each  of  the 
local  headquarters.  They  are  furnished  with  all  kinds  of  medical 
supplies,  disinfectants,  sick-room  appliances,  bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
delicacies  for  the  sick.  Purchases  are  made  in  large  quantities  and  kept 
at  the  main  office,  where  requisitions  from  the  branches  are  filled. 

Financial  Support.  The  money  for  the  Nurses'  Department  of 
the  Settlement  is  contributed  distinctly  for  the  service. 

Salaries  in  whole  or  in  part  are  given  usually  for  a  year  by  individuals, 
members  of  a  family,  groups  of  people,  societies  and  by  other  social 
settlements. 

The  convalescent  homes  are  supported  almost  entirely  by  individuals 
or  members  of  a  single  family. 

Expenses  incident  to  the  care  of  the  sick  are  met  by  irregular  volun- 

35 


VISITING  NURSING   IN  THE  UNITED   STATES 

tary  contributions,  special  funds  for  which  some  person  or  persons  hold 
themselves  responsible,  and  from  the  fees  paid  by  the  patients. 

Relief.  Each  staff  nurse  is  authorized  to  give  immediate  relief  in 
emergency,  and  she  may  use  her  judgment  in  providing  nourishment 
and  delicacies  for  her  patients.  If  need  of  further  aid  is  indicated,  the 
appropriate  relief  societies  are  called  upon.  Where  no  organized  society 
can  supply  the  peculiar  needs,  the  Settlement  may  assume  the  responsi- 
bility. Consultation  with  the  Head  Worker  or  superintendent  of  nurses 
upon  such  matters  can  be  obtained  immediately.  Relief  in  this  sense 
includes  hiring  of  carriages,  or  private  ambulance,  securing  special 
nurses,  nourishment,  eye  glasses,  bandages,  elastic  stockings,  artificial 
limbs,-  railroad  fare,  sanatorium  treatment,  medicines,  payment  of 
board,  and  clothing. 

Charwomen.  The  nurses  are  authorized  to  engage  women  to 
clean  the  homes  or  do  laundry  for  the  patients  where  there  is  no  one  in 
the  family  able  to  do  such  work. 

Convalescent  Homes  and  After-care.  The  Settlement  main- 
tains two  small  convalescent  homes  in  the  country,  each  having  a  trained 
nurse  in  charge.  The  staff  nurses  are  expected  to  make  use  of  these  for 
their  patients,  and  of  other  convalescent  homes  in  the  community. 

Among  other  provisions  for  the  cure  of  the  patients,  are  rooms  for 
minor  surgical  dressings.  In  these,  nurses  are  in  charge  in  neatly 
equipped  offices,  where  ambulatory  cases  may  come  for  their  daily- 
dressings.  As  none  of  these  are  bed  patients,  they  can  easily  go  to  the 
office  nurse,  thus  effecting  a  great  economy  of  the  visiting  nurse's  time. 
Patients  are  sent  from  private  offices,  dispensaries,  and  hospitals  to 
these  dressing  rooms  by  physicians  and  surgeons,  for  the  careful  appli- 
cation of  the  treatment  which  they  have  prescribed,  and  which  would 
be  impossible  for  the  people  to  carry  out  themselves  in  their  own  homes. 
This  service  is  usually  for  chronic  ulcers,  empyema,  burns,  intestinal 
irrigations,  insertion  of  eye  drops,  and  recording  temperatures. 


36 


METHODS  OF    ORGANIZATION   AND   ADMINISTRATION 


Copy  of  the  Monthly  Report  Submitted  by  Each  Nurse 

MONTHLY  REPORT 

of  the  Nursing  of  the 

HENRY  STREET  SETTLEMENT 


For  the  month  of i9°- 

Nurse Dist 


Patients  

Nursing  Visits  

Friendly  Visits  

Dism.  to  Hospitals  

Dism.  to  Dispensaries  

Died  

Dismissed  or  Transferred  

Remaining  under  Care  

First-Aid  Treatments  

Rec'd  from  Patients  

Expended  

These  are  sent  to  all  who  subscribe  to  the  nursing  service. 
Detailed  financial  reports  of  expenditures  of  special  funds  also  are 
sent  to  those  whose  money  has  been  given  for  such  purposes. 

ANNUAL  REPORT  BLANK  OF   THE   NURSES'  WORK 
OF  THE  HENRY  STREET  SETTLEMENT 


Number  of  Patients, 

Visits — Nursing 
"      Friendly  and 
Advisory 

Office  Dressings, 

Reported  by 

Charitable  Organizations, 

Families  and  Neighbors, 

Physicians, 

Total 
Disposition. 

Cured, 

Department  of  Health, 

Died, 

Dismissed,  (no  illness) 

Dispensaries, 

Hospitals, 

Special  care,  (other  than  trained  nurse) . 

Special  Nurse, 

Remaining  under  treatment 

Total 


Diagnosis. 

Abscesses, 

Alcoholism, 

Burns, 

Meningitis, 

Obstetrical  Cases, 

Pneumonia, 

Rheumatism, 

Typhoid, 

Tuberculosis, 

Ulcers, 

Cardiac  Diseases, 

Contagious  Diseases, 

Eye  Diseases, 

Gynecological  Diseases,. 

Unclassified  Medical,... 

"  Surgical,... 

No  Illness, 


Total 


37 


PART  II 
DIRECTORY  AND  STATISTICAL  TABLES 


UNIVERSITY 

Of 


DIRECTORY 


ALABAMA 
BIRMINGHAM 

The  Graduate  Nurses'  Association,  20th  Street  and  Avenue  F. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two;  one  white  and  one  colored. 

Salaries:  $60  and  $35. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  work  among  the  people  of  their  own  race. 
For  contagious  cases,  a  third  nurse  is  engaged  at  the  regular 
rates,  $25  per  week,  and  is  retained  as  long  as  necessary. 

CALIFORNIA 
BERKELEY 

Board  of  Education,  and  the  Charity  Organization  Society, 
2008  University  Avenue. 

Established  school  nursing  April  4,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  salary  is  paid  partly  by  the  Board  of 
Education,  and  partly  by  the  Charity  Organization  Society. 
The  work  in  the  schools  is  followed  up  in  the  homes,  and  the 
mothers  are  instructed  in  the  care  of  their  children.  If  at  any 
time  the  home  visits  make  the  work  too  heavy  for  the  school 

41 


• 


CALIFORNIA 

nurse,  a  pupil  from  one  of  the  hospitals  assists  for  a  certain  num- 
ber of  hours  each  day.  For  contagious  cases,  a  special  nurse  is 
provided,  whose  salary  is  paid  by  the  Charity  Organization 
Society.  In  connection  with  the  home  work,  a  supply  closet 
is  maintained,  which  furnishes  bedding,  gowns,  and  sick-room 
comforts  for  those  who  are  unable  to  buy  them. 

LOS  ANGELES 

|  Board  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Plan  of  Work:  In  May,  1903,  school  nursing  was  started  experi- 
mentally by  one  of  the  College  Settlement  nurses,  under  the 
supervision  of  the  health  officer.  In  1904  a  special  school  nurse 
was  appointed  by  the  city  to  take  up  the  work  systematically. 
There  are  now  four  on  the  staff,  one  of  whom  inspects  the  chil- 
dren in  the  day  nurseries,  children's  hospitals,  etc. 

Instructive  District  Nursing  for  the  City  of  Los  Angeles,  College 
Settlement,  428  Alpine  Street. 

Established  in  March,  1898. 

Number  of  nurses :  Five. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Sundays  and  evenings  are  free.  One 
half  day  off  duty  twice  a  month. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  December,  1897,  the  College  Settle- 
ment appealed  to  the  city  council  to  appropriate  a  monthly 
allowance  of  $50  for  the  salary  of  a  district  nurse.  The  request 
was  granted,  and  Los  Angeles  became  the  first  city  in  America 
to  establish  municipal  visiting  nursing.  A  monthly  allowance 
of  $50  was  made,  which  was  in  1903  increased  to  $75.  The 
city  now  supports  five  district  nurses,  all  of  whom  work  under 
the  supervision  of  the  College  Settlement. 

42 


CALIFORNIA 

Work  began  in  the  public  schools  in  1903.  In  conjunction  with 
the  city  health  officer,  the  settlement  furnished  statistics  and  re- 
ports which  led  to  the  appointment  of  the  first  school  nurse,  in 
September,  1904.  There  are  now  four  school  nurses,  who  visit 
in  all  the  schools  of  the  city  except  three.  These  three  schools 
are  retained  by  the  College  Settlement  nurses,  who  report  to  the 
city  health  board.  Two  settlement  nurses  have  call  stations  at 
the  Recreation  Center,  St.  John  and  Holly  Streets,  and  at  Public 
Playground  No.  1.  These  stations  were  built  especially  for  the 
nurses,  and  serve  as  offices  and  medical  dispensaries. 

The  tuberculosis  service  is  very  extensive.  The  nurses  work  in 
conjunction  with  the  Helping  Station  of  the  Anti-Tuberculosis 
League,  caring  for  all  bedridden  patients,  and  for  those  in  the 
third  stage  of  the  disease.  The  ambulatory  cases  are  referred  to 
the  Helping  Station. 

The  maternity  work  is  well  systematized,  nearly  all  of  the 
obstetrical  cases  among  the  poor  of  the  city  being  cared  for. 

The  nurses  give  their  services  in  three  medical  dispensaries 
and  care  for  all  patients  who  attend  the  clinics.     Calls  are 
answered  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  but  the  second,  seventh,  eighth, 
and  ninth  wards  are  considered  the  regular  districts. 

Los  Angeles  Society  for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tubercu- 
losis, 737  Buena  Vista  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $35  per  month. 

Hours:  8  to  11:30  four  mornings  of  each  week. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  all  the  patients  who  attend  the 
clinics,  and  when  necessary,  obtains  relief  for  them  from  other 
societies.  There  are  also  lay  visitors  who  assist  in  the  social 
and  educational  part  of  the  work. 

MONROVIA 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Myrtle  Avenue. 
Established  May  1st,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One.  • 

43 


CALIFORNIA 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  with  room,  heat,  light  and  conveyance. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon. 

Plan  of  Work:  At  the  nurse's  home  is  a  rest  room  for  the  public; 
also,  an  employment  bureau  carried  on  under  the  auspices  of 
the  churches.  A  relief  committee  takes  charge  of  indigent  cases 
and  gives  necessary  help. 

OAKLAND 

Associated  Charities,  808  Broadway. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  11,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:    $75  per  month. 

Hours:  About  eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  a  municipal  employe,  being  appointed 
by  the  Municipal  Board  to  work  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Associated  Charities.  The  work  is  extending  so  rapidly  that  the 
association  is  planning  an  arrangement  by  which  pupil  nurses 
from  one  of  the  hospitals  may  assist  the  city  nurse.  Sputum 
cups,  clothing,  nourishment,  and  medicines  are  provided  for 
tuberculous  patients  when  necessary. 

Fabiola  Hospital  Association,  Broadway  and  Moss  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1894. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  are  assigned  for  a  certain  time  to 
the  district  work  as  a  part  of  their  training. 

PASADENA 
Associated  Charities  of  Pasadena,  Room  3,  City  Hall. 
Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  in  April,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  4:30  p.  m. 

44 


CALIFORNIA 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,   and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Senior  pupils  from  the  Pasadena  Hospital  are  sent 
out  in  rotation  for  this  service.  A  large  part  of  the  work  con- 
sists of  visiting  and  helping  the  many  tuberculous  patients  who 
go  to  Pasadena  from  other  states.  A  small  health  camp  has 
been  established  with  accommodations  for  three  patients  who 
are  able  to  be  up  and  take  care  of  themselves.  The  Associated 
Charities  provides  food  and  laundry  for  the  camp,  and  assists 
patients  needing  material  aid.  A  loan  closet  is  maintained,  with 
bedding  for  patients  living  in  tents.  The  public  schools  are 
asked  to  supply  eggs,  one  school  after  another  contributing  in 
turn.  Each  pupil  brings  one  or  more  eggs,  and  in  this  way  many 
dozens  are  received  daily  for  the  use  of  patients. 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
Associated  Charities  of  San  Francisco,  Visiting  Nurse  Depart- 
ment, 1500  Jackson  Street. 

Established  in  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Association  for  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis. 

Plan*of  Work:  One  nurse  works  in  connection  with  two  societies; 
the  larger  part  of  her  salary  is  paid  by  the  Associated  Charities, 
the  remainder  by  the  Association  for  the  Study  and  Prevention 
of  Tuberculosis.  All  tuberculous  cases  are  visited  by  one  nurse; 
the  other  nurses  care  for  the  general  medical,  surgical,  and  ob- 
stetrical cases  that  may  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Asso- 
ciated Charities.  Adequate  relief  is  given  to  all  who  need  more 
than  professional  care. 

Cathedral   Mission  of  the  Good  Samaritan,   Visiting  Nurse 
Department,  246  Second  Street. 
Established  in  1895. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

45 


CALIFORNIA 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Episcopal  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  dispensary  is  maintained  in  charge  of  physicians, 
where  minor  operations  are  performed  and  eye  and  ear  clinics 
are  held.  The  nurse  visits  the  kindergarten,  Boys'  Home,  and 
day  nursery  in  her  district.  She  finds  employment  for  people 
needing  work,  sends  convalescents  to  country  homes,  and  does 
fresh  air  work  in  the  summer.  Supplies  of  all  kinds  are  kept  on 
hand  to  loan  or  give  away. 

Hale  Brothers,  979 — 987  Market  Street. 

This  department  store  engaged  a  graduate  nurse  August  12,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  cares  for  the  health  of  the  five  hundred 
employes,  and  assists  customers  who  may  be  taken  ill  in  the 
store.  The  firm  maintains  an  emergency  hospital  in  the  build- 
ing where  cases  of  sudden  illness  may  be  cared  for  temporarily. 
Calls  are  often  made  upon  employes  in  their  homes,  and  in 
urgent  cases,  the  nurse  sometimes  spends  the  night.  Talks  on 
personal  hygiene  are  given  to  the  girls  and  young  women,  and 
there  are  many  opportunities  for  service  on  social  lines. 

Nurses'  Settlement,*  7th  and  Iowa  Streets. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1898. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous.    Special    nurses    engaged    for    contagious    patients. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  settlement  was  started  by  Miss  Octavia  Briggs, 
who  acts  as  headworker.     The  residents  are  auxiliary  inspectors 

*  This  settlement  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

46 


CALIFORNIA 


under  the  Board  of  Health.  Aside  from  the  regular  nursing 
visits  made  in  the  neighborhood,  first  aid  cases  are  cared  for  at 
the  settlement  dispensary. 

The  settlement  is  used  as  a  civic,  educational  and  social  centre. 
An  active  part  is  taken  in  the  affairs  of  the  community.  Clubs 
and  classes  for  boys,  girls,  and  adults  are  held.  The  Potrero 
Woman's  Club,  composed  of  60  members,  was  organized  for 
civic  improvement  and  mutual  benefit.  Laboring  people  from 
all  parts  of  the  city  turn  to  the  nurses  for  help  in  times  of  trouble 
and  need.  Homeless  and  deserted  children  are  taken  into  the 
family  until  other  homes  may  be  found  for  them.  The  settle- 
ment is  in  close  co-operation  with  the  Juvenile  Court,  Associated 
Charities,  public  schools,  and  churches.  The  Superior  Court 
recently  placed  a  boy  on  three  years'  probation  with  the  head- 
worker.  The  guest  room  is  used  for  emergency  cases,  and  for 
worn  out  mothers;  also,  young  girls  needing  rest  and  care  are 
taken  in  for  short  periods  of  convalescence. 

St.  Francis  Hospital,  2868  California  Street 

Established  visiting  nursing  for  the  senior  pupils  in  July,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three — pupils. 

Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  at  night. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  University  of  California  Medical  School. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1906  the  pupil  nurses  were  sent  for 
one  month  to  the  St.  Francis  Maternity  Hospital,  where  the  work 
consisted  entirely  in  attending  district  cases  under  the  direction 
of  the  physician  in  charge.  In  1907,  the  Maternity  Hospital 
affiliated  with  the  medical  School  of  the  University  of  California. 
Three  pupils  are  now  detailed  in  turn  to  the  University  Hospital, 
each  serving  for  two  months  in  the  maternity  wards  and  one 
month  in  the  district  work  already  mentioned,  as  a  part  of  the 
training  school  course. 

St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1195  Valencia  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 
Hours:  Irregular;  calls  are  answered  by  night  and  day. 

47 


CALIFORNIA 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  The  San  Francisco  Maternity  Hospital. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  part  of  the  obstetrical  training  given  at 
the  University  of  California  Hospital,  by  which  pupils  from  out- 
side hospitals  have  two  months  in  ward  work  and  one  month  in 
the  districts.     St.  Luke's  nurses  have  this  service  in  rotation. 

San  Francisco  Association  for  the  Prevention  and  Study  of 
Tuberculosis,  162  Post  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  18,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — a  supervisor  and  an  assistant  nurse. 

Salaries:  $100  and  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  :  30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Associated  Charities. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  A  tuberculosis  clinic  was  opened  on 
January  18,  1909,  in  temporary  quarters  at  the  Telegraph  Hill 
Neighborhood  Association.  The  nurses  attend  the  clinics,  visit 
the  patients  in  their  homes,  and  work  along  preventive  lines, 
urging  out-of-door  living  and  sleeping.  They  enforce  sanitary 
regulations  which  will  protect  the  patient,  family,  and  the  com- 
munity at  large.  They  co-operate  with  the  Board  of  Health, 
report  unsanitary  houses  or  surroundings,  new  cases  of  tubercu- 
losis that  they  may  find,  and  removals  of  patients  to  other  lo- 
calities in  order  that  the  vacated  premises  may  be  disinfected. 
The  nurses  stimulate  the  patients  to  carry  out  the  doctors'  in- 
structions, and  every  effort  is  made  to  procure  financial  assis- 
tance for  those  who  cannot  otherwise  follow  their  advice.  Leaf- 
lets of  instruction  are  distributed  among  the  patients  and  their 
families. 

In  homes  where  pronounced  cases  of  tuberculosis  exist,  the 
nurses  frequently  find  new  cases  in  the  incipient  stages  of  the 
disease.  These  they  send  to  the  physicians  at  the  clinics,  and 
the  cure  is  begun,  often  before  the  patients  realize  that  they  have 
become  infected  with  the  disease.  Sputum  cups,  paper  nap- 
kins, disinfectants,  milk  and  eggs,  are  given  to  people  unable  to 
buy  them  in  proper  quantities.     Reclining  chairs  are  loaned, 

48 


CALIFORNIA 

and  out-of-door  life  and  rest  are  urged  whenever  it  is  possible  for 
the  patient  to  take  them. 

San  Francisco  Maternity,  1195  Valencia  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  6,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  training  is  part  of  the  obstetrical  work  given 
to  the  pupils  of  the  California  Hospital. 

San  Francisco  Medical  Inspection  of  Schools,  Department  of 
Public  Health,  Butler  Building. 

Established  visiting  nursing  August  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  :  45  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  report  at  specified  schools  at  8  :  45  a.  m. 
They  examine  all  pupils  sent  them  by  the  principals,  carry  out 
whatever  orders  may  be  given  by  the  school  physicians  for  treat- 
ment in  the  school,  and  refer  other  cases  to  dispensaries  or 
family  physicians.  Cultures  are  taken  of  suspected  throats,  and 
sent  to  the  Board  of  Health.  All  contagious  cases  are  excluded 
and  referred  to  the  Board  of  Health.  Visits  to  the  homes  of  the 
children  needing  care,  and  to  those  of  truants,  are  made  in  the 
afternoons  and  on  Saturday  mornings.  Cases  of  cruelty  to 
children  are  reported  to  the  Juvenile  Court.  Families  in  need 
of  material  assistance  are  referred  to  the  charitable  agencies. 
The  nurses  are  supervised  by  the  medical  inspector. 

The  Telegraph  Hill  Neighborhood  House,  1736  Stockton  Street. 
Established  in  1890. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical    medical,  and  tuberculous. 
4  49 


CALIFORNIA 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Neighborhood  House,  established 
by  Miss  Elizabeth  Ashe,  was  at  first  intended  for  the  benefit  of 
the  children  of  the  neighborhood.  In  1903,  after  Miss  Ashe 
had  taken  a  nurses'  course  in  the  Presbyterian  Hospital  in  New- 
York  City,  its  scope  was  enlarged.  A  larger  house  was  secured, 
visiting  nursing  was  organized,  and  a  dispensary  was  opened. 
The  earthquake  and  devastating  fire  of  1906  checked  the  growth 
of  the  work,  destroyed  the  house,  and  scattered  the  people  in  that 
part  of  the  city.  The  settlement  was  soon  re-opened,  however? 
in  Stockton  Street,  in  more  commodious  quarters,  with  a  dis- 
pensary, carpentry  shop,  gymnasium,  club  rooms  for  boys  and 
girls,  and  two  separate  flats  for  resident  workers.  A  loan  closet, 
supplied  by  the  Needlework  Guild,  furnishes  bed  linen  and 
clothing  for  the  sick.  The  experiment  of  visiting  nursing  in  the 
public  schools  was  first  made  by  the  settlement,  then  taken  over 
by  the  city.  A  nurse  from  the  dispensary  still  visits  the  kinder- 
gartens regularly. 

A  farm  of  120  acres  is  an  important  adjunct  of  the  settlement. 
It  is  used  for  a  convalescent  home  where  patients  may  be  accom- 
modated, and  also  as  a  vacation  camp.  The  farm  is  made 
partly  self-supporting  by  the  sale  of  its  products. 

SAN  JOSE 
The  Good  Cheer  Club,  Room  16,  Letitia  Building. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Two  half  days  free  from  duty  each 
month.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. A  special  nurse  is  sometimes  engaged  for  contagious 
patients. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  enables  the  nurse  to  supply  needed 
sick-room  appliances.  Sputum  cups  and  nourishment  are  given 
when  necessary.  A  charge  of  $.50  is  made  to  all  patients  who 
can  afford  to  pay  for  the  nurse's  services. 

50 


CALIFORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 
Santa  Barbara  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Office  at  Neighbor- 
hood Club,  H^aley  and  S.  Barbara  Streets. 

Established  November  i,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carriage  expenses. 

Hours:  Eight  hours  daily.  Only  very  ill  patients  are  visited  on 
Sundays  and  holidays. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  association  is  closely  allied  with 
the  St.  Cecelia  Club,  which  was  started  in  1892  for  the  purpose 
of  providing  hospital  care  for  patients  who  were  unable  to  pay 
the  usual  fee  charged  by  the  hospitals.  The  club  also  provided 
nursing  care  for  patients  in  private  homes.  The  visiting  nurse 
now  takes  charge  of  all  such  patients,  and  follows  up  convales- 
cent cases  discharged  from  the  hospital.  Emergency  calls  are 
answered  at  night.  If  more  than  an  occasional  night's  work  is 
required,  the  association  provides  a  relief  nurse.  A  loan  closet 
supplies  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  many  sick-room  appliances. 
Maternity  outfits  are  provided  for  obstetrical  cases;  sputum  cups, 
disinfectants  and  hammocks  for  tuberculous  patients. 

The  association  has  also  undertaken  nursing  in  connection  with  the 
public  schools.  The  nurse  visits  certain  schools  each  day,  re- 
ceives the  names  of  all  pupils  who  may  be  absent  on  account  of 
illness,  visits  them  in  their  homes,  and  sees  that  they  return  to 
school  at  the  earliest  possible  time.  There  is  as  yet  no  medical 
inspection  of  the  pupils,  therefore  the  nurse  makes  no  attempt 
to  examine  or  care  for  the  children  who  remain  in  the  class- 
rooms. 

SAN  MATEO 
St.  Matthew's  Visiting  Nurse,  Red  Cross  Hospital. 
Established  in  April,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

51 


COLORADO 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Funds  were  given  by  a  philanthropic  person  to 
start  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  the  parish  work  of  St. 
Matthew's  Church,  though  not  confined  to  parish  cases.  Calls 
are  accepted  from  the  sick  and  needy  in  all  parts  of  the  town,  and 
in  outlying  districts.  For  long  distances  the  nurse  uses  a  wheel. 
A  supply  closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  clothing  of  all  kinds,  sick- 
room appliances,  sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,  reclining  chairs, 
etc.  Nourishment  is  supplied  to  patients  who  are  very  ill  and 
unable  to  purchase  it.  A  small  and  perfectly  equipped  hospital 
has  been  built  on  the  church  grounds,  and  patients  requiring 
constant  care,  or  surgical  operations  may  be  sent  there.  A 
second  nurse  is  in  charge  of  the  hospital. 

COLORADO 
COLORADO  SPRINGS 

St.  Stephen's  Church.* 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  with  board  and  room. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Tuberculous  cases  predominate,  as  patients  are 
sent  to  Colorado  Springs  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

DENVER 
Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Denver,  1434  Glenarm  Street. 
Established  in  the  fall  of  1892. 
Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salary:  $55  per  month  for  the  first  year;  $60  thereafter. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

*  This  church  has  not  replied  to  late  communications . 

52 


COLORADO 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  remains  in  the  office  during  the  morning 
to  receive  calls  and  see  patients.  She  attends  the  clinic  at  the 
Free  Dispensary  from  12  to  i  p.  m.,  and  in  the  afternoon  visits 
patients  in  their  homes.  A  supply  closet  furnishes  bed  linen 
and  clothing,  to  loan  or  to  give  away. 

PUEBLO 
School  District  No.  20.     Department  of  Education,  Visiting 
Nurse  Department. 

Established  January  5,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $1200  per  annum,  and  three  months'  vacation  in  summer. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays 
free  from  duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  refers  to  the  city  or  county  physicians 
all  children  who  show  symptoms  of  illness  or  physical  defects. 
She  visits  the  homes  after  school  hours,  explains  to  the  parents 
the  necessity  of  having  the  children  cared  for  by  a  doctor,  and 
follows  up  such  cases  until  they  have  received  treatment  and 
are  ready  to  return  to  school.  Talks  are  given  in  the  school- 
room on  general  cleanliness  and  personal  hygiene,  care  of  teeth, 
skin,  hair,  etc. 

Children  with  symptoms  of  contagious  disease  are  reported  to 
the  health  officer,  who  takes  charge  of  the  case  and  gives  the  cer- 
tificate permitting  the  child  to  return  to  school  after  the  quar- 
antine has  been  raised.  An  efficient  truant  officer  looks  after 
all  absentees,  and  reports  cases  of  illness  to  the  school  nurse, 
who  visits  the  home  on  the  same  day.  All  cases  of  destitution 
found  by  the  nurse  among  the  school  children  are  reported  to 
the  truant  officer,  who  supplies  clothing  at  the  expense  of  the 
school  district. 


53 


CONNECTICUT 

CONNECTICUT 
ANSONIA 
See  Derby. 

BIRMINGHAM 
See  Derby. 

BRIDGEPORT 

Fairfield    County    Anti-Tuberculosis    Association,    Charities 
Building. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  July,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  is  in  charge  of  the  dispensary  clinics 
which  are  held  during  the  day,  and  in  the  evening  to  accom- 
modate patients  who  work.  A  second  nurse  visits  the  homes, 
gives  nursing  care  to  bed  patients,  and  instructs  the  families  in 
regard  to  the  proper  preventive  measures  to  take.  Gauze, 
sputum  cups,  disinfectants,  milk,  and  eggs  are  supplied.  A 
loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  clothing. 

BRISTOL 

Bristol  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  115  Maple  Street. 
Established  January  16,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes   of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  supplies  sick-room  appliances  of  all 

kinds,   bed   linen,   and   clothing.     Infants'   outfits,   jellies   and 

nourishing  food  are  furnished  when  necessary. 

BUSHY  HILL 

See  Simsbury. 

54 


CONNECTICUT 

DERBY 

District  Nurse  Association  of  Derby,  Ansonia,  and  Shelton. 

Established  February  I,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Emergency  and  loan  closets  are  supported  in 
Derby  and  Ansonia.  A  directory  of  fifteen  trained  attendants 
is  kept;  these  may  be  called  upon  to  supplement  the  nurse's 
work  where  constant  attention  is  needed.  They  work  under 
the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  nurse. 

EAST  WEATOGUE 

See  Simsbury. 

ENFIELD 

Visiting  Nurse  Department  of  the  Woman's  Club,  Enfield  St. 

Established  in  March,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  territory  extends  to  Thompsonville 
and  nearby  villages.  Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  all 
times.  Small  fees  are  asked  of  patients  who  are  able  to  pay  for 
the  nurse's  services,  the  income  received  from  this  source  being 
used  for  supplies,  milk,  eggs,  etc.  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed 
linen  and  clothing. 

FARMINGTON 

The  Gundy  Nurse. 

Established  April  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

55 


CONNECTICUT 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed   linen,   clothing,  and 

infants'  outfits.     Small  fees  are  charged  for  the  nurse's  services-. 

HARTFORD 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  124  Windsor  Avenue. 

Established  April  1,  1901. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salaries:  $60  and  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  nurse  is  sent  by  the  association  to  the  tubercu- 
losis clinics;  she  then  visits  the  patients  in  their  homes.  Pa- 
tients discharged  from  the  Hartford  Hospital  and  Wildwood 
Sanitarium  are  followed  up,  home  conditions  investigated,  and 
help  given  whenever  possible.  At  39  South  Prospect  Street  is 
an  apartment  of  three  rooms  which  is  used  for  a  tuberculosis 
class  and  for  social  club  work  among  young  men,  women,  and 
children.  The  association  hopes  to  have  in  the  near  future  a 
day  camp  for  summer  service. 

HOP  MEADOW 

See  Simsbury. 

HOSKINS 
See  Simsbury. 

LAKEVILLE 
Lakeville  Visiting  Nursing. 

Established  in  February,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

56 


CONNECTICUT 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous.  Contagious  cases  are  sometimes  visited  at  the 
end  of  the  day's  work,  and,  if  unable  to  do  more,  the  nurse 
gives  the  family  verbal  instruction  as  to  the  details  of  caring  for 
the  patient. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  accepted  from  the  people  of  the  near-by 
villages  of  Ore  Hill  and  Salisbury  as  well  as  from  the  Lakeville 
region.  A  horse  and  carriage  are  provided  for  trips  to  distant 
points.  A  sliding  scale  of  fees  for  the  nurse's  services  is  estab- 
lished, and  the  receipts  from  this  source  cover  the  expenses  of 
carriage  and  medicines. 

Much  friendly  visiting  is  done  to  "shut-ins", — aged,  infirm,  and 
chronic  patients.  An  emergency  fund  supplies  eggs,  and  some- 
times milk;  clothing,  bed  linen,  and  infants'  outfits  also  have 
been  supplied  on  occasion. 

MEADOW  PLAIN 

See  Simsbury. 

MIDDLETOWN 
District  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  November,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salaries:  $70  and  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours  daily. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses'  districts  extend  to  South  Farms  and 
Portland.  Loan  and  supply  closets  are  maintained  at  both 
Middletown  and  Portland.  The  use  of  a  horse  and  carriage  is 
given  by  the  association  for  long  distance  calls,  the  owners  of 
the  livery  stable  reducing  their  prices  for  this  purpose.  A 
charge  of  $.50  an  hour  is  the  standard  fee  for  the  nurse's  ser- 
vice, but  patients  may  give  less  or  nothing,  according  to  their 
means.  In  contagious  cases  the  nurse  instructs  the  family, 
and  gives  all  assistance  possible  without  personal  contact  with 
the  patient. 

57 


CONNECTICUT 

NAUGATUCK 

Naugatuck  Visiting  Nurse,  266  Church  St. 
Established  in  September,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  Irregular. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan   of   Work:  A   philanthropic   woman   entirely   supports   this 

work. 

NEW  BRITAIN 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  28  S.  High  Street. 

Established  January  3,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salaries:  $75  and  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  well  stocked  supply  closet  supplements  the  work 
of  the  nurse.  The  articles  are  loaned  or  given  away  according 
to  the  needs  of  the  case.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  blankets,  toilet 
articles,  babies'  outfits,  medical  supplies,  jellies,  magazines,  and 
toys  are  among  the  articles  kept  on  hand.  The  income  is  de- 
rived from  annual  membership  dues  and  patients'  fees.  The 
association  supplies  a  furnished  house  for  the  nurses.  A  class 
in  home  nursing  is  held  one  evening  each  week  during  the  winter. 

NEW  HAVEN 
Trinity  Parish  Deaconess  Work,  162  Temple  Street. 
Established  in  1895. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month  and  board. 
Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  at  all  times. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,  obstetrical,   conta- 
gious, and  tuberculous. 

58 


CONNECTICUT 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  200  Orange  Street. 

Established  in  the  summer  of  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four,  one  of  whom  is  a  pupil. 

Salaries:  $70  and  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  United  Workers,  Organized  Charities,  and 
Grace  Hospital. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  are  assisted  in  the  regular  visiting  work 
by  pupils  from  the  Connecticut  Training  School.  A  course  of 
six  weeks  is  given  each  senior  pupil,  under  the  supervision  of 
the  association.  Regular  visits  are  made  to  the  kindergartens 
and  day  nurseries  of  the  city.  The  United  Workers  and  the 
Organized  Charities  furnish  a  room  for  supplies,  and  also  the 
use  of  a  telephone.  The  training  school  of  Grace  Hospital 
furnishes  nurses  for  special  service  at  very  moderate  rates. 
People  interested  in  the  work  give  money  to  the  nurses  to  be 
used  at  their  own  discretion,  for  milk,  eggs,  and  other  neces- 
saries. In  June,  1908,  a  nurse  was  detailed  to  the  tuberculosis 
clinic  of  the  New  Haven  Dispensary.  Her  entire  time  is  given 
to  tuberculosis  work,  visiting  in  the  homes  and  keeping  careful 
records  of  each  case. 

NORWICH 

Norwich  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  United  Workers. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  of  this  hospital  are  sent  into  the 
homes  of  patients  for  general  visiting  nursing  work,  under  the 
supervision  of  the  United  Workers.  All  the  pupils  of  the  hos- 
pital are  detailed  to  this  service  in  rotation.  Whenever  pos- 
sible, a  fee  of  $.25  an  hour  is  charged  for  general  cases.     In 

59 


CONNECTICUT 

obstetrical  cases,  the  pupils  attend  the  confinement,  and  for  this 
service  the  fee  is  $1.00. 

The  United  Workers,  9  Washington  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1887. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Norwich  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  charitable  organization  set  apart 
as  a  "Visiting  Nurse  Fund,"  a  legacy  of  $1500  that  had  been 
bequeathed  to  it,  and  a  sum  of  $250  that  had  previously  been 
given  for  the  education  of  a  trained  nurse.  As  the  latter  sum 
was  not  needed  for  this  purpose,  a  trained  nurse  was  engaged 
to  visit  the  sick  poor  in  their  homes.  This  work  was  carried 
on  successfully  until  1893,  when  the  opening  of  the  William  M. 
Backus  Hospital  seemed  to  make  the  visiting  nurse's  service 
no  longer  necessary;  it  was  therefore  discontinued.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1908,  it  was  resumed  under  an  arrangement  with  the 
Hospital  for  the  Insane.  The  senior  pupil  nurses  are  given 
from  one  month  to  six  weeks'  training  in  this  service  under  the 
direction  of  the  physicians.  Medicines  are  sometimes  furnished 
by  the  association  for  very  needy'patients,  and  trained  attendants 
are  engaged  for  cases  requiring  constant  care.  If  the  patient  be 
a  man,  requiring  lifting,  a  man  nurse  is  engaged  for  a  limited 
time.  A  loan  closet  supplies  bed  linen,  clothing  and  sick-room 
appliances. 

ORE  HILL 

See  Lakeville. 

PORTLAND 

See  Middletown. 

SALISBURY 
See  Lakeville. 

60 


CONNECTICUT 

SHELTON 
See  Derby. 

SIMSBURY 
Simsbury  Visiting  Nursing  Association. 

Established  June  8,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month  and  expenses. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  tuber- 
culous, also  contagious,  exclusive  of  scarlet  fever,  smallpox, 
and  diphtheria. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Simsbury  is  a  rural  district  including 
twelve  small  villages:  Tariffville,  Hoskins,  Terry's  Plain,  Hop 
Meadow,  Center,  East,  and  West  Weatogue,  Bushy  Hill,  New, 
Union,  West  Simsbury,  and  Meadow  Plain.  The  nurse  responds 
to  calls  from  all  these  places,  and  travels  by  carriage — the  only 
means  of  conveyance.  Unless  patients  call  for  her,  the  associa- 
tion pays  the  cost  of  travel.  Only  calls  of  extreme  urgency  are 
answered  at  night.  A  charge  of  $.25  an  hour  is  usually  made 
for  ordinary  cases;  in  obstetrical  cases,  $2.00  at  the  time  of 
confinement  and  $.25  for  after  calls.  Massage,  $1.00  per 
hour.  For  operations  with  ether,  an  extra  charge  of  $.75  or 
$1.00  is  made.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  infants'  outfits  may  be 
loaned  or  given  to  patients  at  the  discretion  of  the  nurse.  A 
small  fund  has  been  established  to  purchase  milk,  eggs,  and 
other  nourishing  food  for  special  cases. 

SOUTH  FARMS 
See  Middletown. 

SOUTH  NORWALK 

Tuberculosis  Dispensary,  6  Pine  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  July  7,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

61 


CONNECTICUT 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  clinic  daily  from  12  to  1, 
and  spends  the  rest  of  the  time  in  visiting  the  homes. 

STAMFORD 
King's  Daughters  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  2  Rippowan  PL 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  affiliated  with  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
but  it  is  non-sectarian,  and  patients  who  do  not  belong  to  the 
parish  are  visited.  Special  care  is  given  to  tuberculous  cases. 
Sputum  cups,  milk  and  eggs,  meat,  etc.  are  supplied  to  patients 
unable  to  buy  them  in  sufficient  quantities.  A  small  camp 
accommodating  six  people  is  maintained  for  tuberculous  pa- 
tients.    A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  clothing. 

St.  John's  Episcopal  Church,  Woodland  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:     Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  supported  by  the  church, 
but  the  nurse's  services  are  not  limited  to  the  parishioners.  A 
small  fee  is  charged,  according  to  the  patient's  ability  to  pay. 
There  is  a  church  charitable  society  which  assists  in  the  care  of 
needy  patients,  and  provides  a  supply  closet  containing  malted 
milk,  soups,  jellies,  and  other  nutrients,  and  ordinary  drugs. 

TARIFFVILLE 
See  Simsbury. 

TERRY'S  PLAIN 
See  Simsbury. 

62 


CONNECTICUT 

THOMSON  VILLE 
See  Enfield. 

UNION 

See  Simsbury. 

WATERBURY 

Waterbury  Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  City  Hall  Annex. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Milk,  eggs,  medicines,  and  clothing  are  supplied 
when  necessary.  Beds  are  provided  to  enable  patients  to  sleep 
alone.  Financial  help  is  given  when  needed.  Patients  are 
sent  to  sanatoria  and  supported  while  there  either  by  the  league 
or  by  other  charitable  agencies.  Reclining  chairs  and  sick- 
room appliances  are  loaned,  and  out-of-door  sleeping  accom- 
modations, curtains  for  porches,  etc.,  are  provided  whenever 
possible. 

The  Waterbury  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Settlement  House, 
95  West  Main  St. 

Established  in  October,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three  in  winter,  and  four  in  summer.  In 
addition,  there  is  one  pupil  nurse  from  the  local  hospital. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  gives  her  entire  time  to  teaching  mothers 
how  to  care  for  their  babies  and  young  children.  A  milk  station 
is  to  be  established  in  connection  with  the  settlement,  and  also 
a  day  camp  for  sick  babies.  A  First  Aid  room  is  open  from  2  to 
4  p.  m.  where  surgical  dressings  are  attended  to.  One  nurse 
remains  in  the  settlement  all  day  to  receive  the  calls,  attend 
the  First  Aid  room,  and  see  the  neighbors  who  may  need  sym- 

63 


DELAWARE 

pathy  or  advice.  They  bring  many  problems  and  difficulties  to 
be  unravelled,  and  a  very  friendly  personal  relation,  as  well  as  a 
professional  one,  exists  between  the  nurses  and  the  neighbors. 
There  is  a  well-stocked  supply  closet  filled  with  bed  linen,  night- 
gowns, infants'  outfits,  and  all  kinds  of  sick-room  appliances. 
Nourishment  and  delicacies  may  be  provided  for  those  who  are 
very  ill.  Special  nurses  are  occasionally  supplied  in  critical 
cases.  Convalescent  patients  needing  building  up  are  sent  for 
two  weeks  or  more  to  the  vacation  house  of  the  association  in  the 
country.  Mothers  and  babies  are  also  sent  for  a  two  weeks' 
outing. 

DELAWARE 
WILMINGTON 

The     Associated     Charities,     Visiting     Nurse     Department, 
Associated  Charities  Building,  602  West  Street. 

Established  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $40  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  in  1901  by 
Bishop  Leighton  Coleman,  the  Babies'  Hospital,  St.  Michael's 
Day  Nursery,  and  the  Associated  Charities.  In  1903  it  was 
made  a  department  of  the  Associated  Charities,  and  a  school  for 
trained  attendants  was  organized. 

The  attendants  are  given  a  practical  course  of  six  months 
at  the  bedside,  under  the  instruction  of  the  head  nurse,  and  they 
receive  lectures  from  physicians.  At  the  end  of  the  course  the 
pupils  work  for  one  year  under  the  direction  of  the  school.  They 
are  then  given  certificates  as  attendants  fitted  to  care  for  pa- 
tients who  do  not  require  the  services  of  a  trained  nurse.  The 
school  reserves  the  right  to  select  for  one  year  longer  the  cases 
that  the  attendants  may  go  to,  and  stipulates  that  they  shall  not 
charge  more  than  $7.00  per  week.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
sick-room   appliances   are  loaned   when  necessary.    Financial 

64 


DISTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA 

help,  coal,  and  groceries  are  given  to  needy  patients  through  the 
Associated  Charities  relief  department. 

Delaware  State  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society,  602  West  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Milk,  eggs,  medicines,  sputum  cups,  and  paper 
napkins,  are  given  to  all  patients  who  cannot  obtain  them  in 
any  other  way.  The  Sunshine  Society  loans  wheel  chairs,  and 
tents  both  for  windows  and  for  living  out-of-doors.  Patients 
needing  hospital  care  are  sent  to  the  emergency  sanitarium  in 
the  suburbs.  A  free  dispensary  started  in  April,  1907,  is  main- 
tained at  602  West  Street.  The  work  is  supported  by  an  ap- 
propriation from  the  state,  and  by  the  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 

WASHINGTON 

Committee  on  Prevention  of  Consumption,  923  H  St.,  N.  W. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1908. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nursing  care  of  all  tuberculous  patients  under 
the  supervision  and  treatment  of  this  committee  and  of  the 
Free  Dispensary,  is  given  by  two  nurses  on  the  staff  of  the  In- 
structive Visiting  Nurse  Society.  Their  salaries  are  paid  by 
the  two  societies  equally. 

The  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Society,  2001-  I  Street,  N.  W. 

Established  in  February,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses :  Twelve. 

Salaries:  $30  to  $35  per  month,  with  board,  lodging,  and  uni- 
forms. 

Hours:  8  :  30  a.  m.  to  5  :  30  p.  m.     Only  very  ill  patients  are  visited 
on  Sundays.     When  possible,  one  half  day  off  duty  is  given  each 
week. 
5  65 


DISTRICT  OF   COLUMBIA 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous; advice  is  given  for  contagious  cases. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  work  under  the  direction  of  the  Visiting 
Physicians  of  the  Poor,  who  are  appointed  by  the  health  officer 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  They  report  at  the  police  precinct 
of  their  district  each  morning  and  receive  their  orders  from  the 
doctors  in  charge.  They  also  accept  calls  from  other  physicians, 
charitable  agencies,  and  individuals.  Books  for  registering 
calls  are  kept  at  the  police  stations,  at  the  society's  main  office, 
and  at  the  headquarters  of  each  nurse. 

There  are  ten  loan  closets,  one  in  each  district,  which  furnish 
all  necessary  articles  for  the  comfort  of  the  patients.  Milk 
tickets  are  given  by  the  Washington  Diet  Kitchen.  Ice  tickets 
are  also  at  the  disposal  of  the  nurses  for  all  patients  who  cannot 
afford  to  buy  their  ice.  This  is  made  possible  through  the  gen- 
erosity of  a  private  citizen. 

On  December  i,  1906,  one  of  the  staff  nurses  was  assigned  to 
the  Free  Dispensary  for  Consumptives;  now  two  nurses  care  for 
all  the  patients  of  the  Committee  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of 
Tuberculosis.  One-half  the  salary  of  these  nurses  is  paid  by  this 
committee.  The  other  half  is  paid  by  the  Instructive  Visiting 
Nurse  Association.  All  patients  are  supplied  with  sputum  cups, 
paper  napkins,  and  disinfectants.  Careful  instructions  are 
given  as  to  the  proper  care  of  themselves  and  their  families. 
The  Citizen  Relief  Association  supplies  milk  and  eggs  for  in- 
cipient and  hopeful  cases.  The  Washington  Diet  Kitchen  gives 
milk  to  more  advanced  patients.  Records  of  all  tuberculosis 
patients  are  kept  on  file  at  the  central  office,  2001-  I  St.  N.  W.; 
duplicate  records  are  sent  to  the  Free  Dispensary  for  Consump- 
tives. Compulsory  disinfection  is  enforced  both  after  death 
and  after  change  of  residence. 

One  of  the  staff  nurses  has  been  detailed  to  the  Health  Depart- 
ment to  look  up  newly  born  infants.  Each  birth  that  is  recorded 
at  the  health  office  is  reported  to  the  nurse  who  then  visits  the 
home.  She  explains  a  printed  list  of  suggestions  which  are 
issued  by  the  department,  and  which  give  simple  rules  in  regard 
to  the  feeding  and  general  care  of  infants.     She  examines  the 

66 


GEORGIA 

babies'  eyes,  and  if  there  is  the  slightest  indication  of  ophthalmia 
neonatorum,  the  child  is  given  prompt  and  effective  treatment 
by  an  expert  doctor. 

One  nurse  is  sent  to  the  South  West  Baby  Dispensary  for  the 
summer  months,  to  assist  at  the  clinics  and  to  visit  the  sick  babies. 

The  Red  Cross  Day  Camp  for  Tuberculosis  has  a  nurse  from 
the  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Society. 

School  nursing  has  been  started  experimentally,  with  the  hope 
that  the  District  of  Columbia  will  take  the  matter  up  in  the  near 
future,  and  will  appoint  a  special  corps  of  nurses  to  enlarge  and 
carry  on  the  work. 

Woman's  Home  Missionary  Society,  917  O  Street,  N.  W. 

Established  visiting  nursing  July  15,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  and  Deaconess 
Home. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  deaconess  is  a  trained  nurse,  and  is  in  residence 
at  the  Deaconess  Home.  Calls  are  answered  whenever  received, 
day  or  night. 

GEORGIA 

ATLANTA 

Atlanta  City  Public  Schools,  Office  of  Supt.  of  City  Schools. 

Established  school  nursing  March  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  assists  the  medical  inspectors  in  the 
physical  examinations  of  the  pupils,  attends  to  minor  surgical 
dressings  in  the  schools,  visits  the  homes  to  explain  to  the  parents 
the  physician's  instructions  and  the  necessity  for  following  his 
advice. 

67 


GEORGIA 

City  Mission  Board,  74  South  Boulevard. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  October,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $40  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  Fulton  Bag  Factory  and  Cotton  Mills. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1903  the  Woman's  Methodist  City 
Mission  combined  with  the  owners  of  the  Fulton  Bag  Factory 
and  Cotton  Mills  to  establish  a  settlement  in  the  mill  district. 
Shortly  after,  a  dispensary  was  opened  with  the  best  children's 
specialist  in  Atlanta  as  attending  physician.  Later,  other  phy- 
sicians and  specialists  offered  their  services,  and  as  the  work  grew, 
a  visiting  nurse  was  employed  in  October,  1905.  The  nurse 
lives  at  the  settlement  and  attends  the  clinics  which  are  held  three 
afternoons  each  week.  She  also  instructs  her  neighbors  in  the 
simple  laws  of  hygiene,  care  of  children,  and  other  necessary 
subjects. 

During  a  part  of  the  year  lessons  in  home  nursing,  sanitation, 
and  general  hygiene  are  given  to  a  class  one  afternoon  a  week. 
The  necessity  for  vaccination  is  explained  to  parents,  and  the 
nurse  sees  that  the  children  are  vaccinated. 

Dispensary  for  the  Home  Treatment  of  Tuberculosis,  704  Gould 

Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  April,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 
Hours  of  duty:  Irregular,  whenever  called. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  The  Associated  Charities  provide  necessary  medicines 

and  nourishment,  and  give  financial  help  to  destitute  patients. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  clinics,  assists  the  doctors, 

and  takes  the  patients'  histories.     Later,  visits  of  instruction  and 

supervision  are  made  in  the  homes. 


68 


GEORGIA 

First  and  Central  Presbyterian  Churches,  Nurse's  Headquarters, 
First  Presbyterian  Church. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  i,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Sundays  9  a.  m.  to  2  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  work:  There  is  a  supply  closet  in  both  churches  which 
enables  the  nurse  to  loan  bed  linen  and  clothing.  Medicines, 
milk,  and  eggs  are  sometimes  furnished,  especially  for  tubercu- 
lous patients. 

AUGUSTA 
Home  Comfort  Society,  Harrisberg  District. 

Established  June  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  The  society  is  affiliated  with  the  King's  Daughters 
and  Associated  Charities. 

SAVANNAH 

Mary  Maclean  Circle  of  King's  Daughters,  St.  Andrew's  Mission, 
Cor.  Zubly  and  Ann  Sts. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  food  are  supplied  when 
necessary.     Flowers  and  magazines  are  given  to  the  bedridden 
or  convalescent  patients.    There  is  a  room  at  St.  Andrew's 

69 


ILLINOIS 

Mission  where  the  nurse  attends  to  patients  requiring  minor 
surgical  dressings.  The  city  pays  the  association  $25  per  month 
for  the  nurse's  services. 

THOMASVILLE,  Grady  County, 
Pebble  Hill  Plantation. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  iqoq. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  by  the  owner  of  the  planta- 
tion. The  nurse  is  a  colored  graduate  who  cares  for  the  sick  and 
does  preventive  work  among  her  own  people  on  and  near  the 
Pebble  Hill  Plantation.  She  has  a  night  school,  principally 
for  people  who  are  too  old  to  attend  the  regular  day  school. 

ILLINOIS 
BLOOMINGTON 

Brokaw  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two;  a  supervisor,  and  one  senior  pupil  as 
assistant. 

Salary:  $50  per  month  for  the  supervisor. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  are  sent  to  obstetrical  cases,  and  to 
those  patients  who  cannot  be  admitted  to  the  hospital  or  who  may 
be  awaiting  admission.    No  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

CHICAGO 

Battle  Creek  Sanatorium,*  28  Thirty-third  Place. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses:  Six. 

*  This  sanatorium  has  not  replied  to  recent  communications. 

70 


ILLINOIS 

Salaries:  From  $25  to  $45  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  accepted  at  all  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  American  Medical  Missionary  College  supports 
the  visiting  nursing  work. 

Carson,  Pirie,  Scott  and  Company,  State  and  Madison  Streets. 

Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  in  their  store  September 
19,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  :  30  p.  m. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  has  charge  of  the  accident  room  which  is 
maintained  for  the  benefit  of  the  public;  the  other  looks  after 
the  welfare  of  the  employes,  visits  them  in  their  homes  when  ill, 
or  attends  to  minor  ailments  in  the  store.  This  nurse  takes  a 
special  interest  in  the  clerks  who  are  strangers  in  the  city  and  live 
in  boarding  houses;  befriending,  advising,  and  helping  all  who 
need  a  friend. 

Chicago  Lying-in  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  294  Ashland  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1894. 

Number  of  nurses:  Nine — pupils. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupil  nurses  are  sent  out  with  a  physician 
and  student  to  care  for  obstetrical  cases.  Calls  are  accepted  at 
all  times.  The  nurses  accompany  the  physicians  and  assist  at 
the  time  of  delivery.  Postpartum  visits  are  made  with  the  phy- 
sician and  students.  Clothing  for  mothers  and  babies  is  supplied 
in  destitute  cases.  There  is  an  emergency  fund  which  furnishes 
financial  help  when  needed.  In  connection  with  this  branch  of 
their  training  the  pupils  spend  one  month  in  the  Out-Patient 
Department. 

Chicago  Tuberculosis  Institute,  51  La  Salle  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  16,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  Nine;   one  supervisor  and  eight  assistants. 

71 


ILLINOIS 

Salaries:  $100,  $75  and  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  :  30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  assist  the  physicians  during  clinic  hours, 
and  later  visit  and  instruct  the  patients  in  their  homes.  A  uni- 
form system  of  records  is  kept,  and  a  card  catalogue  of  all  the 
homes  in  the  city  where  deaths  from  tuberculosis  occur.  The 
Department  of  Health  has  recently  taken  over  this  part  of  the 
work.  In  connection  with  the  institute  is  the  Edward  Sana- 
torium at  Naperville,  Illinois,  given  by  Mrs.  Keith  Spaulding 
in  1907.  This  is  for  the  treatment  of  men  and  women  with 
incipient  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Communication  with  dis- 
charged patients  is  maintained  by  means  of  letters  every  two 
months.  The  nurses  also  visit  these  patients  in  their  homes  to 
see  that  they  do  not  forget  the  lessons  taught  them  in  the  sana- 
torium, and  to  keep  records  of  the  results  and  permanency  of 
the  treatment. 

One  nurse  is  assigned  to  each  of  the  following  dispensaries: 

Polyclinic,  174  E.  Chicago  Ave.     Open  Tues.  and  Fri.,  2-3  p.  m. 
Central  Free  (Rush  Med.  Coll.),  757  W.  Harrison  St.     Wed.  and  Sat., 

10  a.  m.-i2  m. 
West  Side  (P.  and  S.  Coll.),  Congress  and  Honore  Sts.     Tues.  and  Fri., 

10  a.  m.-i2  m. 
West  Side  (Jewish  Aid  Society),  Morgan  and  Maxwell  Sts.     Mon.  and 

Thurs.,  3-5  p.  m. 
South  Side  (N.  W.  Univ.  Med.  School),  2431  Dearborn  St.     Mon.  and 

Thurs.,  10-12. 
Hahnemann  Hospital  Dispensary,  28 11  Cottage  Grove  Ave.     Mon.  and 

Thurs.,  2:30-4  p.  m. 
Stock  Yards  Dispensary,  823  W.  47th,  near  Halsted  Sts.     Tues.  and  Sat., 

9-10  a.  m. 

Department  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  October,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  41;  a  supervisor  and  40  assistants. 
Salaries:  $60  per  month  ten  months  in  the  year;  $75  for  supervisor. 
Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

72 


ILLINOIS 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1907,  during  an  outbreak  of  scarlet 
fever,  ten  nurses  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  staff  were 
placed  in  the  public  schools  to  aid  the  medical  inspectors  in 
coping  with  the  epidemic.  The  city  council  appropriated  an 
emergency  fund,  $1800  of  which  was  used  for  the  nurses.  In 
October,  1908,  the  Health  Board  created  a  temporary  school 
nursing  service  which  was  continued  and  made  permanent  in 
March,  1909.  This  was  accomplished  with  the  aid  of  the  Visit- 
ing Nurse  Association,  which  gave  up  several  of  its  most  expe- 
rienced nurses  for  the  school  work.  The  school  staff  is  now  com- 
posed of  civil  service  appointees;  they  work  under  the  medical 
inspectors,  assist  them  in  the  routine  examinations  in  the  schools, 
carry  out  their  orders  for  the  treatment  of  minor  ailments  of  the 
pupils,  visit  the  homes,  instruct  the  mothers  in  the  care  of  their 
children,  and  explain  the  necessity  for  operations  or  other  sug- 
gestions made  by  the  school  physicians.  They  report  home  con- 
ditions to  both  teachers  and  doctors,  insure  the  earliest  possible 
return  to  school  of  all  pupils  who  may  have  been  excluded,  and 
refer  to  the  proper  agencies  all  cases  of  destitution  and  want 
which  they  may  find. 

Olivet  House,  44  and  46  Vedder  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  September  10,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  religious  and  social  settlement,  having  a 
medical  department  and  a  corps  of  physicians.  There  is  a  small 
dispensary  open  daily  except  Sundays  from  8  to  9  o'clock.  The 
nurse  assists  the  doctors  during  the  dispensary  hour,  then  visits 
the  sick  in  their  homes. 

Presbyterian  Hospital  School  for  Nurses,  277  Ashland  Boulevard. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1903. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  whenever  received. 

73 


ILLINOIS 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Senior  pupils  and  nurses  taking  a  post-graduate 
course  accompany  the  physicians  and  attend  the  patients  during 
labor.  They  also  visit  each  patient  for  ten  days  following  de- 
livery, and  give  nursing  care  to  both  mother  and  child. 

Provident  Hospital  and  Training  School,  36th  and  Dearborn 
Streets. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  of  this  hospital  have  two  months' 
service  in  district  work  under  supervision  of  the  Visiting  Nurse 
Association. 

Two  days  of  each  week  are  spent  with  a  graduate  in  caring 
for  tuberculosis  patients,  attending  clinics  in  the  morning,  and 
visiting  in  the  homes  in  the  afternoons.  The  remainder  of  the 
week  is  spent  in  general  nursing  work  in  the  homes. 

University  of  Chicago  Settlement,  4630  Gross  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  June,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  settlement  is  situated  in  the  quarter  known  as 
the  stockyards  district;  the  nurse  is  a  resident,  and  her  salary  is 
paid  by  the  owners  of  the  stockyards.  As  infant  mortality  in 
that  part  of  town  has  been  great,  the  Department  of  Health  sends 
daily  lists  of  sick  babies  for  the  nurse  to  visit  in  their  homes. 
A  small  day  camp  is  maintained  on  the  settlement  grounds  in 
summer,  where  mothers  take  their  sick  babies  and  remain  through 
the  day. 

The  nurse  pays  especial  attention  to  teaching  of  mothers, 
following  up  the  cases,  securing  hospital  care  when  necessary, 
or  providing  medical  attention. 

A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  sick-room  appliances. 
When  the  families  are  able  to  pay,  a  small  fee  is  charged  for  the 
nurse's  services. 

74 


ILLINOIS 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  79  Dearborn  Street. 

Established  in  1890. 

Number  of  nurses:  37. 

Salaries:  $50  for  three  probationary  months;  $60  the  following  nine 
months;  $70  the  second  year,  and  an  increase  of  $5  annually, 
until  the  maximum  of  $85  per  month  is  reached. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Two  half  holidays  are  given  each  month. 
Only  very  ill  patients  are  visited  on  Sunday. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  association  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country. 
The  nurses  are  stationed  in  25  different  districts,  and  calls  are 
answered  in  Chicago,  South  Chicago,  Ravenswood,  and  Rogers 
Park.  Emergency  cases  are  cared  for  in  Austin  and  Oak  Park. 
A  nurse  is  employed  by  the  McCormick  Reaper  Works,  and  one 
by  the  Deering  Reaper  Works,  to  visit  sick  employes  and  their 
families.  One  nurse  is  in  charge  of  the  Social  Service  Department 
of  the  Children's  Memorial  Hospital.  Two  benefit  associations 
have  nurses  visit  and  investigate  members  who  report  themselves 
as  ill  and  unable  to  work.  Weekly  visits  are  made  to  every  day 
nursery  in  the  city;  the  children  are  examined  and  those  who  are 
ill  are  visited  in  the  homes. 

In  1904,  a  Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis  was 
formed  and  the  sum  of  $2,000  was  appropriated  by  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  to  help  carry  on  the 
work.  From  that  committee  the  Tuberculosis  Institute  grew, 
and  it  now  has  a  staff  of  seven  visiting  nurses  of  its  own. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  has  a  special  fund  for  its  tu- 
berculosis patients  from  which  milk  and  eggs,  bed  linen  and  cots 
may  be  supplied.  Sick-room  appliances,  bed  linen,  and  clothing 
are  loaned  to  all  patients  needing  such  help. 
A  colored  nurse  cares  for  colored  patients  exclusively. 
Following  is  a  list  of  the  sub-stations  where  the  nurses  have 
their  headquarters,  and  where  they  may  be  found  from  12  m. 
to  1  p.  m. : 

Central  Free  Dispensary  of  Rush  Medical  College,  Harrison  and  Wood 
Streets. 

75 


ILLINOIS 

McCormick's  Works,  Blue  Island  and  Western  Avenue. 

Children's  Memorial  Hospital,  Out-Patient  Department,  606  Fullerton 

Avenue. 
Deering  Reaper  Works,  East  Fullerton  Avenue  and  the  River. 
Haller's  Drug  Store,  474  W.  North  Avenue. 
Deering  Pharmacy,  876  Clybourne  Avenue. 
Martin's  Drug  Store,  92nd  and  Commercial  Avenue. 
Metz's  Drug  Store,  562  N.  Ashland  Avenue. 
Meyer  and  Johnson's  Drug  Store,  1077  Lincoln  Avenue. 

Pupils  from  the  Provident  Hospital  (colored)  are  given  six 
weeks'  training  in  district  nursing,  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  staff.  One  pupil  at  a  time  is 
detailed  for  this  work. 

School  nursing  was  the  outcome  of  an  epidemic  of  scarlet 
fever  in  February,  March,  and  April  of  1907,  when  the  city  coun- 
cil appropriated  an  emergency  fund  for  the  Department  of  Health, 
a  part  of  which  was  used  for  nurses  who  supplemented  the 
work  of  the  medical  inspectors.  Ten  nurses  from  the  Visiting 
Nurse  Association  staff  were  assigned  for  this  duty.  This  was 
the  initial  step  taken  toward  the  municipal  school  nursing  ser- 
vice which  was  organized  in  October,  1908,  by  the  Department 
of  Health.  To  make  the  experiment  as  effective  as  possible, 
some  of  the  most  experienced  visiting  nurses  were  assigned  to 
the  school  staff,  and  the  newer  nurses  were  taken  on  to  the  visit- 
ing staff.  Supervision  of  this  work  was  undertaken  by  the  Visit- 
ing Nurse  Association  under  the  direction  of  the  medical  in- 
spectors. 

EVANSTON 

Visiting  Nurse  Committee,  1330  Church  Street. 
Established  in  March,  1898. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  committee  raises  all  necessary  funds.     The 

76 


ILLINOIS 

chairman  acts  as  a  supervisor  of  the  nurse,  receives  her  reports, 
and  directs  her  in  her  work.  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for 
cases  of  severe  illness  needing  constant  care.  A  loan  closet 
furnishes  bed  linen  and  clothing.  Milk  and  eggs,  medicines, 
tents,  and  sputum  cups  are  supplied  to  tuberculous  patients. 

FREEPORT 

Young  Women  Workers'  Visiting  Nurses'  Association,  King's 
Daughters  Mission. 

Established  December  i,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:    One. 

Salary:  $30  per  month. 

Hours  of  duty:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  answered  at  all 
hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  Presbyterian  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen,  milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  by  other 
charitable  organizations  of  the  city. 

GALESBURG 
Galesburg  Visiting  Nursing  Association,  Cherry  Street. 

Established  August  24,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  well-stocked  loan  closet  provides  all  necessary 
supplies  for  the  sick  and  needy. 

MOLINE 
King's  Daughters  Union,   Visiting  Nurse   Department,   162 1 

Third  Avenue. 
Established  October  19,  1903. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

77 


ILLINOIS 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  closet  furnishes  sick-room  appliances 
which  may  be  loaned,  and  babies'  outfits  to  be  given  away  as 
needed.  The  Health  Department  requires  the  nurse  to  report 
typhoid  cases  if  more  than  one  case  occurs  in  the  same  building. 
Emergency  nurses  are  engaged  when  necessary,  and  they  work 
under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  visiting  nurse. 

All  patients  are  expected  to  pay  from  $.10  to  $1.00  per  visit; 
those  who  are  unable  to  do  so,  are  attended  free  of  charge. 

The  manufacturers'  and  fraternal  organizations  of  the  city 
have  presented  the  King's  Daughters  with  a  horse  and  buggy 
for  the  use  of  the  nurse,  and  the  city  bears  the  expense  of  caring 
for  them. 

PEORIA 

Associated  Charities  and  Philanthropies,  303  City  Hall. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  :  30  a.  m.  to  5  130  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Supplies  of  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  neces- 
sities are  maintained  by  the  visiting  nurse  committee.  Food, 
milk,  and  eggs  are  supplied  by  the  nurse  when  necessary.  A 
camp  for  sick  babies  is  open  during  the  summer  months. 

Peoria  Department  of  Health,*  City  Hall. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  : 30  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

*  This  department  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

78 


INDIANA 

Plan  of  Work:  Besides  the  tuberculosis  work,  the  nurse  instructs 
mothers  in  the  proper  methods  of  infant  feeding. 

QUINCY 

Quincy  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 
Established  August  i,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $85  per  month.. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  furnishes  all  necessary  supplies. 

ROCK  ISLAND 
Rock  Island  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  908  Twentieth  Street. 

Established  December  15,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month  and  transportation. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Only  patients  who  are  seriously  ill  are 
visited  on  Sunday. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  nurse  has  sick-room  appliances  and  bed  linen 
to  loan.  Clothing  and  nourishment  may  be  given  in  very  urgent 
cases. 

INDIANA 
EVANSVILLE 
Associated  Charities,  316  Sycamore  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1903. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Affiliations:  The  King's  Daughters. 

79 


INDIANA 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  rides  a  wheel,  and  in  this  way  easily 
covers  the  whole  city.  A  well-stocked  loan  closet  makes  it  possible 
to  supply  patients  with  clothing  and  other  necessary  and  useful 
things.  The  Girls'  Aid,  a  society  of  twelve  young  girls,  furnishes 
nourishment,  fruits,  and  delicacies,  and  provides  money  for 
medicines  when  necessary.  The  salary  of  the  nurse  is  given  by 
the  King's  Daughters. 

FORT  WAYNE 
The  Visiting  Nurse  League. 

Established  March  19, 1900. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $45  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  contagious  and  emer- 
gency cases  when  necessary. 

INDIANAPOLIS 
Department  of  Public  Health. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two  permanent;  five  others  in  summer. 

Salary:  $20  per  week. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  This  service  was  originally  intended  for  tuberculosis 
patients  only.  Instruction  and  nursing  care  are  given  to  all 
such  cases.     Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

In  the  summer  of  1908,  a  Pure  Milk  Commission  was  estab- 
lished for  the  distribution  of  pure  and  modified  milk  to  infants 
and  children  under  five  years  of  age,  and  the  Public  Health 
nurses  were  given  the  supervision  of  all  the  children  receiving  the 
milk,  and  nursing  care  of  all  the  children  who  were  ill.  In  con- 
nection with  this  branch  of  the  work  an  additional  staff  of  five 
nurses  is  employed  in  the  summer.  They  visit  the  homes  and 
instruct  the  mothers  in  the  care  and  proper  feeding  of  their  chil- 

80 


INDIANA 

dren.     One  milk  station,  supervised  by  the  regular  nurses,  is 
open  throughout  the  entire  year. 

Indianapolis  City  Dispensary,  Wabash  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  i,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  and  two  hours'  rest  at  noon.     No  visits 

are  made  on  Sunday. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

SOUTH  BEND 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,*  105  North  Lafayette  Street. 
Established    September,    1902;  incorporated,    1906;  reorganized, 

1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared    for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  The  Charity  Organization. 

TERRE  HAUTE 
The  Terre  Haute  Social  Settlement,  Visiting  Nurse  Branch, 

29  North  First  Street. 

Established  September  3,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  : 30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  clothing,  which 
may  be  loaned  or  given  to  all  needy  patients.  Aside  from  the 
usual  nursing  cases,  a  good  deal  of  work  is  done  among  tubercu- 
lous patients,  for  whom  sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins  are 
supplied.     Nourishment  also  is  given  when  necessary. 

*  This  association  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
6  81 


IOWA 

IOWA 

DAVENPORT 
Davenport  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  1901. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $80  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous.    An  extra  nurse  is  engaged  for  contagious  cases. 

DES  MOINES 
Bidwell  Deaconess  Home,  1155  East  9th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  23,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — a  graduate  nurse  and  deaconess. 
Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Board  of  Education,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  3  :30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  visit  all  the  schools,  examine  the  chil- 
dren, exclude  those  who  show  any  signs  of  contagious  or  infec- 
tious disease,  and  report  such  cases  to  the  Board  of  Health. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Des  Moines. 

Established  by  the  Registered  Nurse  Association  of  Des  Moines, 

July  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

82 


IOWA 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

FORT  DODGE 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  122  North  8th  Street. 

Established  in  September,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  for  the  first  year,  and  $70  thereafter. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Ingleside  Club. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Ingleside  Club,  a  women's  organ- 
ization, secured  the  co-operation  of  all  the  other  organizations  of 
women  in  the  city  in  raising  a  fund  of  $600  to  pay  the  salary  of  a 
visiting  nurse  for  six  months.  An  association  was  formed,  whose 
board  of  directors  is  composed  of  members  of  the  different  clubs, 
representation  being  based  upon  the  amount  contributed  by  each. 
A  small  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room 
appliances.  Malted  milk,  jellies,  and  other  delicacies  are  kept 
on  hand  to  be  given  as  needed. 

SIOUX  CITY 

Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Sioux  City,  608  Iowa  Building. 

Established  May  15,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  first  month,  $60  second  and  third  months,  $75  there- 
after. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sunday  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious 
and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Night  calls  are  answered  only  in  cases  of  extreme 
emergency.  The  nurse  attends  free  of  charge  all  persons  who 
are  unable  to  pay  for  her  services,  but  patients  who  can  do  so 
are  expected  to  pay. 


KANSAS,  KENTUCKY 

KANSAS 
TOPEKA 

The  Topeka  Provident  Association,  335  Jackson  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1896. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours  of  duty:  9  a.  m.  to  5  : 30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  conta- 
gious and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  special  nurse  is  engaged  for  contagious  cases. 
A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  infants'  outfits  and  sick-room 
appliances.  Special  diet,  milk  and  eggs  are  provided  when 
necessary.  For  tuberculous  cases  tents  are  provided,  porches 
enclosed,  etc.,  to  enable  patients  to  take  the  out-of-door  rest  cure. 
An  endowment  of  $300  per  year  is  devoted  to  special  needs  of 
the  patients. 

KENTUCKY 

HINDMAN,  Knott  County 
Women's  Christian  Temperance  Union  Settlement. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  August,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $40  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Hindman  is  a  small  village  forty-five 
miles  from  the  railroad,  in  one  of  the  most  isolated  parts  of  the 
southern  mountains.  The  settlement  house  is  a  large  log  cabin 
of  eighteen  rooms,  occupied  by  the  teachers,  visiting  nurse,  and 
the  pupils  from  the  distant  country  districts,  many  of  whom  work 
their  way  through  school.  There  is  a  school  building,  also  a 
two-roomed  log  cabin  built  by  the  pupils  for  a  manual  training 
shop.  The  nurse  takes  part  in  some  of  the  settlement  activities 
and  gives  practical  lessons  in  home  making  and  home  nursing 
when  not  away  on  her  long  rides  or  drives  over  the  mountains, 
visiting  and  nursing  her  patients. 

84 


KENTUCKY 

There  are  many  tuberculosis  patients  in  the  neighborhood, 
who  are  quite  ignorant  of  the  means  they  should  take  to  combat 
the  disease.  To  help  these  people  the  nurse  will  have  a  small 
tuberculosis  camp  and  exhibit  in  the  summer,  using  a  two-roomed 
cabin  furnished  only  with  things  that  may  be  bought  in  the  village. 
She  will  live  in  the  cabin,  and  with  the  aid  of  a  window  tent,  and 
other  simple  devices  which  the  people  can  easily  copy,  she  will 
demonstrate  what  may  be  done  in  the  mountains  to  prevent  and 
cure  tuberculosis.  She  has  photographs  and  charts  which  she 
will  explain,  which  show  clearly  the  nature  of  the  disease  and 
how  to  prevent  it.  Many  sick-room  supplies  have  been  fur- 
nished by  the  Hersey  School  of  Boston,  for  the  use  of  the  patients. 

LOUISVILLE 
Board  of  Tuberculosis  Hospital,  121  West  Chestnut  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  City  and  county. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  visiting  nursing  for  tuberculous 
patients  was  begun  by  the  Kentucky  Anti-Tuberculosis  Associa- 
tion on  June  1,  1907.  On  November  17,  1908,  the  work  was 
turned  over  to  the  Board  of  Tuberculosis  Hospital,  and  it  is 
supported  by  city  and  county  taxes.  Milk  and  eggs,  sputum 
cups,  clothing,  and  financial  aid  are  given  when  necessary  by  the 
Kentucky  Anti-Tuberculosis  Association.  Prescriptions  of  the 
dispensary  physicians  are  filled  by  the  City  Hospital. 

The  King's  Daughters  and  Sons,  512  Fourth  St. 
Established  in  1891. 
Number  of  nurses :  Three. 
Salaries:  $75,  $60  and  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

85 


LOUISIANA,  MAINE 

Plan  of  Work:  Two  of  the  nurses  are  white  and  one  is  a  colored 
woman.  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  contagious  cases,  and 
for  others  which  need  constant  care.  The  nurses  may  furnish 
anything  that  in  their  judgment  is  needed  for  the  patient's  com- 
fort, including  medicines,  nourishment   and  bed  linen. 


LOUISIANA 

NEW  ORLEANS 

St.  Marks  Hall,  621  Esplanade  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance. 

Hours:  Irregular:  calls  answered  when  received.     One  rest  day 

each  week  is  given. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  St.  Marks  Hall  is  situated  on  the  border  of  "  Little 

Italy,"  and  most  of  the  nurse's  patients  are  Sicilians. 

MAINE 

AUGUSTA 

The  Augusta  City  Hospital,  Corner  E.  Chestnut  and  Arsenal 
Streets. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours :  7  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  Ladies'  Hospital  Aid. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  are  given  this  service  in  rotation, 
and  have  two  months'  training  in  the  district.  The  Ladies' 
Hospital  Aid  and  other  friends  furnished  a  loan  closet,  and  keep 
it  supplied.  One  day  each  year  is  designated  as  "  Hospital  Day, " 
and  friends  from  far  and  near  donate  money  and  useful  articles 
for  both  the  visiting  nurse  and  the  hospital.     Babies'  outfits, 

86 


MAINE 

men's  night  shirts,  children's  flannel  robes,  etc.,  are  made  for 
the  patients  by  the  pupils  in  the  sewing  classes  of  the  public 
schools.  Small  fees  are  charged  by  the  nurse,  who  bases  the 
amount  upon  the  patient's  ability  to  pay. 

BIDDEFORD 

Trull  Hospital  Aid  Association,  Trull  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — senior  pupil. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  response  to  an  appeal  made  by  a 
committee  of  the  Trull  Hospital  Aid  Association,  the  state  legis- 
lature granted  the  sum  of  $1000  each  year  for  the  next  two  years 
to  establish  visiting  in  Biddeford  and  Saco.  The  senior  pupil 
nurses  are  given  three  months'  service  in  rotation  in  the  districts, 
supervised  by  the  superintendent  of  nurses.  When  the  work  is 
more  than  one  nurse  can  attend  to,  a  second  or  third  pupil  is 
sent  out.  The  district  extends  to  Saco.  A  loan  closet  furnishes 
bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

EASTPORT 
Eastport  District  Nursing  Association,  Key  Street. 
Established  in  December,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $55  per  month  with  board  and  laundry. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Affiliation:  Charity  Organization  Society. 

HOULTON 

Houlton  Woman's  Club. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  2,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

87 


MAINE 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  answered  at  all  times. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Sick-room  appliances,  bed  linen,  and  clothing  are 
loaned  whenever  necessary. 

PORTLAND 
Board  of  Health,  85  Market  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  largely  educational.  Patients  are  kept 
out-of-doors  as  much  as  possible,  and  in  a  few  cases  tents  are 
furnished.  Charts  of  the  city  are  kept,  showing  where  tuber- 
culous patients  have  lived.  Tenants  are  not  allowed  to  move 
into  a  house  that  has  been  occupied  by  a  tuberculous  person 
until  the  rooms  have  been  disinfected.  Most  of  the  patients  are 
now  treated  in  their  homes.  In  the  near  future  it  is  planned 
to  send  advanced  cases  away  for  the  safety  of  the  family  as  well 
as  for  the  benefit  to  the  patients  themselves.  Sputum  cups  and 
paper  napkins  are  given  to  those  who  cannot  buy  them.  Milk 
and  eggs  are  furnished  by  the  Diet  Mission  of  the  city,  at  the 
request  of  the  nurse.  Steamer  chairs  and  tents  are  loaned 
through  the  Tuberculosis  Class  of  St.  Luke's  Church. 

District  Nursing  Association  of  Portland,  Office  at  the  Maine 

General  Hospital. 
Established  in  March,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three,  two  of  whom  are  pupils  of  the  hospital. 
Salary:  $50  per  month  for  the  chief  nurse,  with  room  and  board  at 

the  hospital. 
Hours:  Eight  hours. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 


MAINE 

berculous  other  than  pulmonary,  which  are  referred  to  the  Board 
of  Health. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  largely  under  the  management  of  the 
hospital,  while  the  expenses  of  carrying  it  on  are  met  by  the  asso- 
ciation. The  association  also  pays  the  pupil  nurses  a  small  amount 
to  cover  the  actual  wear  and  tear  of  their  uniforms  in  their  dis- 
trict service.  Small  fees  are  collected  from  those  patients  who 
can  pay.  For  special  needs,  cases  are  referred  to  the  Associated 
Charities  and  Diet  Mission.  Unsanitary  conditions  are  reported 
to  the  Board  of  Health.  Milk  and  eggs  are  sometimes  supplied 
for  patients  who  need  them,  and  tents  loaned,  even  though  the 
case  be  under  the  care  of  the  Board  of  Health  nurse.  The 
visiting  committee  frequently  furnishes  clothing,  infants'  outfits, 
sheets,  towels,  etc. 

Portland  Tuberculosis  Class  Association,  139  Park  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $15  per  week. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Affiliations:  St.  Luke's  Episcopal  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  class  meets  in  a  room  in  St.  Luke's  Church 
which  has  model  equipment  for  such  work.  The  expense  of 
maintaining  it  is  met  by  private  subscription  and  entertainments. 
The  nurse  visits  the  patients  in  their  homes  and  instructs  them 
in  the  general  care  of  themselves  and  their  families.  The  asso- 
ciation supports  a  day  camp  in  the  summer.  Sputum  cups, 
steamer  chairs,  tents,  thermometers,  and  clothing  are  supplied, 
and  sometimes  balconies  are  built,  to  enable  patients  to  sleep  out- 
of-doors.     Milk  and  eggs  are  furnished  through  other  societies. 

SACO 
See  Biddeford. 


89 


MARYLAND 

MARYLAND 
BALTIMORE 

The  Babies'  Milk  Fund  Association  of  Baltimore,  804  Cathedral 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salaries:  $50  per  month  for  the  first  year;  $55  second  year,  and  $60 
thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical. 

Affiliations:  The  Thomas  Wilson  Sanitarium,  the  Federated 
Charities,  and  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  by  the  Thomas 
Wilson  Sanitarium  in  1904.  In  1906,  a  separate  association 
was  formed,  which  employs  three  nurses  throughout  the  year; 
they  are  supervised  by  the  head  nurse  of  the  Thomas  Wilson 
Sanitarium.  Each  nurse  has  charge  of  two  milk  stations; 
this  enables  her  to  keep  under  observation  every  child,  sick  or 
well,  that  receives  the  milk.  The  nurses  visit  the  homes  of  the 
sick  children,  and  mothers  are  instructed  in  the  proper  care 
and  feeding  of  their  babies.  A  uniform  charge  of  $.10  is  made 
for  a  day's  feeding;  but  mothers  who  are  unable  to  pay  this 
sum,  may  obtain  it  through  the  Federated  Charities,  the  Hebrew 
Benevolent  Society,  or  various  charitable  individuals. 

Department  of  Health,  City  Hall. 

Established  April  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $1000  per  year. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  inspection  of  houses  for  fumi- 
gation after  removal  or  death  from  tuberculosis  was  done  for 
two  years  by  the  nurses  of  the  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Asso- 
ciation. The  work  increased  so  rapidly  that  a  committee  from 
the  association  appealed  to  the  Board  of  Estimate  for  the  ap- 
pointment  of   two   municipal   nurses   to   do   this   work.     The 

90 


MARYLAND 

appropriation  was  granted  and  a  nurse  was  placed  in  charge 
of  this  new  department,  with  an  office  at  City  Hall.  The  nurses 
see  that  all  houses  from  which  tuberculous  patients  have  moved 
or  died  are  properly  fumigated.  They  select  the  rooms  to  be 
fumigated,  and  see  that  the  work  is  done  thoroughly. 

Department  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  February  i,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Five. 

Salary:  $600  per  year,  payable  semi-monthly. 

Hours:  9:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  School  nursing  was  established  through 
the  efforts  of  the  Arundel  Good  Government  Club,  a  well  known 
women's  club  of  Baltimore,  which  requested  the  school  board 
to  confer  with  the  commissioner  of  health  in  regard  to  organiz- 
ing a  school  nursing  service.  The  commissioner  accepted  the 
suggestion  and  the  work  was  undertaken  by  the  department  of 
health.  The  city  pays  the  salaries.  After  school  hours,  and  on 
Saturday  mornings,  the  nurses  make  visits  to  the  homes  of  the 
pupils,  explain  to  the  parents  the  necessity  of  having  their  chil- 
dren looked  after  by  a  private  doctor,  or  taken  to  a  dispensary 
physician.  They  follow  up  each  child,  and  in  case  of  exclusion, 
insure  his  return  to  school  at  the  earliest  possible  time. 

The  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  1123  Madison 
Avenue. 

Established  in  January,  1896. 

Number  of  nurses:  One  superintendent,  an  assistant  superintend- 
ent, and  13  nurses. 

Salaries:  $25  and  $30  per  month  with  board,  laundry,  and  carfare. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Maryland  Association  for  the  Prevention  and 
Relief  of  Tuberculosis. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  city  is  divided  into  districts,  and  each  nurse 
has  an  office  and  loan  closet  in  the  district  assigned  to  her.     She 

91 


MARYLAND 

is  at  her  office  to  receive  calls  at  9  a.  m.  and  1  p.  m.  every  day 
except  Sunday.  Seven  of  the  staff  do  general  nursing;  four 
specialize  in  tuberculosis.  This  special  work  was  started  in 
March,  1904,  by  Mrs.  Wm.  Osier,  who  raised  the  salary  for  one 
nurse.  Later  the  Maryland  Association  for  the  Prevention 
and  Relief  of  Tuberculosis  paid  the  salaries  of  three  more  nurses, 
all  of  whom  are  under  the  supervision  of  the  Instructive  Visit- 
ing Nurse  Association.  These  four  nurses  attend  the  tuber- 
culosis clinics,  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes,  and  report  a 
death  or  removal  to  the  Board  of  Health,  which  provides  for 
fumigation  of  the  rooms  or  house  left  vacant.  Sputum  cups, 
paper  napkins,  and  disinfectants  are  supplied  by  the  State 
Board  of  Health,  in  exchange  for  registration  and  careful  sta- 
tistics of  each  case.  The  Federated  Charities  and  other  agencies 
supply  milk,  ice,  and  eggs  for  patients  who  cannot  afford  to  buy 
them. 
The  nurses'  offices  are  located  as  follows: 

Northern  District,  Falls  Road  and  Third  Avenue. 
Northeastern,  Federated  Charities  Building,  1520  E.  Eager  Street. 
Eastern,  Maccabean  Settlement  House,  1204  E.  Baltimore  Street. 
Southeastern,  Christ  Church  Mission  House,  600  S.  Bond  Street. 
Southern,  Federated  Charities  Building,  1418  Light  Street. 
Southwestern,  Lawrence  House  Settlement,  816  W.  Lombard  Street. 
Northwestern,  Federated  Charities  Building,  2242  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

The  nurses  live  in  a  central  home.  Classes  in  home  nursing 
for  working  girls  are  held  there.  Talks  are  given  to  Mothers' 
Clubs  on  the  care  of  the  sick,  general  hygiene,  and  the  feeding 
of  children.  Instruction  is  also  given  to  caretakers,  some  of 
whom  are  trained  to  give  efficient  service  in  the  homes,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  nurses. 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Alumnae  Association,  Hourly  Nurs- 
ing, 2 19  J  East  North  Avenue. 
Established  in  November,  1897. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  Calls  are  answered  at  all  hours. 

92 


MARYLAND 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  intended  to  meet  the  demands  of 
patients  of  moderate  means.  The  usual  fee  is  $.75  per  hour  or 
fraction  thereof  until  6  p.  m.  After  that  $1.00  per  hour.  Special 
rates  may  be  made  for  operations  and  visits  at  night.  Addi- 
tional nurses  are  engaged  as  the  work  requires.  This  work  has 
been  most  successful  and  is  largely  self-supporting.  Any  deficit 
is  covered  by  funds  from  the  treasury  of  the  Alumnae  Association. 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Out-Patient  Obstetrical  Department, 

North  Broadway. 

Established  in  January,  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three — pupils. 

Hours:  About  eight  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  department  provides  free  professional  care  for 
women  in  child-birth.  The  patients  are  examined  when  they 
apply  at  the  Out-Patient  Department,  and  given  a  card  which 
they  send  to  the  hospital  when  the  obstetrician's  services  are 
needed.  A  physician  and  nurse  respond  to  the  call,  and  give 
after  care  as  long  as  it  may  be  necessary.  If  it  is  found  that  the 
patient  needs  hospital  treatment,  arrangements  are  made  for 
her  admission  to  the  maternity  ward.  The  pupils  who  are 
given  this  service  are  those  from  the  training  schools  of  other 
hospitals  which  do  not  include  obstetrics  in  their  curriculum. 
These  nurses  are  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  head  nurse 
of  the  maternity  ward;  they  are  given  two  weeks'  training  in 
the  ward,  and  ten  weeks  in  the  districts.  When  assistance 
other  than  professional  care  is  needed,  patients  are  referred  to 
the  Social  Service  Department  of  the  Hospital. 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Out-Patient  Orthopedic  Department. 

Established  in  January,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $40  per  month,  carfare,  and  all  living  expenses  at  the 
hospital. 

93 


MARYLAND 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  orthopedic  clinics  from  10 
a.  m.  to  1  p.  m.  four  mornings  in  the  week,  and  visits  the  pa- 
tients in  their  homes  the  remaining  time.  She  learns  home 
conditions,  refers  cases  to  the  Social  Service  Department  when 
they  require  assistance  which  lies  outside  of  her  province,  ex- 
plains to  parents  the  necessity  for  operation,  teaches  the  mothers 
how  to  adjust  braces,  and  urges  upon  them  the  necessity  for 
carrying  out  the  doctor's  orders. 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  The  Phipps  Dispensary. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $60  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Nursing  care  of  tuberculous  patients 
who  attended  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  Dispensary  was  first 
made  possible  by  a  fund  raised  by  private  subscriptions.  With 
the  opening  of  the  Phipps  Dispensary  in  1904,  a  second  nurse 
was  engaged,  and  the  salaries  of  both  nurses  are  now  paid  by 
Mr.  Phipps.  One  nurse  attends  all  clinics  held  at  the  dis- 
pensary, the  other  visits  the  homes,  and  teaches  the  patients 
how  to  care  for  themselves  and  prevent  further  contagion  in 
their  families.  A  special  fund  is  given  to  supply  the  patients 
with  street  car  tickets,  enabling  them  to  go  to  the  dispensary 
for  daily  treatment. 

The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  Social  Service  Department. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. ;  Sundays  excepted. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1901,  Dr.  Charles  P.  Emerson  or- 

94 


Of   TH€ 

UNIVERSITY 

Of 


MARYLAND 


ganized  the  students  of  the  Medical  School  into  a  student  board 
for  volunteer  district  work  in  connection  with  the  Charity  Or- 
ganization Society.  Though  the  hospital  patients  received  first 
attention,  the  service  was  not  restricted  to  them.  As  far  as  can 
be  ascertained,  this  was  the  first  step  toward  the  movement 
which  plays  such  a  prominent  part  in  the  development  of  hospital 
service  in  some  of  our  large  cities  today.  Student  boards  now 
meet  regularly  at  several  district  offices  under  the  chairmanship 
of  members  of  the  staff  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  who  are 
also  members  of  the  board  of  managers  of  the  Federated  Charities 
composed  of  the  A.  I.  C.  P.  and  the  Charity  Organization  Society. 
Cases  from  the  Social  Service  Department  of  the  hospital  are 
assigned  to  the  students. 

In  September,  1907,  the  hospital  authorities  engaged  a  social 
worker  of  large  experience,  who  should  have  daily  office  hours  at 
the  hospital,  and  to  whom  could  be  referred  patients  needing 
other  than  medical  help.  Upon  her  resignation,  in  the  following 
spring,  the  social  service  work  was  undertaken  by  a  nurse  who 
had  had  experience  in  social  work.  Her  hours  at  the  hospital 
are  from  10  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m.  The  patients  are  sent  from  other 
departments  to  her  and  to  her  volunteer  assistants ;  and  they  are 
visited  in  their  homes.  Each  case  is  studied  and  treated  accord- 
ing to  its  individual  needs,  and  careful  records  are  kept.  The 
department  aims  to  secure  proper  care  for  those  who  need  it, 
and  where  possible  to  restore  patients  to  a  position  of  self  support 
and  independence.  Sometimes  the  home  conditions  are  bad 
and  need  readjustment;  temporary  financial  assistance  is  given, 
employment  is  sought  or  changed,  nourishing  food  or  clothing  is 
secured,  and  neglected  children  are  cared  for;  aid  is  procured 
from  existing  charities,  relatives,  employers  and  others.  This 
department  is  not  a  branch  of  the  Federated  Charities,  but  works 
in  co-operation  with  it.  It  also  co-operates  with  a  board  of  young 
women  especially  interested  in  Jewish  patients,  who  meet  weekly 
at  the  hospital.  Patients  who  may  require  assistance  in  preserv- 
ing the  degree  of  health  which  they  have  attained  in  the  wards 
are  looked  after  upon  their  discharge  from  the  hospital. 


95 


MARYLAND 

The  Thomas  Wilson  Sanitarium,  303  N.  Charles  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1892. 

Number  of  nurses:  One  all  the  year;  three  others  in  summer. 

Salaries:  Superintendent,  $75  per  month;  assistants  $50  for  the 
first  year,  $55  the  second  year,  and  $60  thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical. 

Affiliations:  The  Babies'  Milk  Dispensary. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Thomas  Wilson  Sanitarium  for 
children  of  Baltimore  City  was  incorporated  in  1897  for  the 
purpose  of  "  securing  a  summer  retreat  for  sick  children  from  the 
heat  and  unhealthfulness  of  the  city,  and  such  kindred  sub- 
jects as  may  be  hereafter  determined  upon  by  the  corporation. " 
The  bequest  was  received  by  the  trustees  in  1880,  and  shortly 
after  a  site  of  210  acres  at  Mt.  Wilson,  eleven  miles  from  Balti- 
more, with  an  elevation  of  more  than  500  feet,  was  purchased. 
Here,  for  a  number  of  years,  children  were  brought  from  the 
city  each  day  and  returned  at  night  to  their  homes. 

In  1892,  hospital  buildings  suitable  for  the  care  of  about  40 
mothers,  60  infants  and  a  number  of  older  well  children  were 
erected  on  the  site  and  have  been  in  use  each  summer  since. 

From  the  beginning  in  connection  with  the  work  at  Mt. 
Wilson,  district  work  among  sick  children  in  Baltimore  has  been 
carried  on  by  the  sanitarium.  In  1904,  a  number  of  milk 
stations  were  started,  where  modified  milk  might  be  obtained 
at  minimum  cost.  This  work  is  now  done  by  a  separate  organ- 
ization— The  Babies'  Milk  Fund  Association.*  Seven  stations 
in  various  parts  of  the  city  are  maintained  throughout  the  year; 
in  summer  two  additional  stations  are  opened  in  the  city  parks. 
This  work  is  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  the  sanitarium 
district  nurse,  who  is  assisted  by  three  nurses  in  the  employ  of 
the  Babies'  Milk  Fund  Association.  During  the  summer 
months  when  the  work  is  increased,  three  additional  nurses  are 
employed  by  the  sanitarium.  The  babies  are  taken  to  the 
milk  stations  once  a  week  throughout  the  year  to  be  weighed  by 
the  nurse,  who  also  gives  the  mothers  instruction  in  the  proper 
*See  page  90. 

96 


MASSACHUSETTS 

feeding,  clothing,  and  general  care  of  their  children.  The  nurses 
visit  in  their  homes  all  sick  children  under  five  years  of  age. 
When  the  children  are  convalescent  and  sent  back  to  the  city 
from  Mt.  Wilson,  the  milk  mixture  that  was  found  suitable 
there  is  continued,  through  the  help  of  the  Milk  Association. 
The  nurses  of  the  Babies'  Milk  Fund  Association  have  charge 
of  two  stations  each;  the  supervisor  has  one. 
The  distributing  centers  and  hours  are: 

Station  Hours 

A      1520  E.  Eager  Street 12  to    1  p.  m. 

B        117  Aisquity  Street 9  to  10  a.  m. 

C      1418  Light  Street 9  to  10  a.  m. 

D       824  W.  Lombard  Street n  to  12  a.m. 

E      2242  Pennsylvania  Avenue 1  to    2  p.m. 

F        600  S.  Bond  Street 12  to    1  p.  m. 

G     3005  Fait  Avenue 10  to  11  a.  m. 

FREDERICK 
Frederick  County  Branch  of  the  Maryland  Association  for  the 
Prevention  and  Relief  of  Tuberculosis. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  130  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 


MASSACHUSETTS 
ARLINGTON 

Arlington  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  in  September,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  All  patients  are  expected  to  pay  something  for  the 

service  of  the  nurse,  if  only  the  minimum  price  of  $.05  per  visit. 

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The  maximum  fee  is  $.40  per  hour.     The  work  is  maintained  by- 
annual  subscriptions  of  $1.00  each,  and  by  the  patients'  fees. 

BELMONT 
The  Ladies'  Aid  Society. 

Plan  of  Work:  When  a  resident  of  Belmont  requires  the  services 
of  a  nurse  for  an  hour  or  two  a  day,  application  is  made  to  the 
president  of  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  who  sends  to  the  Waltham 
Training  School  for  a  visiting  nurse.  The  patient  generally 
pays  the  usual  fee  of  $.25  an  hour  and  carfare,  but  if  not  able 
to  do  so,  the  expense  is  borne  by  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society.  If 
the  patient  needs  hospital  care,  application  is  made  to  the  select- 
men for  admission  to  the  Waltham  Hospital,  as  Belmont  appro- 
priates $750  yearly  for  three  free  beds.  The  Ladies'  Aid  So- 
ciety supplies  part  of  the  hospital  linen,  supports  one  free  bed, 
and  pays  out  of  its  treasury  the  fees  of  the  visiting  nurse. 

BOSTON 

Boston  Association  for  the  Relief  and  Control  of  Tuberculosis, 

4  Joy  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  association  started  and  main- 
tained for  three  years  the  first  day  camp  in  the  United  States, 
which  was  later  taken  over  by  the  city  and  is  now  known  as  the 
Municipal  Day  Camp  at  Mattapan.  The  association  supports 
one  nurse  on  the  staff  of  the  Instructive  District  Nursing  Asso- 
ciation who  works  under  the  supervision  of  this  latter  society. 

The    Children's    Hospital.      Out-Door     Relief     Department, 

Huntington  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 
Number  of  nurses:     Varies  according  to  the  number  of  patients 

to  be  visited. 

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Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  orthopedic,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  first  visiting  nursing  undertaken 
by  this  hospital  was  made  possible  through  funds  raised  by 
a  philanthropic  gentleman  who  was  anxious  to  try  the  exper- 
iment of  giving  nursing  care  in  the  homes  to  certain  patients 
who  could  not  be  admitted  to  the  hospital.  The  work  proved 
to  be  so  valuable  that  it  was  adopted  as  a  part  of  the  regular 
activity  of  the  hospital,  and  was  made  a  branch  of  the  training 
school  curriculum  for  the  third  year.  The  nurses  who  are 
detailed  to  this  department  are  given  three  months'  service 
with  the  out-patients.  The  work  is  not  limited  to  the  city,  but 
includes  suburbs  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  away.  When  special 
help  is  required,  cases  are  reported  to  the  Associated  Charities 
and  other  philanthropic  societies. 

Boston    Consumptives'    Hospital.     Out-Patient    Department, 

13  Burroughs  Place. 

Established  visiting  nursing  September  n,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  13,  one  of  whom  is  supervising  nurse. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous  cases  and  their  families. 

Plan  of  Work:  Eleven  nurses  are  assigned  to  districts  and  one  acts 
as  relieving  nurse.  They  attend  the  clinics  and  visit  the  pa- 
tients in  their  homes.  Sunday  and  evening  visits  are  made 
when  necessary.  A  record  of  all  cases  reported  and  visited  is 
kept  at  the  central  office.  The  Out-Patient  Department  works 
in  connection  with  the  Municipal  Day  Camp  at  Mattapan,  and 
has  developed  a  most  thorough  and  comprehensive  method  of 
caring  for  tuberculous  patients  throughout  the  city.  About  45 
per  cent  of  all  the  cases  are  children. 

Each  nurse  is  a  member  of  the  conference  of  the  Associated 
Charities  of  her  district,  and  has  access  to  its  records.  Ques- 
tions of  relief  are  decided  in  conference  with  the  organization 
best  fitted  to  the  needs  of  each  case. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Milk  is  furnished  to  all  who  are  unable  to  provide  it  in 
sufficient  quantities,  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  nurse  after 
her  investigation  of  the  home. 

The  nurses  hold  fortnightly  conferences  for  the  discussion  and 
study  of  social  subjects.  At  these  meetings  they  are  detailed  in 
turn  to  report  on  some  one  of  Boston's  charitable  or  philan- 
thropic organizations,  such  report  covering  the  history  and  scope 
of  the  work  done  by  the  association  under  consideration.  Two 
of  the  nurses  are  taking  a  special  course  in  the  Boston  School 
for  Social  Workers,  and  it  is  hoped  that  this  course  may  be 
extended  to  a  larger  number  every  year. 

Denison  House,  93  Tyler  Street. 

Established  resident  visiting  nurse  in  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One 

Salary:  $40  per  month,  with  room  and  board. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  in  the  homes,  and  attends  a  dis- 
pensary which  is  open  one  evening  in  the  week;  this  is  in  charge 
of  volunteer  physicians.  The  nurse  has  charge  of  a  Pasteurized 
milk  station  also,  which  is  open  at  certain  hours  each  day. 
Whenever  the  patients  are  able  to  do  so,  they  pay  $.10  for  each 
visit. 

Department  of  Education.  Division  of  School  Hygiene,  School 
Committee  Building,  Mason  Street. 

Started  experimentally  December  1,  1905;  established  perma- 
nently June  15,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  34;  one  supervisor  and  33  assistants. 

Salaries:  The  minimum  salary  is  $648  per  year,  with  an  annual 
increase  of  $48  until  a  maximum  of  $840  is  reached.  The 
superintendent's  salary  for  the  first  year  is  $924,  with  an  annual 
increase  of  $48  each  year  until  the  maximum  of  $1116  is  reached. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  nose,  and 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

throat,  mouth,  skin,  specific  infections,  minor  surgical,  and 
miscellaneous  medical  cases. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  December  i,  1905,  a  nurse  was  en- 
gaged to  visit  the  schools  in  the  Quincy  district,  her  salary 
being  assured  by  a  member  of  the  Hawthorne  Club.  In  January, 
1906,  a  second  nurse  began  work  in  the  Wells  district,  her  salary 
having  been  promised  by  the  Fathers'  and  Mothers'  Club. 
Both  worked  under  the  medical  inspectors  of  the  Board  of 
Health,  treating  in  the  school  all  such  cases  as  could  be  attended 
to  there,  and  visiting  the  homes  to  see  that  the  medical  orders 
were  carried  out.  Later,  in  1906,  five  nurses  of  the  Instructive 
District  Nursing  Association  staff  were  detailed  to  visit  certain 
schools,  and  the  Massachusetts  Civic  League  introduced  a  bill 
in  the  legislature  providing  for  medical  inspection  of  public 
schools  throughout  the  state,  and  authorizing  school  boards  to 
employ  nurses.  The  bill  became  a  law  and  the  legislature 
granted  a  sum  of  money  sufficient  to  carry  on  the  work. 

On  June  15,  1907,  an  examination  of  candidates  for  the  posi- 
tion of  school  nurse  was  held  by  the  Board  of  Education,  the 
subjects  being:  Principles  and  processes  of  nursing;  anatomy 
and  [physiology;  dietetics;  arithmetic;  English  language  and 
grammar.  In  September,  1907,  20  nurses  under  Dr.  Margaret 
Carley  as  supervisor  were  introduced  into  the  schools  under  the 
provision  of  the  law,  covering  the  entire  elementary  school  popu- 
lation of  Boston.  In  February,  1908,  the  number  was  increased 
to  34,  giving  each  nurse  the  care  of  approximately  2,700  pupils. 

The  nurses  go  on  duty  at  8  a.  m.  Each  district  is  provided 
with  a  medicine  room,  equipped  with  necessary  articles  for 
emergencies,  and  for  minor  treatment  advised  by  the  medical 
inspectors.  The  nurses  follow  up  excluded  children  in  their 
homes  and  see  that  they  receive  proper  medical  attention  either 
at  home  or  in  dispensaries  and  hospitals.  The  nurses  also  visit 
children  who  have  been  absent  from  school  on  account  of  minor 
illness  or  because  of  sickness  in  the  family;  by  these  visits  they 
have  reduced  absenteeism  to  a  minimum. 

During  the  summer  a  member  of  the  regular  school  staff  is 
assigned  to  each  schoolyard  playground.    Her  duties  in  the 

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playgrounds  are  to  care  for  emergency  cases,  visit  the  pupils'  homes 
to  give  suggestions  and  advice  and  demonstrate  treatment  that 
has  been  advised  by  the  medical  inspectors,  escort  pupils  to 
family  physicians  or  hospitals,  follow  up  children  needing  special 
attention,  and  maintain  an  active  interest  in  their  behalf.  Nurses 
also  take  pupils  to  the  country  or  seashore  for  daily  outings, 
and  refer  them  to  various  "country  week"  agencies  and  asso- 
ciations. For  special  duties,  talks  are  given  to  parents  and 
pupils  on  general  hygiene,  sanitation  of  the  home,  care  and 
function  of  the  teeth,  diet  for  young  growing  children  in  summer 
and  winter.  First  Aid  care  is  taught  in  cases  of  burn,  poisoning, 
hemorrhage,  injuries  to  the  eye,  etc.,  the  use  of  emetics,  stim- 
ulants, and  the  practice  of  artificial  respiration  and  bandaging. 
Special  talks  on  the  care  of  babies  are  given  to  "Little  Mothers.' 

Elizabeth  Peabody  House,  87  Poplar  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  whenever  called. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  a  resident  of  the  settlement,  and  she 
gives  special  attention  to  the  care  of  infants.  She  visits  the 
babies  in  their  homes  and  keeps  at  the  settlement  a  record  of 
each  child,  showing  the  weight,  medical  history,  and  home 
conditions.  She  instructs  the  mothers  at  home  in  regard  to 
the  feeding  and  general  care  of  the  children,  and  gives  talks 
with  supplementary  instruction  at  the  monthly  Mothers'  Meet- 
ings. She  has  charge  of  a  modified  milk  station,  examines 
each  day  the  children  in  the  settlement  kindergarten,  and  has  a 
Home  Nursing  club  for  girls. 

Home  of  the  Good  Samaritan,  Corner  Francis  and  Binney  Streets. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $30  per  month  with  board,  lodging,  and  laundry  at  the 
hospital. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Hours:  Twelve  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  day  camp  is  maintained  in  the  grounds  of  the 
Home,  open  on  week  days  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Women 
only  are  admitted.  They  are  given  nourishment,  medical 
treatment  if  needed,  and  instruction  in  caring  for  themselves 
and  their  families.  On  Sundays,  when  the  camp  is  not  open, 
visits  are  made  in  the  homes. 

Industrial  School  for  Crippled  and  Deformed  Children,  241  St. 
Botolph  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  3,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  orthopedic. 

Affiliations:  There  is  a  relief  committee  connected  with  the 
school,  but  financial  aid  is  given  mainly  through  other  charities. 

Plan  of  Work:  Only  the  children  connected  with  the  school  are 
visited;  these  are  chiefly  surgical  cases.  Dinners  are  served 
to  the  children  and  extra  nourishment  is  given  to  those  who 
need  it.  Milk  and  eggs  also  are  given  to  the  children  for  home 
consumption,  if  the  conditions  there  make  this  necessary. 

Instructive  District  Nursing  Association,  561  Massachusetts  Ave. 

Established  in  1886. 

Number  of  nurses:  24;  two  superintendents,  two  assistant  superin- 
tendents, sixteen  nurses  and  four  pupil  nurses. 

Salaries:  $45  per  month  for  the  first  three  probation  months;  $50 
for  the  following  nine  months;  $60  thereafter,  with  $5.00  per 
month  for  carfares.  The  nurses  are  supplied  also  with  hats, 
coats,  and  skirts  of  uniforms. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.  Sundays,  holidays  and  nights  are 
generally  free. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Society  for  the  Relief  and  Control  of  Tubercu- 

103 


MASSACHUSETTS 

losis,  the  Lying-in  Hospital,  and  the  Massachusetts  General 
Hospital. 
Plan  of  Work:  /The  nurses  have  regular  districts.  Nine  are 
appointed  to  work  under  the  physicians  in  charge  of  certain 
municipal  dispensaries,  of  which  Boston  has  a  complete  system, 
founded  in  1796.  The  nurses  communicate  daily  with  the 
physicians,  receive  their  orders,  and  at  times  visit  the  patients 
with  them.  Calls  are  accepted  from  other  medical  men  as 
well. 

One  nurse  on  the  district  nursing  staff  is  supported  by  the 
Tuberculosis  Society.  She  is  engaged  entirely  in  supervising 
and  instructing  tuberculous  patients.  She  teaches  hygiene  in 
the  homes,  secures  the  attendance  of  patients  at  clinics  and  day 
camps,  and  keeps  histories  and  records.  All  bed  patients  are 
referred  to  the  regular  staff  for  nursing  care.  Four  nurses 
specialize  in  obstetrical  work;  they  are  assisted  by  two  pupils 
from  the  Lying-in  Hospital.  One  nurse,  who  is  supported  by 
Mrs.  Quincy  A.  Shaw,  gives  especial  attention  to  children, 
visits  four  day  nurseries  which  are  connected  with  the  Shaw 
Neighborhood  Houses,  and  in  the  evening  makes  frequent 
visits  to  the  homes  in  order  to  meet  the  mothers,  who  work 
during  the  day.  One  nurse  inspects  and  attends  to  the  em- 
ployes of  the  Lowney  Candy  Factory,  which  contributes  $300  a 
year  toward  her  salary. 

The  Massachusetts  General  Hospital  details  two  pupils  each 
month  for  instruction  in  district  work  under  the  supervision  of 
this  association. 

Milk  stations  are  maintained  in  the  various  districts,  where 
there  is  on  sale  modified  milk,  put  up  by  special  milk  dealers 
and  prepared  according  to  all  the  usual  formulae  for  chil- 
dren of  different  ages.  A  bottle  with  one  feeding  costs  two 
cents.  Nurses  are  at  the  stations  every  morning  at  8:30 
to  deliver  the  milk  on  orders  signed  by  physicians.  Later 
they  visit  all  babies  on  the  lists,  and,  if  special  modi- 
fications for  sick  children  are  required  by  the  presciptions  of 
medical  men,  the  nurses  procure  the  milk  and  put  it  up 
themselves. 

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massachusetts 

The  New  Home  and  Training  School  for  District  Nurses 
A  new  Home  which  is  also  headquarters  for  the  association 
was  opened  in  1906,  and  a  training  school  in  district  nursing 
methods  was  established  for  the  benefit  of  graduate  nurses  and 
senior  pupils  from  well  recognized  hospitals.  The  course  con- 
sists of  four  months'  work  in  the  homes  of  poor  patients  under 
the  supervision  of  the  superintendent,  who  is  also  head  of  the 
house.  The  pupils  live  in  the  home,  and  receive  instruction, 
board,  and  lodging  free.  They  have  monthly  lectures  by  well- 
known  physicians,  and  are  trained  in  making  daily  reports, 
keeping  records,  and  in  general  household  management.  They 
are  also  encouraged  in  giving  before  Mothers'  Clubs,  practical 
talks  on  infant  feeding,  hygiene,  and  home  nursing,  examples 
of  such  talks  being  first  given  to  them  by  the  superintendent  as 
part  of  their  training. 

Massachusetts  General  Hospital,  Social  Service  Department, 

Fruit  Street. 

Established  Social  Service  Work  in  October,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salaries:  $1200  per  year  for  headworker;  $1000  for  assistants. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  tubercu- 
lous, venereal,  nervous,  and  pediatrics. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Dr.  Richard  C.  Cabot  started  this 
work  in  order  to  provide  for  patients  attending  the  Out-Patient 
Department  further  care  than  it  is  possible  for  the  hospital  staff 
to  give.  The  department  is  financially  separate  from  the  hospi- 
tal, and  is  supported  by  private  subscriptions.  There  are  on  the 
staff  two  graduate  nurses  who  have  had  social  training,  one  of 
whom  is  the  superintendent  of  the  department.  Four  salaried 
social  workers,  and  sixteen  volunteer  helpers  who  are  not  nurses, 
are  also  included  in  the  staff. 

Patients  from  many  towns  and  cities  in  the  state  go  to  this 
hospital,  and  an  endeavor  is  made  to  secure  for  each  applicant 
the  proper  help,  whether  medical  or  other  assistance. 
In  all  cases  an  effort  is  made  to  get  at  the  cause  of  the  difficulty; 
105 


MASSACHUSETTS 


this  may  lie  in  poverty,  ignorance,  or  economic  conditions,  or  it 
may  have  a  psychological  foundation.  The  patient  is  considered 
a  social  as  well  as  a  medical  problem,  and  much  of  the  treatment 
means  long-continued  work  with  the  family  as  well  as  with  the 
individual  patient. 

As  part  of  the  equipment  for  meeting  the  patients'  needs,  the 
workers  are  in  close  touch  with  the  various  health  and  relief 
agencies  in  the  state,  such  as  hospitals,  sanatoria,  convalescent 
homes,  visiting  nursing  associations,  private  and  public  charities, 
etc.,  and  patients  are  guided  to  the  one  which  will  give  the  neces- 
sary help. 

For  those  troubled  with  nervous  disorders  there  is  on  the 
staff  a  social  worker  trained  especially  to  deal  with  such  patients. 
In  these  cases,  as  in  all  others,  the  worker  investigates  the  home, 
sees  that  the  physician's  orders  are  carried  out,  becomes  ac- 
quainted with  her  patients,  wins  their  friendship,  gives  encourage- 
ment, and  in  various  ways  leads  them  out  of  themselves  along 
the  path  to  recovery. 

Another  trained  social  worker  deals  with  the  problems  of 
unmarried,  pregnant  girls,  and  of  those  with  venereal  diseases. 

A  large  number  of  patients  belong  to  the  tuberculous  group, 
and  whenever  it  is  possible,  they  are  referred  to  anti-tuberculosis 
associations  in  their  own  towns  and  cities.  When  this  is  not 
possible,  arrangements  are  made  for  their  care  in  hospitals  or 
sanatoria,  or  they  are  referred  to  tuberculosis  classes  in  connec- 
tion with  the  Social  Service  Department  of  this  hospital.  These 
classes  care  for  ambulatory  cases  that  can  live  at  home.  One 
trained,  salaried  worker  visits  them  and  sees  that  the  necessary 
regulations  are  carried  out,  not  only  by  the  patient,  but  by  the 
family. 

Children  suspected  of  having  tuberculosis  are  examined,  visited 
in  their  homes,  and  kept  under  supervision  in  the  clinic.  Some 
are  sent  to  convalescent  homes,  others  to  Mattapan  Day  Camp, 
and  to  sanatoria. 

Since  July,  1908,  the  hospital  has  had  under  its  direct  juris- 
diction a  nurse  for  social  work  in  the  wards  of  the  hospital,  where 
the  need  for  such  service  is  as  great  as  in  the  Out-Patient  Depart- 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

ment.  Patients  not  able  to  work  are  sent  to  the  Convalescent 
Home  at  Waverley,  or  they  are  referred  to  charitable  agencies 
for  help  of  various  kinds.  The  services  of  district  doctors  and 
nurses  are  secured,  letters  are  written  to  friends,  work  is  found 
for  discharged  patients,  and  whatever  a  friend  can  do  is  done 
for  all  who  need  such  help. 

Massachusetts     Homeopathic      Hospital      Training      School, 

East  Concord  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  April,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 

Hours:  7:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Senior  pupils  of  the  school  are  sent  to  the  patients 
applying  for  aid  at  the  Out-Patient  Department  of  the  hospital. 

Medical  Mission  Dispensary,  Hull  Street  Settlement,  36  Hull  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  One  superintending  nurse  and  four  pupils. 

Salary:  $50  for  the  superintendent. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  carried  on  by  the  Methodist  Woman's 
Home  Missionary  Society.  Physicians,  nurses,  and  lay-women 
form  the  resident  staff.  The  nurses  receive  their  training  in  the 
districts  and  the  dispensary,  and  share  in  social  work  in  Mothers' 
Meetings,  Girls'  Clubs  and  classes.  They  answer  calls  in  rota- 
tion for  obstetrical  and  emergency  cases.  A  fee  of  $5.00  is 
charged  for  the  former  if  the  patients  are  able  to  pay;  this  in- 
cludes the  services  of  both  physician  and  nurse.  Clothing  and 
nourishment  are  provided  when  necessary. 

Mt.  Sinai  Tuberculosis  Clinic,  17  Stamford  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $70  per  month. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Jewish  Federated  Charities  and  Jewish  Anti-Tuber- 
culosis Association. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  clinic  is  attended  by  Jewish  physicians  and  the 
patients  are  visited  by  a  Jewish  nurse.  The  latter  has  organized 
a  circle  of  young  women  under  the  name  of  the  "  Jewish  Tuber- 
culosis Association"  to  help  in  the  educational  work,  visit  the 
patients  in  their  homes,  and  aid  in  securing  necessary  outfits  for 
taking  the  rest  cure. 

Full  directions  are  given  each  patient  in  regard  to  out-door 
life,  diet,  general  hygiene,  and  how  to  live  in  order  not  to  be  a 
menace  to  the  family  and  the  public  at  large.  The  nurse  visits 
each  patient  to  see  that  the  physician's  instructions  are  carried 
out.  Careful  records  are  made,  giving  home  conditions,  number 
in  the  family,  hygienic  conditions  of  the  house,  and  the  presence 
of  a  piazza,  yard  or  flat  roof  where  the  patient  may  live  out-of- 
doors.  The  financial  condition  and  occupation  of  the  patient 
are  gone  into,  and  a  record  is  made  of  other  cases  of  illness  in  the 
family.  Home  visits  are  made  every  week,  and  reports  given 
to  the  clinic  physicians.  Some  incipient  cases  are  sent  to  sana- 
toria, or  to  the  country;  some  attend  the  Mattapan  Day  Camp. 
Milk  and  eggs  are  furnished  for  special  cases  by  the  North  End 
Diet  Kitchen. 

New  England  Baptist  Hospital,  Parker  Hill  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  answered  from  the  physicians  of  the 
neighborhood,  and  free  nursing  care  is  given  to  the  sick  poor 
whenever  a  nurse  can  be  spared  from  her  hospital  duty.  These 
calls  are  rarely  refused,  and  the  nurse  gives  as  much  time  as  the 
individual  case  may  require.  This  may  include  an  emergency 
obstetrical  case,  or  night  duty  for  several  nights  to  relieve  a  tired 
mother.    The  patients  receive  daily  visits  as  long  as  necessary. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

New  England  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  Dimock  Street, 
Roxbury  District.  Dispensary  and  Out-Patient  Depart- 
ment, 29  Fayette  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  July,  1884. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  hospital  may  claim  the  distinction 
of  graduating  the  first  trained  nurse  in  the  United  States,  Miss 
Linda  Richards.  The  visiting  nursing  service  is  an  adjunct  of 
the  hospital;  senior  pupil  nurses  are  each  appointed  to  two 
months  of  this  service.  They  visit  the  patients  who  attend  the 
dispensary  and  who  live  within  a  radius  of  half  a  mile.  The 
nurse  accompanies  the  doctor  on  the  first  visit,  and  makes  as 
many  visits  thereafter  as  may  be  necessary. 

St.  Stephen's  House,*  2  Decatur  Street. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  settlement  having  a  free  dispensary  with 
trained  nurse  and  physician  in  attendance.  The  work  was 
started  in  1903,  and  the  nurse  visits  without  charge  the  patients 
who  apply  to  the  dispensary. 

South  End  House,  43  East  Canton  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  There  is  close  co-operation  with  the  school  nurses, 
who  frequently  refer  to  the  settlement  cases  which  they  have  no 
time  to  attend  to. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This,  the  oldest  settlement  in  Boston, 
has  had  a  visiting  nurse  in  residence  since  1906.    The  nurse  has 

*  This  settlement  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
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MASSACHUSETTS 

charge  of  the  modified  milk  station,  which  is  open  every  morn- 
ing, and  there  she  advises  the  mothers  in  regard  to  the  proper 
feeding  of  their  babies.  Once  a  week  the  babies  are  taken  to 
the  settlement  to  be  weighed,  and  the  mothers  consult  with  the 
nurse. 

The  settlement  kindergarten  has  medical  inspection;  a  careful 
examination  of  the  children  is  made  by  the  doctor  and  nurse. 
The  nurse  afterwards  visits  the  mothers  with  reports  made  by 
the  physician,  and  suggests  the  best  way  to  carry  out  orders. 
There  is  also  medical  inspection  of  all  children  who  go  to  the 
settlement  farm  for  the  summer  outing,  and  the  nurse  visits 
these  children  in  their  homes.  In  1907,  the  settlement  nurse 
started  social  service  work  at  the  Boston  Dispensary,  attending 
two  clinics  a  week  in  the  neurology  department. 

BRIDGEWATER 
The  Bridgewater  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  all 
times. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Women's  Club. 

BROCKTON 

Brockton  Anti-Tuberculosis  Association,  12  Cottage  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1907. 

Affiliations:  The  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  cares 
for  the  patients  referred  to  it  by  the  Anti- Tuberculosis  Associa- 
tion, and  the  latter  pays  for  this  service  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  work  done. 

Brockton  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  January  1,  1905,  by  the  Women's  Club. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Only  calls  from  physicians  are  answered.  The 
association  is  sustained  by  subscriptions  and  membership  fees. 

BROOKLINE 

Brookline     Friendly    Society,    District    Nurse    Committee, 

Union  Building,  High  Street. 

Established  in  May,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  in  May,  1906, 
by  the  Instructive  District  Nursing  Association  of  Boston. 
In  the  following  January,  connection  with  the  Boston  association 
was  severed,  and  the  responsibility  for  the  work  was  assumed  by 
the  Friendly  Society.  The  churches  furnish  bed  linen,  infants' 
clothing,  etc.,  to  loan  to  needy  patients.  An  emergency  fund 
provides  suitable  food  for  those  who  cannot  otherwise  obtain  it. 
Many  women  have  pledged  themselves  to  have  special  nourish- 
ment prepared  in  their  own  kitchens,  in  response  to  requests 
from  the  nurse  by  telephone.  In  special  cases  a  generous  supply 
of  eggs  may  be  furnished  for  tuberculous  patients.  The  fees 
charged  are  $.40  an  hour  for  general  nursing,  $1.00  for  surgical 
cases  requiring  an  anaesthetic.  Reductions  from  these  charges 
may  be  made  or  the  fee  remitted  altogether  if  patients  are  unable 
to  pay. 

Department  of  Education,  School  Nursing  Department,  Lin- 
coln School. 
Established  January  1,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $800  per  year. 

Ill 


MASSACHUSETTS 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  six  schools  having  an  enrolment  of 
about  2200  pupils.  She  is  equipped  with  supplies  for  attending 
to  minor  surgical  dressings.  Each  afternoon  is  spent  in  making 
calls  in  the  homes.  On  Saturday  mornings  the  nurse  accom- 
panies children  to  the  different  dispensaries  for  treatment  or- 
dered by  the  physicians. 

CAMBRIDGE 
Board  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department,  City  Hall. 

Established  March  11,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $900  per  annum. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Visiting  Nursing  Association  and 
the  First  Church  of  Cambridge  initiated  the  work  by  detailing 
a  nurse  to  the  Board  of  Health  to  work  experimentally  in  the 
schools  of  one  district  of  the  city.  The  experiment  was  so 
successful  that  the  nurse  was  retained  in  the  schools  through  the 
fall;  and  November  23,  1907,  an  appropriation  was  made  by  the 
city  to  continue  the  service.  It  is  expected  that  the  near  future 
will  find  additional  nurses  in  the  field.  At  present  the  nurse 
spends  one  week  in  each  school  district,  attending  only  the  urgent 
cases  in  their  homes.  When  the  staff  is  increased  entrance 
examinations  will  be  held  by  the  Board  of  Health  and  only 
nurses  having  a  successful  visiting  nursing  record  will  be  eligible 
for  positions. 

Cambridge  Anti-Tuberculosis  Association,  689  Massachusetts  Ave. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $40  per  month  and  board. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Visiting  Nursing  Association,  which  pays  the 
nurse's  salary. 

112 


MASSACHUSETTS 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  does  instructive  work  only.  Patients 
needing  nursing  care  are  attended  by  the  Visiting  Nursing  Asso- 
ciation. Whenever  possible,  advanced  cases  are  sent  by  the 
Board  of  Health  to  the  Holy  Ghost  Hospital  as  a  preventive 
measure.  For  less  advanced  patients,  out-door  treatment  is 
planned,  and  tents,  steamer  chairs,  blankets,  etc.,  are  furnished 
when  necessary. 

The  sanitary  conditions  of  the  houses  are  investigated  by  the 
nurse,  and  improved  when  possible,  or  families  are  sometimes 
moved  into  better  quarters.  Milk  and  eggs  are  furnished  if  the 
patient  is  unable  to  procure  them  for  himself.  There  is  a  tu- 
berculosis class  where  some  patients  are  treated ;  other  patients, 
women  only,  are  sent  to  the  Good  Samaritan  Day  Camp.  On 
Saturday  morning  the  nurse  attends  a  clinic  which  is  held  for 
the  examination  of  children  from  families  where  there  is  tubercu- 
losis, or  where  there  has  been  a  history  of  tuberculosis  in  the  past. 

Cambridge  Visiting  Nursing  Association,  35  Bigelow  Street. 

Established  May  16,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Eight;   three  are  pupils. 

Salaries:  $40  and  $50  per  month  for  the  graduates. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Emergency  and  obstetrical  calls  are 
answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  cares  for  tuberculous  patients  only. 
She  is  supported  jointly  by  the  Visiting  Nursing  Association,  and 
the  Anti-Tuberculosis  Association.  Two  nurses  on  the  staff  are 
school  nurses.  The  Visiting  Nursing  Association  gives  a  cer- 
tificate in  visiting  nursing  to  senior  pupils  from  hospitals  of  near- 
by towns,  the  course  covering  a  period  of  four  months.  The 
association  pays  the  hospital  a  certain  sum  per  day  for  the  ser- 
vice of  each  pupil. 

Patients  are  expected  to  pay  for  the  nurses'  services  when  able 
to  do  so.  For  calls  not  exceeding  one  hour,  $.40  is  the  fee. 
When  possible,  carfare,  and  time  spent  in  going  and  coming  is 
charged  at  the  same  rate.  Special  fees  are:  Surgical  cases  where 
8  113 


MASSACHUSETTS 

ether  is  given,  $1.00  to  $3.00;  massage,  $1.00  per  hour;  obstetrical 
cases,  $2.00  for  first  call,  $.40  for  subsequent  calls. 

The  service  of  a  nurse  can  be  secured  only  at  the  request  of 
the  attending  physician,  or  one  of  the  directors.  Sick-room 
appliances  are  kept  on  hand  and  loaned.  Bed  linen,  clothing, 
infants'  outfits  and  nourishment  are  given  when  necessary. 

CANTON 

Canton  Nursing  Association. 

Established  in  November,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  conta- 
gious, and  tuberculous.  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  conta- 
gious patients,  and  for  those  needing  constant  care. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  association  is  largely  self-supporting.  A  fee 
of  $.25  per  hour  is  charged  whenever  it  is  possible  for  the  family 
to  pay  for  the  service.  For  an  obstetrical  case  $5.00  is  the  usual 
fee.  This  includes  two  weeks'  after  care,  two  visits  daily  for 
the  first  week,  and  one  daily  for  the  second  week.  The  balance 
of  the  expenses  of  the  association  is  covered  by  subscription. 

CLINTON 

Lancaster  Gingham  Mills,  2  Green  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  her  office  in  one  of  the  buildings, 
and  in  case  of  illness  or  accident  the  patient  is  attended  to  imme- 
diately. If  the  employe  is  ill  at  home,  the  nurse  visits  the 
patient  there  as  often  as  her  services  are  needed. 


114 


MASSACHUSETTS 

DAN VERS 
Danvers  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  12  Putnam  Street. 

Established  September  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Obstetrical  calls  are  answered  only  in  cases  of  emergency. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  for  the  nurse's  services  are  received  only 
through  physicians,  or  some  member  of  the  board  of  managers 
of  the  association.  Patients  are  expected  to  pay  from  $.10  to 
$.50  a  visit.  A  "Comfort  Fund"  provides  necessary  delicacies. 
Bed  linen,  clothing,  infants'  outfits,  and  sick-room  appliances 
may  be  loaned. 

EASTHAMPTON 

Visiting  Nurse  Department  of  the  Helping  Hand  Society,  Union 

Street. 
Established  October  1,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

When  necessary,  the  nurse  remains  all  night  with  a  very  ill 

patient,  taking  some  time  for  rest  the  following  day. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:   Surgical,  medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  An  extra  nurse  is  engaged  to  care  for  contagious 

cases.     A  loan  closet  supplies  bed  linen,  sick-room  appliances, 

wheel  chairs,   etc.     The  relief  department  supplies  necessary 

food  and  fuel. 

FALL  RIVER 
Union  Hospital  Training  School  for  Nurses. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 
Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  whenever  received. 

115 


MASSACHUSETTS 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  take  this  service  in  rotation  for 

six  weeks  at  a  time. 

FITCHBURG 

Fitchburg  Society  for  the  Control  and  Cure  of  Tuberculosis, 

145  Main  Street,  Room  50. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  28,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  supplies  bed  linen,  milk  and  eggs  when 

necessary. 

FRAMINGHAM 
Framingham  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  in  January,  1901;  reorganized  in  January,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two — one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  with  room  and  board  at  the  hospital  for 
the  graduate  nurse. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  senior  pupils  receive  instruction  in  district  work 
under  the  supervision  of  the  graduate  nurse.  A  relief  committee 
maintains  a  supply  closet  with  all  necessary  equipment.  A 
charge  of  $.25  an  hour  is  made  for  patients  who  are  able  to  pay. 
Special  charges  are:  massage,  $1.00;  obstetrical  cases,  $1.00, 
with  $.25  for  after  calls;  operation  with  ether,  $1.00.  Service 
is  free  to  all  who  cannot  afford  to  pay. 

GARDNER 

District  Nursing  Association  of  Gardner,  65  Maple  Street. 
Established  April  5,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

116 


MASSACHUSETTS 

Salary:  $60  first  year;  $75  thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:   Surgical,  medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  The  nurse  has  a  supply  of  bed  linen  and  clothing 

for  her  patients. 

GLOUCESTER 

Associated  Charities,  88  Middle  Street. 

Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  in  connection  with  their 

other  work  in  1905. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  nurse  is  engaged  whenever  the  occasion  requires, 

and  is  paid  according  to  the  number  of  visits  made. 

GREAT  BARRINGTON 
Great  Barrington  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  March  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical  and  tuberculous;  obstetrical 
cases  are  taken  after  delivery. 

Plan  of  Work:  Fees  varying  from  $.05  to  $1.00  are  charged.  In 
but  few  instances  is  it  necessary  for  the  nurse  to  remit  the  fee 
altogether.  The  association  is  giving  the  services  of  the  nurse 
to  visit  the  public  schools,  with  the  expectation  that  the  Board 
of  Education  will  later  take  up  the  work.  The  nurse  has  been 
placed  on  the  regular  list  of  teachers,  and  visits  excluded  chil- 
dren in  their  homes.  She  has  classes  in  home  nursing  and 
dietetics. 

GROTON 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Groton. 

Established  in  1897. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  Calls  are  answered  at  all  hours. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  maintained  by  contributions  from  the 
five  churches  of  Groton,  by  individual  subscriptions  and  by 
patients'  fees.  The  nurse  prepares  for  and  assists  at  opera- 
tions in  Groton  and  nearby  villages.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
sick-room  appliances  are  kept  on  hand  to  loan  when  necessary. 

HAVERHILL 
Haverhill  Association  for  the  Relief  and  Control  of  Tubercu- 
losis, 112  Emerson  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  The  nurse  is  paid  $.25  for  each  call  that  she  makes. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  tuberculosis  clinic  on  Thurs- 
days from  4  p.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  and  visits  these  patients  in  their 
homes.  The  association  considers  the  use  of  the  sleeping 
balcony  the  most  successful  means  for  providing  out-of-door 
life,  and  it  is  prepared  to  build  inexpensive  balconies,  and  to 
loan  tents.  It  also  furnishes  sputum  cups,  thermometers, 
steamer  chairs,  and  blankets. 

HOLYOKE 

Holyoke  District  Nurse  Association,  1235  Dwight  Street. 

Established  March  26,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  drug  firm  gives  closet  room  for  supplies,  and 
others  give  medicines  and  various  things  necessary  for  the  work. 
Friends  of  the  association  as  well  as  the  Holyoke  Relief  Asso- 
ciation furnish  food  and  fuel  when  appealed  to.  Bed  linen 
and  medical  supplies  are  loaned  or  given  when  necessary,  also 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

underwear,  blankets,  and  infants'  clothing.  The  nurse  attends 
to  tuberculosis  patients  needing  nursing  care.  Eggs,  milk, 
window  tents,  etc.,  are  furnished  by  the  Tuberculosis  Associa- 
tion, whose  secretary  attends  the  tuberculosis  class  and  clinic 
and  investigates  the  cases.  Patients  pay  from  $.15  to  $.50 
when  able  to  do  so. 

HUDSON 
Hudson  District  Nursing  Association,  35  Pope  Street. 
Established  January  28,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.m.;  Sundays  and  holidays  excepted. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:    Surgical,  medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  Women's  Club. 
Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances  are 

loaned  when  necessary. 

LANCASTER 
Lancaster  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  July  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $30  and  all  expenses. 

Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  for  the  nurse  are  left  at  Dr.  Beckley's  office 
before  9  a.  m.  or  between  2  and  3  p.  m.  Fees  for  visits  of  one 
hour  or  less  are  $.25;  for  each  additional  hour  or  part  of  hour, 
$.25;  massage,  $.50;  for  ten  hours'  duty  by  day — when  the 
nurse  is  at  liberty — $2.00.  Confinement  cases,  $2.00;  after- 
care, $.25  an  hour.  Calls  made  after  6  p.  m.  are  double  the 
above  prices.  Surgical  dressings  exceeding  $.10  must  be  paid 
for  by  the  patient  or  physician.  The  nurse  is  permitted  to  use 
discretion  in  collecting  money  from  people  who  are  unable  to 
pay  these  charges. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

LAWRENCE 
The  Ladies'  Union  Charitable  Association,  Prospect  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — one  a  senior  pupil. 

Salary:  $40  per  month,  board  and  lodging. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  occasionally  answered 
in  the  early  part  of  the  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Besides  the  general  visiting  work  a  day  camp  is 
maintained  for  tuberculous  patients.  The  nurses  look  after  the 
patients  there,  taking  their  temperatures,  pulse,  and  respiration, 
attend  to  the  nourishment,  and  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes. 

LEICESTER 
The  Leicester  Samaritan  Association. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  15,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  answered  when  received. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  originally  under 
the  name  of  the  Leicester  Hourly  Nurse  Association.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1909,  it  was  incorporated  with  the  Samaritan  Association 
and  is  now  known  by  that  name.  The  latter  society  owned  a 
large  number  of  appliances  necessary  for  the  sick  room  and  for 
the  use  of  medical  and  surgical  patients.  These  are  at  the 
service  of  the  nurse  or  of  any  resident  upon  presenting  the 
custodian  with  a  physician's  written  order.  The  articles  are 
kept  in  a  room  in  the  Public  Library,  which  is  given  by  the 
trustees,  and  the  librarian  is  paid  a  small  salary  to  act  as  cus- 
todian. 

A  fee  of  $.25  or  $.50  an  hour  is  expected  from  all  patients,  as 
there  are  few  really  poor  people  in  Leicester.  When  necessary 
the  nurse's  services  are  given  without  charge. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

LEXINGTON 

Lexington  Fellowship  of  Charities,  Leslie  House. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  iqoi. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.  Calls  are  answered  day  or  night.  One  after- 
noon free  from  duty  is  allowed  each  week. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  from  the  town  and  vicinity  are  answered. 
The  nurse  has  the  use  of  a  horse  and  carriage  when  her  patients 
live  at  a  distance. 

LINCOLN 

The  Ladies'  Aid  Society. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  society  has  no  resident  nurse,  but  when  calls 
are  received  a  visiting  nurse  from  the  Waltham  Training  School 
is  sent  to  the  patient  as  often  as  necessary.  Twenty-five  cents 
per  hour  and  carfare  is  the  usual  fee  charged.  When  possible 
the  patients  pay  this;  otherwise,  the  expense  is  borne  by  the 
Ladies'  Aid  Society.  All  hospital  patients  are  sent  to  the  hos- 
pital in  Waltham. 

LOWELL 

Middlesex  Women's  Club,  Visiting  Nursing  Department. 

Established  November  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.m.;    Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  well-equipped  supply  closet  is  maintained,  with 
bed  linen  and  clothing  which  may  be  loaned  or  given  away. 
Surgical  supplies  are  furnished,  and  many  articles  for  use  in  the 
sick  room  may  be  loaned.  Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  for 
needy  patients.  A  relief  committee  investigates  needy  families, 
and  furnishes  aid  of  various  kinds  when  necessary. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

LYNN 
Associated  Charities,  Lee  Hall,  10  City  Hall  Square. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  November,  1896. 
Number  of  nurses :  One — pupil. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:   Surgical,  medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  of  the  Lynn  Hospital  have  two 

months  of  district  work  during  the  course  of  their  training. 

The  Associated  Charities  pays  $12.50  per  month  for  the  nurse's 

service,  and  furnishes  clothing  or  other  necessary  supplies. 

The  Lynn  Tuberculosis  Committee,  Office  of  Associated  Charities, 
2  Lee  Hall. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  z,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  $50  per  month. 

Hours :     Dependent  upon  the  amount  of  work  to  be  done. 

Plan  of  Work:  Eggs  and  milk  may  be  supplied  when  necessary. 
Aid  is  given  to  enable  patients  to  go  out  of  town  to  more  desir- 
able localities.  Outfits  for  living  out-of-doors  may  also  be 
furnished. 

MALDEN 
Maiden  Industrial  Aid  Association,  21  Ferry  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1899. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:   Surgical,  medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  The  society  also  maintains  a  day  nursery. 

MARBLEHEAD 
Marblehead  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Night  duty  and  Sunday  calls  are  ex- 
ceptional. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  call  for  the  nurse  must  be  by  written  order  signed 
by  the  patient's  physician.  She  cannot  respond  to  any  other. 
When  the  nurse  attends  contagious  cases,  she  is  subject  to 
special  limitations  respecting  her  visits  to  other  patients.  These 
limitations  are  prescribed  by  the  attending  physician.  At 
such  times,  the  nurse  is  required  to  use  thorough  means  of  dis- 
infection, and  to  change  her  clothing  throughout  before  going  to 
another  case.  A  loan  closet  furnishes  all  necessary  supplies  for 
the  sick  room. 

MARLBORO 

Marlboro  Woman's  Club. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  1,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month,  carfare,  and  telephone. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen,  clothing,  sick-room  appliances,  and 
medicines  are  provided  when  necessary. 

1 
MEDFORD 
Medford    Visiting   Nurse   Association,    Howard's    Drug    Store, 
Medford  Square. 

Established  in  June,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $63  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon.  Emer- 
gency calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  In  May,  1907,  this  association  undertook  special 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

tuberculosis  work  in  addition  to  the  general  visiting  nursing. 
Sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,  and  bags  are  supplied.  Milk 
and  eggs  are  given  when  necessary.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
sick-room  supplies  are  loaned.  The  nurse's  district  is  a  large 
one,  and  she  uses  a  bicycle  to  enable  her  to  cover  the  many 
miles  she  is  obliged  to  travel  each  day.  A  class  in  home  nursing 
is  held  on  Saturday  afternoon. 

MELROSE 
Melrose  Hospital.    Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  in  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  One;  sometimes  two  senior  pupils. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  city  pays  the  hospital  $1000  annually  for  this 
service  to  the  city  poor. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  supervised  only  by  physicians.  The 
municipal  appropriation  partly  maintains  it,  the  hospital  sup- 
plying sheets,  nightgowns,  surgical  dressings,  and  nourishing 
food  when  necessary. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  calls  come  from  patients  who  are 
unable  to  pay;  for  others  a  small  fee  is  charged.  Each 
senior  nurse  has  from  one  to  three  months  of  this  service  as 
a  part  of  her  training. 

MILTON 

Milton  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  in  July,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  when  received. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  supported  by  the  generosity  of  one 

woman  and  the  fees  collected  from  the  patients. 

124 


MASSACHUSETTS 

NATICK 
Natick  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  April  12,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  About  nine  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  relief  committee  and  a  club  of  young  ladies,  the 
"Sunshine  Band,"  are  helpful  in  securing  supplies  of  bed  linen, 
clothing,  delicacies   and  medicines  for  the  nurse's  use. 

NEW  BEDFORD 

The  Instructive  Nursing  Association. 

Established  in  1887. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Employment  on  Sundays  and  holidays 
is  exceptional;  night  calls  are  rarely  answered. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  committee  provides  all  necessary  comforts 
for  the  patients  and  the  sick  room.  Once  a  month,  at  the 
regular  meeting  of  the  board  of  managers,  one  of  its  members 
reads  the  nurses'  journal,  which  keeps  the  board  in  touch  with 
the  work  of  the  two  nurses,  and  the  results  of  the  care  of  the 
patients.  The  fees  are  $.75  per  hour,  and  $.50  per  half  hour. 
Smaller  sums  are  charged  according  to  the  patient's  ability 
to  pay. 

NEWTON 
Newton  District  Nursing  Association,  Newton  Hospital,  Wash- 
ington Street. 
Established  in  1898. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three;  a  supervising  graduate  nurse  and  two 
or  more  pupils,  according  to  the  number  of  patients  to  be  visited. 
Salary:  $40  per  month  and  board  for  supervisor. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Night  calls  are  always  answered. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  committee  furnishes  necessary  bed  linen, 

clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

NORTHAMPTON 
The  Northampton  Association  for  the  Prevention  and  Control 
of  Tuberculosis. 

Established  November  22,  1907. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  of  the  Northampton  District  Nursing 
Association  visits  all  tuberculous  cases  needing  professional 
care.  There  are  also  several  lay  visitors  who  assist  in  the 
educational  work,  distributing  literature,  etc. 

Northampton  District  Nursing  Association,  49  Elm  Street. 

Established  in  January,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     No  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Association  for  the  Prevention  and  Control  of 
Tuberculosis. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  association  furnishes  bed  linen  and  garments 
for  the  patients;  these  the  nurse  may  give  or  loan.  The  Tuber- 
culosis Association  refers  all  its  cases  to  the  visiting  nurse  of 
this  society. 

NORTH  EASTON 
North  Easton  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 
tuberculous. 

126 


MASSACHUSETTS 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  work  was  established  by  the 
owners  of  a  large  shovel  factory,  and  the  nurse's  services  were  at 
first  intended  only  for  the  benefit  of  the  very  poor  who  could 
not  have  skilled  care  in  any  other  way.  Later  the  work  was 
placed  upon  a  paying  basis,  and  all  who  can  do  so  are  asked  to 
pay  for  their  nursing,  while  the  factory  owners  make  up  any 
deficit  that  may  arise.  There  is  no  organization  or  board  of 
managers.     A  treasurer  holds  and  disburses  the  funds. 

The  nurse  carries  on  some  educational  work  on  the  subject 
of  tuberculosis,  and  in  the  summer  when  the  work  is  light  she 
holds  classes  in  home  nursing.  For  long-distance  calls,  she  has 
a  horse  and  carriage.  A  supply  closet  provides  for  bed  linen, 
clothing  and  sick-room  appliances,  and  there  is  a  fund  which 
enables  her  to  buy  food,  fruit  and  other  necessities  for  her  pa- 
tients. 

When  continuous  care  is  required  for  those  who  are  seriously  ill, 
an  extra  nurse  is  engaged  for  as  long  a  time  as  may  be  necessary. 

NORTH  PLYMOUTH 
Plymouth  Cordage  Company. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  iqoi. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  night  and  day. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  company  has  established  an  emergency  hos- 
pital which  is  fitted  up  with  cots,  and  all  appliances  for  per- 
forming minor  surgical  operations  attending  to  surgical  dress- 
ings, etc.  A  room  in  the  nurses'  nouse  has  been  fitted  up  as  a 
dispensary,  and  on  Sundays  and  holidays  when  the  mill  is 
closed  patients  are  cared  for  there.  The  nurses  visit  the 
patients  in  their  homes,  supply  nourishment,  medicine  and 
clothing  when  necessary,  and  loan  sick-room  appliances.  A 
part  of  their  duty  when  calling  upon  the  employes  is  to  note 
the  condition  of  the  houses.  Should  the  plumbing  be  out  of 
order,  or  a  house  need  repair  in  any  way,  they  report  the  fact 
at  the  office  of  the  company. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

NORWOOD 

Norwood  Visiting  Nurse  Committee. 

Established  in  March,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 
Only  very  ill  patients  visited  on  Sundays  and  holidays. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Norwood  Woman's  Club. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  is  maintained  for  furnishing  bed 
linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances.  Broths,  eggs,  meat, 
coal,  etc.  are  supplied  when  necessary.  A  fee  of  $.25  an  hour 
is  charged  for  general  medical  and  surgical  cases;  surgical  cases 
when  ether  is  given,  $.75  or  $1.00;  obstetrical  calls,  $1.00  or 
$2.00  for  the  first  call,  $.25  for  subsequent  visits.  Reductions 
from  these  charges  are  made  when  necessary. 

PEPPERELL 
The  Pepperell  Woman's  Club  Nursing  Committee. 

Established  March  2,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  closet  is  furnished  with  bed  linen,  cloth- 
ing and  sick-room  appliances  to  loan.  The  usual  charges  are: 
$.50  per  hour  for  general  medical  and  surgical  cases;  $1.00 
for  obstetrical  visits  at  the  time  of  confinement,  and  $.25  for 
the  after  calls.  For  surgical  cases,  where  ether  is  given,  the 
charge  is  $.75.  No  charges  are  made  to  those  who  are  unable 
to  pay  for  the  nurse's  services. 

PITTSFIELD 

Pittsfield  Visiting  Nurse,  House  of  Mercy  Hospital. 

Established  in  190 1. 

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MASSACHUSETTS 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1901,  the  graduate  nurses  of  the 
Bishop's  Training  School  agreed  to  give  two  weeks  each  year  for 
the  care  of  the  sick  poor  in  their  homes;  they  were  under  super- 
vision of  the  superintendent  of  the  Training  School,  who  re- 
ceived the  calls  and  maintained  an  unbroken  succession  in  the 
service.  This  arrangement  continued  for  five  years.  A  fund 
was  given  to  buy  whatever  supplies  might  be  needed.  The 
electric  railway  companies  helped;  one  by  a  free  pass  over  its 
road  for  several  years;  the  other  by  a  gift  of  money. 

In  1906,  a  gentleman  undertook  to  finance  the  work,  and  for 
over  a  year  he  and  his  friends  contributed  enough  money  to 
pay  a  nurse  $65  per  month,  different  nurses  taking  the  service 
for  one  month  at  a  time.  In  1907,  another  gentleman  inter- 
ested himself  in  the  work,  an  association  was  formed,  and  a 
nurse  engaged  to  do  the  work  continuously,  at  a  salary  of  $75  per 
month  and  carfare.  A  small  fee  is  charged,  but  the  service  is 
largely  free.  Clothing,  milk  and  eggs,  medicine  and  food  are 
given  when  necessary.  The  city  often  works  in  co-operation 
with  the  nurse,  and  in  cases  of  great  need  furnishes  coal  and 
other  necessities. 

QUINCY 

Women's  Club,  Visiting  Nurse  Committee,  Women's  Club  House. 
Established  July  1,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $500  per  year,  with  suite  of  rooms,  heat,  light  and  use  of 

laundry  at  the  club  house. 
Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  all 

hours. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Needy  patients  are  referred  to  the  philanthropic 

committee  of  the  club.     Only  calls  from  physicians  are  accepted. 

9  129 


MASSACHUSETTS 

SALEM 
The  Woman's  Friend  Society.    District  Nurse  Committee. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1896. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary :  $50  per  month. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  loan  closet  contains  bed  linen,  clothing,  babies' 

outfits,  etc.     When  able  to  do  so,  patients  are  expected  to  pay  a 

fee  of  $.50  an  hour. 

SOMERVILLE 
Somerville  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  76  Willow  Avenue. 
Established  August  12,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Salaries:  $70  and  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  answered  only  at  the  request  of  physi- 
■  cians,  the  president  of  the  association,  or  agent  of  the  Associated 
Charities.  Carfare  and  a  fee  of  $.25  are  charged  when  patients 
are  able  to  pay.  For  surgical  and  obstetrical  calls,  the  charge 
varies  from  $1.00  to  $3.00.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room 
appliances  are  loaned  when  necessary. 

An  anti-tuberculosis  department  has  recently  been  established 
and  a  special  clinic  and  open-air  camp  are  hoped  for  in  the  near 
future. 

SOUTHB  RIDGE 

Southbridge  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  36  Chapin  Street. 

Established  February  19,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month  first  year;  $75  thereafter. 
Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 
tuberculous. 

130 


MASSACHUSETTS 

SPENCER 

Spencer  Society  for  Hourly  Nursing. 

Established  February  10,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to   8  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at 

night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
A  fee  of  $.50  an  hour  is  charged  to  all  patients  who  are  able  to  pay 

that  sum.     Gratuitous  service  is  given  when  necessary. 

SPRINGFIELD 

Springfield  Association   for   the   Prevention   of  Tuberculosis, 

177  State  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  24,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  first  special  undertaking  of  this 
association  was  to  hold  weekly  classes.  Later,  a  day  camp 
was  opened,  which  the  members  of  the  classes  were  invited  to 
attend.  This  was  so  successful  that  it  soon  developed  into  a 
night  and  day  camp,  with  accommodations  for  men  to  remain 
continuously.  It  is  expected  that  the  near  future  will  see  further 
extensions  which  will  enable  the  women  patients  also  to  stay  at 
night.  Day  patients  arrive  at  9  a.  m.  and  all  have  a  luncheon 
of  bread  and  milk  at  9:30.  A  substantial  hot  dinner,  with  a 
glass  of  milk,  is  served  at  noon;  at  three  o'clock  an  egg-nog  is 
given  them,  and  at  half-past  five  all  have  milk  before  going 
home.  The  day  patients  are  admitted  free  of  charge,  carfare 
being  provided  for  those  unable  to  pay  it. 

Patients  who  remain  all  the  time  in  camp  are  charged  $2.50 
a  week.  This  is  sometimes  paid  by  their  friends.  During  the 
winter  a  room  is  maintained  at  headquarters  where  the  physi- 
cians and  nurse  meet  the  members  of  the  classes,  and  the  educa- 

131 


MASSACHUSETTS 

tional  part  of  the  work  is  kept  up  as  well  as  the  oversight  of 
patients  themselves.  Sputum  cups,  paper  napkins  and  bags 
are  given;  milk  and  eggs,  and  warm  clothing  also  are  furnished 
for  those  who  cannot  obtain  them  for  themselves.  Reclining 
chairs,  window  tents,  etc.  are  loaned. 

The  Union  Relief  Association,  10  Court  House  Place. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  Union  Relief  Association  pays  $7.00  a  week 
to  the  Springfield  Hospital  for  the  services  of  a  senior  pupil 
nurse  to  visit  patients  in  their  homes.  All  tuberculosis  cases 
are  referred  to  the  Association  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuber- 
culosis. 

WALPOLE 

Walpole  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  June  14,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  Lend-a-Hand  Club  is  responsible  for  the  loan 

closet  which  furnishes  bed  linen  and  sick-room  appliances. 

WALTHAM 

The  American  Waltham  Watch  Company. 

Established  a  social  service  department  October  10,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  whenever  called. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  one  office  at  the  factory  and  an- 
other at  the  company's  boarding  house.     She  visits  in  the  homes 

132 


MASSACHUSETTS 

and  gives  nursing  care  whenever  called  upon.  A  supply  closet 
furnishes  linen,  clothing,  sick-room  appliances,  milk,  eggs,  etc. 
The  work  is  quite  as  largely  preventive  as  curative.  Tuber- 
culosis patients  are  given  home  treatment,  or  are  sent  to  the 
state  sanitarium  at  Rutland. 

Waltham  District  Nursing  Association,  249  Bacon  Street. 

Established  in  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two,  usually;  more  if  necessary.  All  are 
senior  pupils  from  the  Waltham  Training  School. 

Hours:  7:30  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.,  with  two  hours  off  duty  daily. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  Waltham  pupils  are  given  this  service  under  a 
supervising  nurse  as  a  part  of  their  training.  Calls  are  answered 
from  the  surrounding  towns.  A  schedule  of  fees  is  maintained: 
$.25  an  hour  is  the  usual  charge  for  medical  and  surgical  cases, 
$1.00  for  the  first  call  on  obstetrical  patients,  and  the  same 
charge  for  an  hour's  massage.  Carfares  are  added  when  calls 
are  more  than  half  a  mile  distant  from  the  hospital.  Reduc- 
tions may  be  made  when  necessary.  There  is  a  loan  closet  at 
the  training  school  for  the  visiting  nurses'  use.  Special  nour- 
ishment is  supplied  when  needed. 

WARE 

District  Nurse  Committee,  Social  Science  Club. 

Established  July  1,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $800  a  year  and  carfare. 

Hours:  Eight.  Office  hours  7:30  to  8  a.  m.  and  12:30  noon  to 
1  p.  m.  Only  in  exceptional  cases  are  calls  answered  at  night 
and  on  holidays. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  at  her  disposal  bed  linen  and  cloth- 
ing, and  when  necessary  provides  nourishment  and  sputum 
cups. 

133 


MASSACHUSETTS 

WATERTOWN 

Society  for  Relief  of  the  Sick  and  Poor. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $897.25  per  year. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  Unitarian  Church. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  society  is  one  of  the  oldest  in 
the  country.  It  was  organized  in  181 6  at  the  beginning  of 
the  Unitarian  movement  by  the  members  of  the  only  church  at 
that  time  in  Watertown.  The  society  has  been  carried  on 
all  these  years  by  the  women  of  the  church,  not  restricting 
its  ministrations  to  any  creed,  color  or  nationality.  It  unites 
with  all  the  other  churches  in  sustaining  the  District  Nursing 
Association  of  the  town,  giving  $25  a  year  from  its  treasury, 
but  the  Society  for  Relief  of  the  Sick  and  Poor  is  maintained 
entirely  by  the  Unitarian  church. 

Watertown  District  Nursing  Association,  28  Main  Street. 

Established  December  22,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Women's  Club. 

Plan  of  Work:  Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night.  A  loan 
closet  supplies  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances; 
when  necessary,  old  linen,  cloth,  materials  for  bandages  and 
dressings  may  be  furnished.  In  a  few  exceptional  cases  nour- 
ishment is  supplied  by  individual  members  of  the  board.  The 
schedule  of  prices  is  as  follows:  ordinary  nursing  visits,  $.25 
an  hour;  first  call  in  obstetrical  case,  $2.00;  massage,  $1.00 
per  hour;  assisting  the  physician  in  minor  surgical  cases,  $1.00; 
emergency  night  calls,  $.50  per  hour.  Patients  are  expected 
to  pay  all  necessary  carfares. 

134 


MASSACHUSETTS 

WEBSTER 
S.  Slater  and  Son,  Incorporated. 

April  i,  1907,  a  nurse  was  engaged  to  look  after  the  employes 
of  the  mills  owned  by  this  company,  and  to  visit  the  sick  in 
their  families. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  In  each  mill  there  is  an  emergency  room  where  the 
patients  are  received  and  treated,  and  where  minor  accidents 
and  sometimes  major  cases  are  attended  to.  The  nurse  has 
supplies  of  all  kinds  to  loan  or  to  give  when  necessary.  Sputum 
cups  and  paper  napkins  are  supplied  to  tuberculous  patients. 

WESTON 
The  Ladies'  Aid  Society. 

In  this  village  all  patients  requiring  visiting  nursing  care  are 
looked  after  by  the  Ladies'  Aid  Society,  which  pays  for  the 
visits  of  a  Waltham  Training  School  pupil  whenever  the  neces- 
sity arises.  The  patients  pay  for  the  service  when  able  to  do  so. 
The  usual  fee  is  $.25  per  hour  and  carfare. 

WHITINSVILLE 
The  King's  Daughters. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $18  per  week. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Charity  calls  are  answered  only  on  an  order  from 
the  attending  physician.  For  other  patients,  a  uniform  charge 
of  $.50  is  made  for  the  whole  or  part  of  the  first  hour.  Night 
nursing  may  be  undertaken  in  cases  of  need  if  the  day's  work 
has  not  been  too  heavy;  a  fee  of  $3.00  is  asked  for  such  service. 
For    general    massage,    $2.00    is    charged.     Local    massage    is 

135 


MASSACHUSETTS 

considered  a  part  of  regular  nursing.  Aside  from  the  fees,  the 
expenses  of  the  work  are  covered  by  membership  dues  of  $.25 
yearly;  $.15  for  members  under  the  age  of  sixteen,  and  $.50  for 
associate  members. 

All  necessary  appliances  for  the  sick  room  are  owned  by  the 
Samaritan  Society  of  Whitinsville,  and  may  be  borrowed  by  the 
nurse  or  by  any  citizen  who  presents  to  the  custodian  a  written 
order  from  the  attending  physician.  Payment  is  required  only 
when  needless  damage  is  done  to  the  article  borrowed.  This 
society  began  with  an  outfit  valued  at  $221.  The  outfit  is  now 
worth  nearly  $1,000,  and  contains  various  sick-room  appliances, 
from  a  rubber  ring  to  adjustable  fracture  beds,  sterilizers,  and 
electrical  fans.  The  society  also  sells  oxygen  tanks  and  band- 
ages when  necessary.  There  is  a  "Care  Fund"  of  $1000,  the 
interest  of  which  goes  to  keep  the  supplies  in  repair.  If  cloth- 
ing and  nourishment  are  needed  the  nurse  reports  the  case  to 
the  committee. 

WINCHESTER 

The  Winchester  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  February  1,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month,  and  a  house  to  live  in. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Charity  Organization  Society. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  respond  only  to  the  calls  of  an  author- 
ized physician.  A  bed  for  the  use  of  free  patients  is  maintained 
by  the  association  at  the  Winchester  Hospital.  Clothing  and 
nourishment  are  furnished  when  necessary.  Sputum  cups, 
milk  and  eggs  are  given  to  tuberculosis  patients;  window  tents 
also  are  provided.  A  special  nurse  is  engaged  for  very  ill  pa- 
tients who  need  constant  care.  Occasionally,  patients  are  sent 
at  the  expense  of  the  association  to  the  state  sanatorium  at 
Rutland.  Fees  of  from  $.05  to  $.50  are  charged  when  patients 
are  able  to  pay. 

136 


MASSACHUSETTS 

WOBURN 

Woburn  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

WORCESTER 

The  Worcester  Society  for  District  Nursing,  1  Elm  Place. 

Established  in  1893. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six,  and  three  pupils,  one  from  the  Memorial 
Hospital,  and  two  from  the  City  Hospital. 

Salaries:  $55  per  month  for  the  first  year,  and  $60  thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Tuberculosis. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  pupil  nurses  receive  six  weeks'  training  in  dis- 
trict work  under  the  supervision  of  the  society.  The  hospitals 
give  their  services,  and  the  society  pays  their  carfare.  Sys- 
tematic work  was  at  first  taken  up  with  the  tuberculosis  clinic; 
the  tuberculosis  society  then  engaged  its  own  nurse,  but  placed 
her  under  the  supervision  of  the  superintendent  of  the  District 
Nursing  Society.  She,  in  turn,  refers  any  tuberculous  patients 
who  are  very  ill  and  need  special  attention  to  the  regular  staff 
of  nurses  for  care. 

Some  work  has  been  done  in  the  public  schools,  looking  up 
the  excluded  children,  treating  them  under  the  doctor's  orders, 
giving  practical  instruction  to  the  mothers  in  the  homes,  and 
notifying  the  physicians  when  children  were  ready  to  be  returned 
to  school.  This  was  given  up,  owing  to  the  pressure  of  nursing 
calls  and  the  limited  number  of  nurses.  Talks  are  frequently 
given,  however,  to  mothers  of  the  children  in  the  kindergarten 
classes  of  the  public  schools. 


137 


MICHIGAN 

Worcester  Society  for  Relief  of  Tuberculosis,  i  Elm  Place. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  i,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations :     Worcester  Society  for  District  Nursing. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  Works  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Worcester  Society  for  District  Nursing;  her  salary  is  paid  by 
the  Tuberculosis  Society.  Tents,  reclining  chairs,  and  warm 
clothing  are  loaned  or  given  by  the  District  Nursing  Society. 
Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  for  incipient  cases,  and  sputum 
cups  and  disinfectants  are  provided  when  needed. 

MICHIGAN 
ANN  ARBOR 
Hospital    and    Visiting   Nurse   Circle    of    King's    Daughters, 
1530  Hill  Street. 
Established  May  9,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One., 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  sick-room 
appliances. 

BATTLE  CREEK 
The  Battle  Creek  Sanatarium. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1891. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six — graduates  and  pupils. 

Salary:  $30    per    month  for    the    graduates,   board,   room,   and 

laundry. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 

138 


MICHIGAN 

Plan  of  Work:  The  visiting  nursing  is  maintained  as  a  means  of 
supplementing  the  training  of  the  nurses  who  receive  their 
diplomas  from  the  Sanatarium.  A  graduate  nurse  supervises 
the  work,  and  senior  pupils  are  given  two  months'  training  in 
this  department.  There  is  a  dispensary  connected  with  the 
Sanatarium  in  Battle  Creek,  and  a  branch  sanatarium  in  Chicago* 
where  two  pupil  nurses  are  sent  each  month  in  rotation. 

BAY  CITY 
The  Civic  League  Free  Dispensary  and  Visiting  Nurse  Com- 
mittee, 1 103  Water  Street. 

Established  March  14,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Sundays  are  free,  and  one  day  each 
week  the  nurse  is  allowed  three  hours  off  duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous.  , 

DETROIT 
Board  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  March  26,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  The  school  nursing  service  was  started 
by  the  Visiting  Nurses'  Association,  which  detailed  one  of 
its  nurses  to  work  under  the  medical  inspectors  of  the  Board 
of  Health  in  several  public  schools.  This  work  was  experi- 
mental and  intended  to  show  the  great  need  that  existed  for 
such  a  service.  The  results  were  most  satisfactory.  The 
experiment,  fostered  for  two  years  by  the  Visiting  Nurses' 
Association,  resulted  in  April,  1908,  in  a  municipal  appropria- 
tion of  $1500,  to  be  used  for  the  support  of  two  school  nurses. 
They  began  their  work  under  the  direction  of  the  Board  of 

*  See  page  70. 
139 


MICHIGAN 

Health  in  September,  1908.     The  staff  will  be  increased  as  the 
work  demands  it. 

Society  for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  Board  of 
Health. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1890. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  insti- 
tuted the  care  of  tuberculous  patients  when  the  society  was  first 
organized.  For  some  time  they  detailed  one  of  their  staff  to 
attend  the  tuberculosis  clinics  at  the  Board  of  Health,  and  this 
nurse  visited  in  the  homes  and  instructed  all  the  patients  who 
were  being  treated  by  the  city  physicians.  In  June,  1908, 
Detroit  organized  a  Charity  Day,  or  Tuberculosis  Tag  Day, 
when  $11,000  were  realized;  this  enabled  the  city  to  enlarge 
and  carry  on  the  work  far  more  efficiently  than  ever  before. 
The  fund  is  under  the  management  and  control  of  the  Society 
for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis.  A  committee  on 
"applications,  social  work,  and  nursing,"  consisting  of  seven 
members,  has  been  appointed.  Mrs.  Lystra  E.  Gretter,  super- 
intendent of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  was  made  chair- 
man of  the  committee,  and  four  other  members  are  also  on  the 
Visiting  Nurse  Association  board.  The  nurses  attend  the 
clinic  at  the  Board  of  Health,  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes, 
give  nursing  care  to  those  who  need  it,  instruct  all  patients  and 
their  families  on  the  nature  of  tuberculosis  and  how  to  prevent 
further  infection.  They  also  see  that  the  milk  and  eggs  fur- 
nished by  the  health  department  are  properly  used  by  the  pa- 
tients to  whom  they  are  given,  and  that  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions of  the  Board  of  Health  are  carried  out  in  regard  to  dis- 
infection. 


140 


MICHIGAN 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  924  Brush  Street. 

Established  in  1894. 

Number  of  nurses:  Eight. 

Salary:  $35  per  month,  with  room,  board,  laundry,  and  uniforms. 

Hours :  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Board  of  Health,  and  Society  for  Study  and  Preven- 
tion of  Tuberculosis. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1894,  Miss  Alice  Bowen,  a  graduate 
of  the  Farrand  Training  School,  began  on  her  own  initiative, 
visiting  nursing  among  the  poor  families  of  the  city.  In  1897, 
the  Visiting  Nurse  Association  was  organized,  and  in  1901  it 
was  incorporated.  The  work  is  centralized  in  the  Nurses' 
Home,  where  the  nurses  live,  receiving  their  board,  laundry, 
and  room  as  part  of  their  salary.  A  loan  closet  is  maintained 
for  bed  linen,  clothing  and  sick-room  supplies.  There  is  also  a 
dispensary,  and  a  disinfecting  room  to  safeguard  both  nurses 
and  patients  when  contagious  diseases  are  met  with. 

The  association  started  public  school  nursing  in  March, 
1906,  and  carried  it  on  for  two  years,  under  the  direction  of  the 
health  officer  and  the  medical  inspectors.  In  April,  1908,  an 
appropriation  was  made  by  the  municipality,  and  in  September, 
1908,  two  municipal  nurses  began  their  work.*  In  1906,  the 
care  of  tuberculous  patients  was  commenced  by  this  association 
in  connection  with  the  health  board  and  the  Post  Graduate 
clinics.  Milk  and  eggs  were  furnished  for  needy  patients,  and 
the  services  were  continued  for  two  years.  In  1908,  the  Society 
for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis  employed  four 
nurses,  and  they  are  supervised  by  the  Visiting  Nurse  Associa- 
tion. Each  summer  the  nurses  do  considerable  Fresh  Air 
work.  During  the  year  several  churches  sent,  in  rotation, 
weekly  supplies  of  fruit,  cereals,  malted  milk,  jellies,  etc.  for  the 
sick  and  needy  patients.  Members  of  a  school  alumnae  make 
soft  and  fluid  diets  twice  a  week  and  distribute  them  where 
needed. 

*  See  page  139. 
141 


MICHIGAN 

FLINT 

The  Opportunity  Circle  of  the  King's  Daughters,  724  Garland 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month,  board,  and  room. 

Hours:  7:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  is  maintained  for  all  necessary  sick- 
room supplies,  bed  linen,  infants'  outfits,  clothing,  etc.,  and 
milk,  eggs,  medicines,  groceries,  jellies,  and  fruits,  are  fur- 
nished when  needed.  A  small  fee  is  charged  where  patients  are 
able  to  pay.  There  is  an  emergency  room  in  lieu  of  a  hospital, 
in  which  emergency  cases  are  cared  for,  or  patients  who  cannot 
properly  be  treated  at  home.  An  assistant  nurse  is  employed 
when  the  work  demands  it. 

GRAND  RAPIDS 

The  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society,  Nurse's  Office,  23  Park  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  27,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  society  pays  the  salary  of  one  nurse  who 
is  a  member  of  the  District  Nursing  Association  staff  and  de- 
votes her  entire  time  to  tuberculosis  patients.  The  nurse 
attends  the  clinics  at  the  Free  Dispensary,  visits  the  patients 
in  their  homes,  gives  nursing  care  to  the  bed  patients,  instructs 
the  families  in  sanitary  laws,  and  helps  them  to  adjust  the  home 
conditions  in  a  way  that  will  be  favorable  to  the  patient's  re- 
covery, and  to  their  own  protection.  Sputum  cups  are  supplied 
by  the  dispensary. 

Board  of  Education,  School  Nursing  Department,  Nurses' 
Office,  23  Park  Street. 

Established  in  May,  1905. 

142 


MICHIGAN 

Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  service  was  started  experimentally  by  the 
District  Nursing  Association  with  one  nurse,  who  continued  the 
work  for  seven  months.  In  that  time  the  necessity  for  medical 
and  nursing  care  of  school  children  was  so  well  demonstrated, 
that  medical  inspection  was  started  on  January  2,  1906,  by 
volunteer  physicians  under  the  supervision  of  the  Board  of 
Health.  On  January  22,  1906,  two  visiting  nurses  were  ap- 
pointed on  the  nursing  staff.  The  salaries  are  paid  by  the 
Board  of  Education  to  the  District  Nursing  Association,  and 
the  latter  supervises  the  work.  During  school  hours  the  nurses 
are  busy  in  the  schools,  and  later  they  visit  the  parents  of  the 
excluded  pupils  to  explain  the  necessity  of  following  the  advice 
of  the  medical  inspectors. 

District  Nursing  Association,  23  Park  Street. 

Established  in  1893. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Visiting  nursing  in  Grand  Rapids  was 
first  started  by  a  committee  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society. 
It  is  now  carried  on  as  an  independent  association  which  intro- 
duced nursing  into  the  public  schools,  started  the  care  of  tubercu- 
lous patients,  and  now  supervises  all  three  departments, — general 
nursing,  school,  and  tuberculosis  work.  A  supply  closet  fur- 
nishes bed  linen,  clothing,  maternity  outfits,  and  sick-room 
appliances,  which  are  loaned;  milk  and  eggs  are  given  when 
necessary,  also  infants'  outfits  and  new  and  old  clothing  for 
children.  A  Neighborhood  Basket  is  sent  into  different  neigh- 
borhoods each  week,  the  papers  advertising  the  address  and 

143 


MICHIGAN 

asking  friends  of  the  District  Nursing  Association  to  contribute. 
Each  Friday  the  basket  is  returned  to  the  office,  and  on  Saturday 
the  nurses  distribute  the  supplies  received. 

HOUGHTON 
Houghton  County  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society,  97  Shelden  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $100  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

ISHPEMING 
The  Cleveland-Cliffs  Iron  Company,  Sociological  Department. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  6,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  looks  after  the  employes  and  their 
families.  There  is  a  Rest  Farm  where  women  in  need  of  rest 
or  recreation  may  be  sent,  and  remain  as  long  as  necessary.  A 
benefit  association  provides  for  the  injured  and  aged  employes, 
and  cares  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  men  who  have  been 
killed  while  at  work. 

JACKSON 

The   Town    Improvement   Society,    Young   Women's    Christian 
Association  Rooms,  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  17,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $20  per  week. 
Hours:  Irregular;  whenever  called. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

144 


MICHIGAN 

Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen   and   clothing  may  be  loaned  or  given 
away.     Jellies  and  nourishment  are  supplied  to  very  ill  patients. 

KALAMAZOO 

Women's   Civic    Improvement   League,   320   West    Kalamazoo 

Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses :    Two. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  one  free  afternoon  each  week. 

Only  emergency  calls  are  made  on  Sunday. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  Nurses'  Supply  Club  of  the  First  Methodist 

Church  furnishes  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

The  league  has  five  wheel  chairs  in  constant  use  by  patients. 

Special  diets  are  provided  when  necessary. 

LANSING 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  210  Capital  Avenue. 
Established  May  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $65  per  month  and  carfare. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.;  Sundays  and  one  afternoon  of  each 

week  excepted.     Emergency  cases  are  answered  at  all  times. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  fee  varying  from  $.10  to  $.50  per  visit  is  charged 

when  the  patient  is  able  to  pay. 

MARQUETTE 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Room  26,  Harlow  Block. 
Established  December  7,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $70  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

10  145 


MICHIGAN 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  This  association  supplies  food  and  clothing  when 

necessary,  also  work  for  those  who  need  it. 

MUSKEGON 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Forest  Avenue. 

Established  in  February,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $40  per  month,  board,  laundry,  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;   Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  supplies  bed  linen,  clothing,  infants' 
outfits,  sick-room  appliances,  and  wheel  chairs.  The  Neighbor- 
hood Basket  is  taken  in  rotation  by  the  members  of  the  asso- 
ciation, kept  for  a  month,  and  filled  with  all  sorts  of  necessaries 
and  delicacies  by  their  friends.  Some  of  the  public  school 
teachers  interest  their  pupils  in  bringing  fresh  eggs,  jellies, 
fruit,  etc.  During  the  canning  season  in  the  fall,  "Fruit  Show- 
ers" are  held,  when  large  supplies  of  all  kinds  of  home-canned 
things  are  received  for  the  nurse's  patients. 

owosso 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  408  Park  Street. 
Established  November  2,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  Anti-Tuberculosis  Society. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  is  maintained,  and  a  Neighborhood 

Basket  furnishes  food  and  delicacies. 

SAGINAW 
Saginaw  General  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1904. 

146 


MINNESOTA 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $45  per  month,  with  room,  board,  and  laundry  at  the 
hospital. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Paper  napkins,  bags,  milk,  eggs,  meat,  and  other 
nourishment  are  supplied  to  patients.  Bed  linen,  sick-room 
appliances,  and  beds  are  loaned  when  necessary. 

MINNESOTA 

MINNEAPOLIS 
Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Committee  of  the  Associated  Chari- 
ties, City  and  County  Building. 

Established  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Seven. 

Salaries:  $50,  $55,  and  $60  per  month  and  uniforms. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.  On  Sundays  the  nurses  alternate 
in  visiting  only  very  ill  patients. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  specializes  in  obstetrical  cases;  one  has 
charge  of  incurable  patients,  not  including  tuberculosis,  and 
three  do  general  nursing  and  tuberculosis  work.  A  day  camp 
is  maintained  for  tuberculous  children.  Milk,  eggs,  cots, 
bedding,  warm  clothing,  window  tents,  and  large  tents  are 
supplied  for  the  patients.  Bed  linen,  infants'  outfits,  and  gen- 
eral supplies  are  furnished  for  the  use  of  all. 

In  summer  sick  babies  are  sent  to  the  City  Hospital  Camp, 
which  is  maintained  in  a  large  tent  erected  on  the  hospital 
grounds.  The  senior  pupil  nurses  from  St.  Barnabas  Hospital 
are  given  a  course  of  visiting  nursing  under  the  supervision  of 
the  graduate  nurses. 

ST.  PAUL 
Anti-Tuberculosis   Committee,   401    New   York    Life   Building, 
Sixth  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  7,  1908. 

147 


MINNESOTA 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salary:  $75  and  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Sundays  are  free  and  each  nurse 
has  one  half  day  a  week  off  duty. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Funds  for  the  work  were  raised  by  a  Tag  Day, 
and  a  gift  of  $2500.  Sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,  nourishment, 
and  any  necessary  relief  may  be  furnished.  A  loan  closet  pro- 
vides reclining  chairs  and  necessary  sick-room  appliances. 

The  Associated  Charities  of  St.  Paul,  609  Baltimore  Building. 

Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  November  1,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses :  Qne. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours :  8  30  a.  m.  to  5  30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  visiting  nursing  department  was 
the  first  work  of  the  kind  in  St.  Paul.  The  nurse  has  had 
training  in  Charity  Organization  methods  and  principles  besides 
her  professional  training.  Two  churches  and  a  group  of  be- 
nevolent individuals  maintain  a  fund  for  milk  and  eggs.  Two 
women's  associations  frequently  furnish  nourishing  food  for 
patients  who  are  very  ill. 

Instructive  Visiting  Nurse   Department  of  the  Amherst  H. 
Wilder  Charity,  246  Endicott  Building. 
Established  November  15,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Salary:  $65  per  month. 
Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  have  a  loan  closet,  and  furnish  milk 
and  eggs  when  necessary. 


148 


MISSOURI 

MISSOURI 
KANSAS  CITY 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  1115  Charlotte  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1889;   Association  formed  in  1891. 

Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Salaries:  Supervisor,  $60  first  year,  $70  thereafter;  assistants,  $50 
first  year,  $60  thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  service  is  the  outgrowth  of  work 
started  by  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Kansas  City. 
In  1891,  this  association  was  organized  and  took  over  the  work  of 
the  church.  A  well-stocked  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen, 
clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances.  A  diet  committee  supplies 
milk,  eggs,  broths,  medicines,  and  delicacies  of  various  kinds. 
A  small  fee  is  usually  charged. 

The  nurses  visit  the  tuberculosis  clinic  of  the  Post-Graduate 
Medical  College,  follow  up  the  patients  in  their  homes,  provide 
them  with  instructive  literature,  nourishment  and  medicines. 
A  special  sum  of  money  is  given  to  the  association  to  provide 
car-rides  for  tuberculosis  patients. 

ST.  LOUIS 

Epworth  District  Nursing  Association,  3019  Bell  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  September,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance. 

Hours:  Irregular;  whenever  called. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  nurses  are  trained  nurse-deaconesses,  and  have 
no  salaries  save  the  usual  deaconess'  allowance  and  all  living 
expenses.  Small  fees  are  expected  whenever  the  family  can  pay. 
A  loan  closet  is  supplied  with  all  kinds  of  necessary  appliances 
for  the  sick  room,  besides  bed  linen,  clothing,  surgical  dress- 
ings,   etc.     Special   provisions    are    made    for   operations   and 

149 


MISSOURI 

obstetrical   cases   in   private  homes.     Sterilized   dressings   and 
all  appliances  are  loaned  when  necessary. 

Kingdom  House,  803  Hickory  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  October,  1896. 

Number  of  nurses:  One,  permanently;  two  during  the  summer 
months. 

Salary:  $25  per  month  with  board  and  laundry. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 
Contagious  cases  are  visited  once  and  sent  to  a  hospital  as  soon 
as  possible.  Tuberculous  cases  are  referred  to  the  Society  for 
the  Relief  and  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis. 

Plan  of  Work:  Kingdom  House  is  a  social  settlement,  and  the 
nursing  is  one  of  its  activities.  There  is  a  Babies'  Clinic  at  the 
settlement  in  charge  of  the  nurse  and  the  district  physician. 
The  nurse  also  has  charge  of  a  pure  milk  station  at  the  house, 
which  is  open  daily  from  8  to  9  a.  m.  She  has  a  linen  closet 
provided  with  bed  linen,  gowns,  and  maternity  bags  to  give  or 
loan,  a  closet  of  clothing  for  the  needy,  and  a  fund  with  which 
to  buy  milk  and  necessary  medicines.  She  may  use  this  fund 
also  for  paying  the  insurance  of  patients  for  a  limited  time. 
Much  of  the  nurse's  time  is  spent  in  caring  for  the  sick  babies 
brought  to  the  settlement  dispensary. 
St.  Louis  Provident  Association,  1623  Washington  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1894. 

Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Salaries:  From  $40  to  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Tuberculous  patients  are  referred  to  the  Tubercu- 
losis Society.  Every  morning  the  nurses  inspect  the  children 
who  attend  the  association's  day  nursery  and  on  the  physicians' 
orders,  supply  free  milk  for  any  who  need  such  help.  Medicine 
and  nourishment  are  furnished  when  patients  are  unable  to 
procure  them  in  any  other  way.  Needlework  guilds  give  bed 
linen  and  clothing. 

150 


MISSOURI 

Under  the  supervision  of  the  nurses,  women  are  trained  as 
attendants  to  care  for  patients.  They  receive  a  special  course 
of  lectures  at  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  after 
which  they  are  admitted  to  the  nursing  staff  as  pupils,  two  at 
a  time,  and  given  one  month's  practical  experience  in  the  homes. 

St.  Louis  Society  for  the  Relief  and  Prevention  of  Tubercu- 
losis, 625  Locust  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  10,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Salaries:  $50  and  $90  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. ;  Sundays  excepted. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  attend  all  the  tuberculosis  clinics  in 
the  city,  receiving  from  them,  from  the  churches,  and  from  all 
charitable  associations  the  addresses  of  patients  to  be  visited. 
They  also  visit  the  discharged  patients  of  Mt.  St.  Rose  Hospital 
and  the  city  hospitals,  teaching  them  how  to  care  for  themselves 
and  prevent  the  spread  of  the  disease  in  their  families. 

Washington  University  Hospital,  611  North  Jefferson  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  by  the  pupil  nurses  February  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two — one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  $60  per  month  for  supervisor. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.  The  pupils  are  on  duty  from  7  a.  m.  to 
5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  On  March  1,  1909,  a  supervising  nurse  was  en- 
gaged to  take  charge  of  the  work.  The  nurses  accompany  the 
physician  of  the  Lying-in  Department  in  obstetrical  cases, 
assist  him  during  the  confinement,  utilizing  to  the  best  advan- 
tage whatever  they  may  find  in  the  house  to  work  with,  and 
make  a  daily  call  upon  each  patient  for  ten  days.  While  on 
rounds  they  keep  in  touch  with  the  hospital  by  telephone,  and 
thus  learn  of  new  cases.     No  night  calls  are  made. 


151 


NEBRASKA 

NEBRASKA 
LINCOLN 
Charity  Organization  Society,  Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  October  i,  1904. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  carried  on  by  a  graduate  nurse,  who 
does  hourly  nursing  also  on  her  own  responsibility.  The  gen- 
eral district  work  comes  through  the  Charity  Organization 
Society,  the  latter  paying  $.50  per  visit  for  the  nurse's  services. 

OMAHA 
Immanuel  Lutheran  Church,  19th  and  Cass  Streets. 

A  graduate  deaconess  nurse  began  visiting  nursing  in  connection 

with  her  other  church  duties  in  1905. 
Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance  and  all  expenses. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Clothing  and  food  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

Visiting  Nurse  Association,  3305  Burt  Street. 

Established  in  1896. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  WTork:  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  contagious  cases 
when  necessary.  There  are  also  a  number  of  caretakers  who 
may  be  engaged  to  stay  with  patients  needing  constant  care. 
The  nurses  have  bed  linen  and  clothing  to  give  or  lend,  also 
infants'  outfits  and  sick-room  necessities,  nourishment  for  the 
very  sick,  and  medicine.  For  tuberculous  patients  they  supply 
sputum  cups,  and  loan  window  tents,  reclining  chairs,  etc. 


152 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

BERLIN 
Berlin  Instructive  District  Nursing  Fund. 

Established  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  supported  by  the  Berlin  Mills  Com- 
pany, largely  for  the  benefit  of  the  employes.  Emergency  calls 
are  answered  at  all  times;  but  only  patients  who  are  very  ill 
are  visited  on  Sundays  and  holidays.  A  horse  and  carriage  is 
at  the  nurse's  disposal. 

CONCORD 

Concord  District  Nursing  Association,  234  North  Main  Street. 

Established  December  1,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four;  two  are  senior  pupils  from  the  New 
Hampshire  State  Hospital  Training  School. 

Salaries:  $50  and  $35,  with  all  expenses,  for  the  two  graduate 
nurses. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Obstetrical  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  State  Hospital. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  the  pupils  from  the  hospital  receive  three 
months'  visiting  nursing  work  in  the  districts  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  association.  The  nurses'  services  may  be  obtained 
through  a  physician  only.  A  small  fee,  from  $.10  to  $.50, 
is  charged  for  ordinary  cases;  night  visits,  $1.00  to  $2.00;  as- 
sistance at  surgical  operations,  $1.00  to  $3.00;  obstetrical  cases, 
$1.00  to  $5.00.  No  fees  are  collected  from  the  very  poor.  Sick- 
room appliances  are  kept  on  hand.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
infants'  outfits  may  be  loaned  or  given  away. 
The  Concord  Diet  Kitchen,  a  separate  organization,  supplies 
153 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

nourishing  broths  to  all  patients  recommended  by  the  nurses. 
Free  transportation  over  the  street  railways  has  been  given  to 
the  nurses  for  eight  years  past.  The  association  has  given  the 
services  of  its  head  nurse  to  the  department  of  education  for 
three  months'  public  school  nursing.  This  has  been  so  success- 
ful that  it  is  probable  the  work  will  be  permanently  assumed  by 
the  city. 

DANBURY 

Church  Settlement  Association. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  Supervisor,  $50;  assistant,  $40  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  This  is  a  scattered  rural  district  including  several 
villages  with  long  distances  between  each.  Aside  from  their 
professional  duties,  the  nurses  give  lessons  in  home  nursing, 
first  aid  to  the  injured,  cooking,  dressmaking,  and  rugmaking. 
They  also  have  charge  of  a  small  and  complete  cottage  hospital, 
which  has  recently  been  built  by  private  subscription.  This 
is  the  only  hospital  within  a  radius  of  forty  miles.  In  connec- 
tion with  the  hospital  is  a  dispensary,  which  ministers  to  a 
large  number  of  people. 

DERRY 
Derry  Nursing  Association,  62  E.  Broadway. 

Established  in  February,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $15  per  week. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuber- 
culous. 

Affiliations:  The  Women's  Club. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  manufacturing  town,  composed  largely  of 
shoe  factories,  and  the  nurse  finds  very  few  families  too  poor  to 

154 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

pay  her  the  schedule  price  per  visit.  General  charges  are  $.25 
per  hour;  $2.00  for  confinement  cases,  and  $.25  cents  for  each 
after  visit.     Massage,  $1.00. 

DOVER 
Dover  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  January  11,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $15  per  week. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,    and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:   A  loan  closet  provides  bed  linen,  clothing,  and 

necessary  sick-room  supplies.     Dover  has  a  large  manufacturing 

population,  and  few  patients  are  unable  to  pay  the  nominal  fee 

charged  for  the  nurse's  services. 

FRANKLIN 
The  Ladies'  Hospital  Aid  Society. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Charity  Organization  Society. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  society  had  its  inception  in  January, 
1900,  when  a  small  group  of  women  met  with  the  purpose  of 
arranging  a  public  meeting  to  discuss  building  a  hospital.  A 
bequest  of  $5000  for  hospital  purposes  had  been  left  by  Mrs. 
Sally  Proctor  in  the  hands  of  trustees,  but  in  consideration  of 
the  cost  of  building  and  maintenance,  it  was  decided  to  organize 
the  Hospital  Aid  Society;  its  objects  were  to  provide  nursing 
care,  clothing,  bedding,  and  sanitary  supplies  for  the  indigent 
sick,  and  emergency  supplies  for  accidents,  and  to  encourage 
the  establishment  of  a  hospital  as  soon  as  the  funds  would  war- 
rant it.     Other  charitable  work  may  also  be  undertaken. 

155 


NEW   HAMPSHIRE 

The  women  retain  entire  control  by  limiting  the  privilege  of 
voting  in  the  society  to  women.  Men  may  become  honorary 
members  by  the  payment  of  annual  dues  of  $2.00,  but  have  no 
vote.  Women  and  children  become  members  by  the  payment 
of  $1.00  and  $.25  dues  respectively.  For  assistance  in  case 
of  accident,  emergency  boxes  containing  all  necessary  supplies 
have  been  placed  in  the  manufacturing  establishments  and  the 
railroad  stations  of  the  city.  An  operating  table  owned  by  the 
society  and  available  to  all  physicians  is  kept  at  the  City  Hall. 
The  nurses  answer  calls  from  physicians  only. 

KEENE 
Elliott  City  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  are  sent  to  patients  who  pay  for 
their  services  at  the  full  price,  or  in  such  sums  as  their  means 
allow.  A  Charity  Nursing  Fund  reimburses  the  hospital  in 
cases  where  patients  cannot  afford  to  pay  any  fee.  Since 
1906,  the  student  nurses  have  had  a  four  months'  course  under 
the  Instructive  District  Nursing  Association  of  Boston,  receiving, 
a  certificate  at  the  close  of  their  course  there. 

LISBON 
The  Lisbon  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  February  22,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Calls  are  answered  at  all  hours,  day  or  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

MANCHESTER 
Manchester  District  Nursing  Association,  City  Mission,  Cor. 
Bush  and  Merrimack  Streets. 
Established  November  10,  1898. 

156 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

Number  of  nurses:  Three — one  graduate  and  two  pupils. 

Salary :  $50  per  month  for  supervisor. 

Hours:  Nine  hours. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  City  Mission. 

NASHUA 

Good  Cheer  Society. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month  and  transportation. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.  with  two  hours  of  rest  at  noon.  Sun- 
days and  holidays  8-10  a.  m.  and  1-3  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Charity  Organization  and  Woman's  Club. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  object  of  the  society  is  to  carry  cheer  and 
help  to  the  sick  and  poor  of  the  city  of  Nashua  in  any  form 
except  that  of  money.  The  membership  is  limited  to  25  women 
who  may  not  be  less  than  21  years  old,  and  who  must  be  un- 
married when  admitted.  These  rules  do  not  apply  to  honorary 
members,  of  whom  there  are  a  number.  A  supply  closet  is 
maintained  which  enables  the  nurse  to  furnish  bed  linen  and 
clothing.  She  also  gives  provisions,  and  milk  and  eggs  in 
limited  quantities.  The  members  of  the  society  make  friendly 
calls  and  carry  flowers,  fruit,  broth,  and  jellies  with  them. 
Patients  are  expected  to  pay  the  nurse  from  $.05  to  $.40  a  visit 
according  to  their  circumstances,  but  free  visits  are  also  made. 

PETERBORO 

Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  January,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month  with  board,  room,  and  laundry. 

Hours:  About  nine. 

157 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  January,  1907,  a  graduate  nurse 
was  engaged  for  three  months  experimentally,  the  expenses 
being  borne  by  a  philanthropic  resident.  At  the  end  of  that 
time  an  association  was  formed,  and  the  work  is  now  supported 
by  annual  subscriptions  of  $1.00,  and  by  contributions  from 
friends.  Night  calls  are  made  when  necessary.  The  scale  of 
fees  is:  one  hour's  visit,  $.30;  one  day,  $3.00;  one  night,  $2.00; 
twenty-four  hours,  $4;  assisting  the  physician  in  obstetrical 
cases,  $2.00;  preparing  for  operation  and  assisting,  from  $.50 
to  $3.00. 

PLYMOUTH 
Emily  Balch  Cottage  Hospital  Association.* 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1900. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  and  living  expenses  at  hospital. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

WALPOLE 
Walpole  District  Nurse. 

Established  in  May,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  supported  by  a  philanthropic  resident 
of  Walpole.  It  is  conducted  and  supervised  by  a  committee  of 
ladies  representing  the  various  churches,  members  of  which 
donate  all  necessary  articles  for  the  loan  closet.  A  fee  of  $.25 
an  hour  is  charged  to  all  who  are  able  to  pay.  This  money 
goes  towards  the  nurse's  salary.  Nourishment  is  furnished  for 
very  ill  and  needy  patients. 

*  This  association  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

158 


NEW  JERSEY 

NEW  JERSEY 
BERNARDSVILLE 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Bernardsville. 

Established  November  i,  1903;  incorporated  in  June,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $100  per  month.  The  association  also  gives  the  nurse  a 
furnished  house,  light  and  fuel,  a  stable,  horse,  carriage,  and 
driver. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  The  work  was  founded  by  the  rector  of 
St.  Bernards  Episcopal  Church  and  was  originally  intended  as 
a  parish  activity.  The  inevitable  broadening  of  the  work  made 
it  necessary  to  form  an  association,  which  was  incorporated  in 
June,  1907.  The  nurse's  visits  cover  an  area  of  some  twenty 
square  miles  and  include  several  small  villages.  Calls  are  ac- 
cepted only  upon  the  orders  of  physicians.  Two  rooms  in  the 
Nurse's  Home  are  reserved  for  emergency  cases  and  for  an 
extra  nurse.  There  is  also  a  well-equipped  First  Aid  Room, 
where  minor  operations  and  dressings  may  be  performed  for 
patients  who  are  able  to  go  there.  Supplies  of  all  sorts  both  to 
give  and  to  loan  are  kept  on  hand. 

Once  a  year  the  association  meets  at  the  nurse's  home  for  a 
public  conference.  The  residents  of  the  villages  are  invited 
to  attend,  and  the  house  is  open  for  inspection.  The  following 
schedule  of  fees  is  maintained:  for  single  visits,  from  $.05  to 
$1.00;  operations  including  preparation  of  room  and  patient, 
from  $1.00  to  $5.00;  confinements,  including  eight  subsequent 
visits,  from  $2.00  upwards.  Extra  charges  are  made  for  night 
calls,  and  special  rates  for  chronic  cases.  The  nurse  is  in  her 
office  at  certain  hours  to  take  new  calls  or  to  loan  articles  from 
the  supply  closet.     A  small  charge  is  made  for  the  use  of  these. 

BLOOMFIELD 

Westinghouse  Lamp  Company. 

Established  a  social  service  department  in  July,  1907. 

159 


NEW  JERSEY 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  nurse  was  at  first  engaged  for  this  work,  but 
later  it  was  given  over  to  a  physician  who  was  also  a  graduate 
of  the  Bellevue  Training  School.  A  hospital  for  the  care  of 
emergency  cases  is  maintained,  and  a  polyclinic  open  every  after- 
noon, where  medical,  surgical,  nose,  throat,  eye,  ear,  and  skin 
cases  are  prescribed  for  and  treated.  The  physician  takes  an 
interest  in  the  social  welfare  of  the  employes,  and  is  doctor, 
nurse,  and  friend  to  all. 

BOUND  BROOK 
The  Woman's  Literary  Club  and  Library  Association,  211  West 

Second  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  9,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month  and  lodging. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  All  patients  are  expected  to  pay  a  fee  for  the  nurse's 

services  according  to  their  means.     For  operations,  including 

the  preparation  of  the  room  and  the  patient,  $2.00  is  charged; 

for  confinements,   including  daily  calls  for  nine  days,   $3.00; 

for  ordinary  nursing  visits   to  medical  cases,   $.35  per  hour. 

The  collection  of  fees  is  left  to  the  discretion  of  the  nurse.     A 

loan  closet  supplies  all  necessary  appliances  for  the  sick  room, 

and  comforts  for  the  patients. 

BURLINGTON 

The  Friendly  Institution. 

Charitable  society  organized  in  1796;  established  a  district  nursing 

department  in  1901. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $30  per  month  and  board. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 

160 


NEW  JERSEY 

CHATHAM 
See  Milburn. 

EAST  ORANGE 
East  Orange  Aid  to  the  Sick. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  20,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — head  nurse  and  assistant. 

Salaries:  $100  and  $60  respectively. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Emergency  or  maternity  calls  are  accepted  at  all 
hours.  The  regular  fee  for  hourly  visits  during  the  day  is 
$.50;  after  8  p.  m.,  $1.00  per  hour.  Charges  for  visits  to  the 
poor  are  made  at  the  discretion  of  the  head  nurse.  A  fee 
of  $3.50  is  asked  for  attendance  at  operations  with  preparation 
of  the  patient  and  room.  Minor  operations  are  at  lower  rates. 
For  maternity  cases,  including  the  time  of  delivery  and  visits 
for  nine  days  afterward,  $5.00. 

ELIZABETH 

Charity  Organization  Society,  Room  12,  Court  House. 

Established  a  visiting  nursing  department  January  15,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
sick-room  appliances.  Through  the  interest  of  friends  of  the 
work,  the  nurse  may  give  necessary  nourishment  in  special 
cases  when  the  patients  are  unable  to  procure  it  themselves. 

HACKENSACK 
Children's  Relief  Society,  and  the  Hackensack  Board  of  Health. 

Established  visiting  nursing  July  26,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 

11  161 


NEW  JERSEY 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  daily;  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays 

excepted. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

HILTON 

See  South  Orange. 

JERSEY  CITY 

Board  of  Health,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  April,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  tuber- 
culous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  treat  the  children  in  the  schools,  fol- 
lowing out  the  physician's  orders,  and  visit  excluded  pupils 
to  see  that  they  are  receiving  proper  treatment,  or  to  explain 
the  doctor's  orders,  and  show  the  mothers  how  to  carry  them  out. 

Board  of  Health,  Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  in  January,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  received  from  the  City  Hospital,  Free 
Dispensary,  and  all  the  city  physicians. 

LAKEWOOD 

Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Lakewood,  Fourth  Street. 
Established  September  25,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  are  answered  when- 
ever received. 

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NEW   JERSEY 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  An  unofficial  committee  of  men  and  women  carry 
on  this  work.  It  is  sustained  by  contributions,  the  fees  of 
patients,  and  by  money  received  from  entertainments  given  for 
this  purpose.  Milk,  eggs,  and  other  nourishment  are  supplied 
when  the  patients  are  unable  to  procure  them  in  sufficient 
quantities.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  other  supplies  are  fur- 
nished when  necessary. 

MADISON 
The  Town  Improvement   Department  of  the  Thursday  Morn- 
ing Club,  Visiting  Nurse  Committee,  67  Green  Avenue. 

Established  October  15,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.  Only  emergency  calls  answered  at 
night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  assisted  in  her  work  by  one  of  the 
committee  who  has  had  some  experience  in  the  Bureau  of  Char- 
ities of  a  nearby  city.  The  aim  of  the  friendly  visitor  is  to 
help  the  patients  or  their  families  to  help  themselves.  Medical 
treatment,  food,  clothing,  and  work  have  been  secured  through 
the  co-operation  of  interested  people. 

MAPLEWOOD  (Old  Short  Hills) 
See  Milburn. 

MILBURN 
The  Neighborhood  Association  of  Milburn  Township. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $85  per  month. 

Hours :  Irregular.     One  half  holiday  each  week  is  given. 

163 


Of  THt 

UNIVERSITY 

OF 


NEW  JERSEY 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  township  includes  Wyoming,  Short  Hills, 
Chatham,  White  Oak  Ridge,  Springfield,  Maplewood,  and  Old 
Short  Hills.  The  nurse  instructs  a  class  of  Italian  and  Polish 
women  in  the  care  of  babies  and  in  simple  home  nursing.  A 
"Delicacies  Committee"  furnishes  nourishment  and  delicacies 
for  the  sick  and  feeble.  In  the  summer,  ice  and  milk  for  sick 
babies  are  provided  for  needy  families.  A  loan  closet  con- 
tains articles  which  may  be  borrowed  only  on  the  written  order 
of  a  physician.  Duplicate  lists  are  made  out,  one  of  which  is 
given  to  the  doctor,  and  he  is  held  responsible  for  the  return 
of  the  articles  in  good  condition.  The  nurse  is  allowed  to 
make  visits  in  the  neighboring  towns  of  Springfield  and  Maple- 
wood,  upon  payment  of  the  usual  fee.  No  free  calls  are  made 
outside  the  township. 

MONTCLAIR 

The  Montclair  Colony  of  New  England  Women,  47  Park  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  5,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month  and  room. 
Hours :  Irregular.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  Maternity  bags  are  supplied  for  obstetrical  cases. 

MOORESTOWN 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  January  15,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $25  per  month,  with  board,  laundry,  and  one-half  the 

amount  of  fees  collected. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  June  15,  1906,  the  Current  Events 

164 


NEW  JERSEY 

Club  formed  a  Visiting  Nurse  Department  and  engaged  the  Mt. 
Holly  nurse  for  a  part  of  the  time,  to  carry  on  the  work  in  Moores- 
town.  In  September,  1907,  an  independent  association  was 
formed  with  the  approval  of  the  Current  Events  Club,  and  a 
nurse  was  engaged  who -could  devote  her  entire  time  to  the 
Moorestown  district.  The  township  has  appropriated  money 
on  two  occasions  for  surgical  supplies,  and  gave  $50  towards 
running  expenses  for  1909.  The  association  loans  sick-room 
appliances,  bed  linen,  etc.  when  necessary. 

MT.  HOLLY 
The  Woman's  League,  12  Union  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  9,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  and  one-half  the  fees  collected  after  neces- 
sary expenditures  for  medicines,  etc.  are  deducted.     All  fees 
collected  at  night  belong  to  the  nurse. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.     Only  emergency  calls  from  physicians 

answered  at  night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  charge  of  $.10  a  visit  is  usually  made  for  ordi- 
nary cases;  $5.00  for  obstetrical  cases  for  the  nurse's  services 
with  the  physician  at  time  of  birth,  and  as  many  subsequent 
calls  as  necessary.  A  loan  closet  is  maintained  for  necessary 
supplies,  and  nourishment  is  given  when  needed. 

• 
NEWARK 
Joint  Committee  for  the  Better  Care  and  Feeding  of  Infants, 
12  Academy  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  July,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  About  eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Improperly  fed  and  sick  infants  only. 
Affiliations:  The  Babies'  Hospital;  Associated  Charities;  Visiting 
Nurse  Association ;  Newark  Social  Settlement. 

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NEW  JERSEY 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1893,  Dr.  Henry  L.  Coit  organized 
the  first  "Pure  Milk  Movement,"  and  through  his  efforts  the 
Babies'  Hospital  Milk  Dispensary  modifies  milk  for  sick  babies. 
Later,  the  Joint  Committee  was  formed.  There  are  now  five 
milk  stations  in  Newark,  at  the  Babies'  Hospital,  The  Bethany 
Dispensary,  The  Canal  Street  Playground,  The  Newark  Social 
Settlement,  and  the  Newton  Street  Playground.  These  sta- 
tions are  in  charge  of  two  trained  nurses.  The  nurses  distribute 
the  milk  at  the  stations,  visit  and  instruct  the  mothers  in  the 
homes,  and  keep  statistics.  When  possible,  a  small  price  is 
charged  for  the  milk. 

Ladies'  Benevolent  and  Missionary  Society  of  the  North  Re- 
formed Church. 

Established  visiting  nursing  December  8,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  services  are  given  almost  wholly  to 

the  sick  poor  in  the  parish.     Clothing  and  food  are  supplied 

when  necessary. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Charities  Building,  10  Academy 
Street. 

Established  November  15,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses :  Five. 

Salaries:  $50,  $60,  and  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  daily. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  State  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis 
and  the  Mutual  Aid  Association  of  a  large  department  store. 

Plan  of  Work:  In  addition  to  the  regular  visiting  nursing,  special 
interest  is  taken  in  the  tuberculosis  work.  Circulars  of  in- 
struction have  been  published  by  the  association  and  distrib- 
uted among  the  patients.     The  State  Society  for  the  Preven- 

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NEW  JERSEY 

tion  of  Tuberculosis  refers  all  patients  to  the  Visiting  Nurse 
Association.  The  nurses  report  to  the  Board  of  Health  all 
houses  requiring  disinfection  after  death  or  removal  of  patients, 
and  the  board  supplies  all  disinfectants  needed  for  daily  use. 

A  day  camp  was  started  in  the  summer  of  1908  at  Arsdale 
Terrace  in  the  Vailsborough  district.  This  is  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  and  one  of  the  staff 
is  in  charge. 

Milk  and  eggs  may  be  supplied,  also  drugs,  sick-room  appli- 
ances, invalid  chairs,  cots,  paper  napkins,  and  many  luxuries 
that  would  otherwise  be  beyond  the  patients'  means. 

Two  of  the  day  nurseries  are  visited  by  the  nurses  three  times 
a  week,  and  in  1905  arrangements  were  made  with  a  large 
department  store  to  care  for  their  employes  when  ill.  The 
Mutual  Aid  Association  of  the  store  pays  the  visiting  nurse 
association  $.25  a  visit. 

NEW  BRUNSWICK 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  New  Brunswick,  96  Carroll 
Place. 

Established  in  July,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $55  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  answered  whenever 
received. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Jersey  Blue  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

Plan  of  Work:  Ten  tents  are  available  for  tuberculosis  patients. 
Sputum  cups  and  warm  clothing  are  provided  for  very  needy 
cases.  The  medical  inspector  of  the  public  schools  refers  all 
sick  pupils  to  the  visiting  nurse.  The  Board  of  Health  has 
supplied  a  thoroughly  equipped  bag  for  the  care  of  contagious 
patients.  A  "lending  outfit"  is  maintained  for  the  use  of 
those  in  extreme  need.  An  arrangement  has  been  made  with 
the  firm  of  Johnson  and  Johnson,  manufacturers  of  Red  Cross 

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NEW  JERSEY 

supplies,  whereby  all  cases  of  illness  among  their  employes  or 
their  families  are  reported  to  the  nurse  and  cared  for  by  her. 
There  is  a  dispensary  fully  equipped  with  surgical  instruments 
and  supplies,  where  the  nurse  is  in  attendance  certain  hours 
several  days  in  the  week,  and  a  physician  is  always  on  call. 
The  association  expects  to  have  in  the  near  future  a  modified 
milk  station,  and  a  day  camp  for  sick  babies. 

ORANGE 

Anti-Tuberculosis  Committee,  124  Essex  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  tuberculosis  clinics  at  the 
Orange  Memorial  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  follows  up  the 
patients  in  their  homes,  and  visits  the  patients  referred  to  her 
by  private  practitioners.  The  committee  gives  no  relief,  but 
refers  all  cases  needing  aid  to  the  proper  agencies.  The  bed 
patients  are  cared  for  by  the  Nurses'  Settlement;  extra  nour- 
ishment is  given  by  the  Diet  Kitchen;  the  Bureau  of  Charities 
gives  financial  assistance;  while  patients  who  cannot  be  cared 
for  at  home  are  transferred  to  the  tuberculosis  pavilion  of  the 
Orange  Memorial  Hospital. 

Patients  living  at  home  are  instructed,  and,  if  necessary, 
they  are  provided  with  outfits  for  living  out-of-doors.  These 
outfits  may  be  loaned  or  given  away.  The  nurse  distributes 
paper  bags  and  napkins,  sputum  cups,  and  printed  instruc- 
tions; she  helps  the  patient  to  carry  out  the  treatment  ordered 
by  the  physician,  and  to  improvise  arrangements  for  sleeping 
out-of-doors.  Both  porches  and  tents  are  used  for  this  purpose. 
Notification  of  removal  or  death  is  sent  to  the  health  depart- 
ment, and  disinfection  is  carried  out  by  that  body.  Public 
lectures  have  been  given  by  the  committee,  and  its  general 
educational  work  has  been  supplemented  by  the  state  tubercu- 
losis exhibit  which  was  held  for  a  week  in  Association  Hall. 
A  day  camp  is  hoped  for  in  the  near  future. 

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NEW  JERSEY 

Board  of  Education,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Started  experimentally  April  24,  1906;  established  as  a  department 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  Sept.  1,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salaries:  Supervisor,  $775  per  year;  assistant,  $650  per  year. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  3:15  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  April  24,  1906,  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion offered  to  pay  a  member  of  the  Nurses'  Settlement  $25 
per  month  during  the  remaining  part  of  the  school  year  to  spend 
three  half  days  each  week  in  visiting  the  public  schools.  The 
experiment  was  so  successful,  that  the  work  was  taken  over  by 
the  Board  of  Education,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  fall  term 
the  same  nurse  was  appointed  to  the  official  position  of  school 
nurse,  under  the  administration  of  the  Board  of  Education. 
In  September,  1908,  an  assistant  was  appointed.  There  is 
no  regular  medical  inspection  in  the  schools.  The  nurses  in- 
spect the  children  of  the  kindergartens  and  higher  grades, 
attending  to  minor  surgical  dressings,  and  finding  eye  and  skin 
diseases  which  need  attention.  After  school  hours  the  nurses 
visit  the  homes,  recommend  medical  care,  and  instruct  the 
mothers;  or,  if  necessary,  they  accompany  the  children  to  dis- 
pensaries or  specialists  for  treatment  of  eyes,  or  throat,  fitting 
of  glasses,  removal  of  adenoids,  enlarged  tonsils,  etc. 

Visiting  Nurses'  Settlement,  24  Valley  Street. 
Established  September  1,  1900. 
Number  of  nurses :  Three. 
Salaries:  $50  and  all  living  expenses  for  head  worker;  $20  and  all 

living  expenses  for  the  students. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Pupil  nurses  from  the  Orange  Memorial  Hospital 

started  this  work,  each  pupil  having  two  months'  training  under 

supervision  of  the  trained  nurses  of  the  settlement.     In  1906, 

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NEW  JERSEY 


graduate  nurses  were  substituted  for  undergraduates,  and  the 
settlement  was  ready  to  furnish  hourly  nursing  for  non-con- 
tagious cases  to  those  who  could  afford  to  pay  the  regular 
schedule  prices,  or  the  best  trained  assistance  was  at  the  com- 
mand of  those  who  could  pay  but  little  or  nothing.  There  are 
also  resident  nurses  who  take  private  cases  at  regular  prices. 
The  nurse  employed  by  the  Anti-Tuberculosis  Committee  is  a 
member  of  the  household,  and  gives  much  of  her  valuable  time 
to  the  work  of  the  settlement. 

During  the  year  1906  the  public  school  teachers  sent  so 
many  children  to  the  settlement's  First  Aid  room  that  the  head 
worker  was  led  to  call  the  attention  of  the  Board  of  Health  to 
the  fact,  and  she  offered  to  permit  one  of  the  settlement  nurses 
to  visit  the  pupils  in  a  small  number  of  schools.  The  work  was 
so  successful  that  the  nurse  received  the  appointment  as  school 
nurse  for  the  following  year. 

A  Simmons  College  graduate  dietitian  is  the  housekeeper  of 
the  settlement;  salary  $40  per  month,  and  all  living  expenses. 
She  conducts  private  classes  in  the  diet  kitchen  of  the  settle- 
ment, the  fees  from  which  go  to  the  settlement.  She  also  has 
classes  in  two  hospitals.  She  modifies  milk  and  has  charge  of 
the  milk  dispensary. 

A  loan  closet  provides  clothing  and  supplies  for  the  sick  and 
needy.  St.  Barnabas'  Guild  rents  one  room  in  the  settlement 
which  is  devoted  to  the  use  of  tired  nurses  needing  rest  and 
freedom  from  care. 

A  late  development  of  the  settlement  work  is  the  course  in 
visiting  nursing  which  is  open  to  graduates  of  recognized  schools. 
There  are  four  terms  of  three  months  each:  the  spring  term, 
lasting  from  March  to  June;  the  summer  term,  from  June  to 
September;  the  fall  term,  from  September  to  December;  the 
winter  term,  from  December  to  March.  The  training  consists 
of  practical  nursing  in  the  homes  under  supervision  of  the  head 
worker.  Experience  is  given  in  medical,  surgical,  and  obstet- 
rical cases  and  care  of  chronic  invalids;  preparation  for  and 
attendance  at  operations  in  private  homes;  home  care  of  tuber- 
culosis patients,  which  includes  the  planning  for  the  out-door 

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NEW  JERSEY 

life  of  the  patients  on  roofs,  piazzas,  and  in  tents.  A  course  of 
six  lessons  in  dietetics  is  given  by  the  dietitian,  and  lectures  on 
visiting  nursing  are  given  in  all  but  the  summer  term. 

PATERSON 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Settlement,  45  Ward  Street. 

Established  June  20,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  Visiting  nursing  was  started  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Committee  of  the  Charity  Organ- 
ization Society.  In  October,  1908,  this  committee  raised 
sufficient  money  to  open  the  present  settlement  house,  and  in 
December  of  that  year  the  work  was  withdrawn  from  the  Charity 
Organization  Society.  A  First  Aid  room  is  maintained;  sick 
diets,  bed  linen,  surgical  and  medical  supplies  are  furnished 
when  necessary.  The  nurse  also  cares  for  the  patients  of  the 
Tuberculosis  Society. 

Volunteer  help  is  given  by  the  Guild  of  St.  Barnabas  nurses, 
and  friendly  visiting  is  done  by  lay  visitors  on  the  nursing  com- 
mittee. Families  visited  by  the  nurse  are  given  preference  for 
admission  to  clubs  and  classes  at  the  settlement. 

PLAINFIELD 

City  Union  of  King's  Daughters,  104  Madison  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $15  per  week. 
Hours:  Irregular. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan   of   Work:  Milk,   eggs,   and   medicines  are  provided  when 
necessary.     A    supply    closet    furnishes    clothing,    bed    linen, 
infants'   outfits,  and  sick-room  appliances.     A  camp  for  sick 

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NEW  JERSEY 

babies  is  maintained  in  summer,  and  when  vacancies  occur, 
young  children  are  taken  in.  The  nurse  makes  daily  visits  to 
the  King's  Daughters'  day  nursery,  and  investigates  all  appli- 
cants before  they  may  be  admitted. 

PRINCETON 

Princeton  Village  Improvement  Society,  Visiting  Nurse  Com- 
mittee, 25  Bayard  Lane. 

Established  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  with  room,  light,  and  fuel  in  the  nurse's  house. 

Hours:  Irregular;  calls  answered  at  all  times. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  society  provides  a  small  house  for  the  nurse, 
one  room  in  which  is  fitted  up  for  emergency  patients.  They 
are  cared  for  by  the  housekeeper  during  the  nurse's  absence. 
A  charge  of  $4.00  a  week  is  made  for  the  use  of  the  emergency 
room.  The  nurse  answers  calls  only  on  the  order  of  a  physician . 
She  visits  the  Model  School  once  in  two  weeks  to  examine  the 
school  children.  A  supply  closet  is  maintained  with  clothing, 
bed  linen,  and  sick-room  appliances  which  may  be  loaned, 
rented,  sold  or  given  to  patients,  at  the  discretion  of  the  nurse. 
Nourishment  and  medicine  are  supplied  to  needy  patients. 

Fees  of  $.10,  $.25,  or  $.50  are  charged  for  visits  of  an  hour, 
at  the  discretion  of  the  attending  physician.  Other  charges  are: 
operations  including  preparation  of  patient  and  room,  $2.00; 
confinement  cases  including  eight  subsequent  visits,  $3.00; 
massage,  $1.50  for  each  treatment.  For  loaned  articles,  $.05  or 
$.10  a  week  is  charged;  sheets,  $.25  per  dozen;  towels,  $.10 
per  dozen. 

RIDGEWOOD 
Ridgewood  Relief  Association. 

Established  May  10,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary :  $50  per  month. 

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NEW  JERSEY 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

SOUTH  ORANGE 

Society  for  Lending  Comforts  to  the  Sick. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular:  emergency  calls  answered  at  night.  Wednes- 
day afternoons  and  one  Sunday  each  month  free. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  is  maintained,  with  all  kinds  of 
appliances  for  the  sick  room,  medical  supplies,  bed  linen,  cloth- 
ing, etc.  Linen  and  clothing  may  be  given  away  when  needed. 
A  special  "delicacies  committee"  furnishes  broths  and  nourish- 
ing food.  The  nurse  does  a  great  deal  of  "follow-up"  work, 
and  keeps  in  touch  with  her  patients  long  after  her  nursing  visits 
have  ceased,  finding  work  for  them  and  helping  them  in  many 
ways.  Calls  are  made  to  neighboring  villages,  West  Orange, 
Maplewood,  Springfield,  Union,  Hilton,  Wyoming,  and  Irvington. 
A  minimum  fee  of  $10  is  charged  for  obstetrical  cases,  with 
daily  calls  for  nine  days  following;  $2.00  for  operations,  includ- 
ing preparation  of  the  room  and  patient.  Daily  visits  are  $1.00 
per  hour,  or  patients  who  are  unable  to  pay  these  prices  may  be 
charged  $.10  an  hour,  but  the  collection  of  fees  is  left  to  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  nurse. 

SUMMIT 
Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  December,  1904,  by  the  Fortnightly  Club. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  infants' 

outfits  to  lend. 

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TRENTON 
Pi  Gamma  Epsilon  Society,  234  Academy  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $30  per  month  and  all  expenses. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  clothing  and 
sick-room  appliances.  The  nurse  has  a  small  fund  at  her  dis- 
posal, with  which  she  buys  medicine  and  nourishment  for  very 
needy  patients.  Sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins  are  given  to 
the  tuberculosis  patients  who  cannot  buy  them  in  sufficient  quan- 
tities. The  nurse  gives  talks  to  mothers'  clubs  on  hygiene  and 
infant  feeding.     A  small  fee  is  charged  all  patients  who  can  pay. 

UNION 

See  South  Orange. 

WEST  ORANGE 
See  South  Orange. 

WHITE  OAK  RIDGE 

See  Milburn. 

WYOMING 

See  Milburn. 

NEW  YORK 

ALBANY 
The  Albany  Guild  for  the  Care  of  the  Sick,  390  Madison  Avenue. 
Established  a  visiting  nursing  service  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses:  Seven. 

Salaries:  $40  per  month  for  three  probationary  months,  and  $50 
per  month  thereafter.  After  two  years'  continuous  service 
from  the  end  of  the  probationary  term,  the  nurses  receive  $60; 
at  the  end  of  the  fourth  year  the  salary  is  raised  to  $65  and  $70 
per  month.     Five  dollars  monthly  is  allowed  for  carfare.     The 

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NEW   YORK 

nurses'  home  is  provided,  but  board  and  laundry  are  paid  for 
individually. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  are  answered  day  and  night. 

Classes   of  cases   cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  association  was  organized  in 
1880  as  a  Fruit  and  Flower  Mission.  In  1896  the  name  was 
changed  to  the  present  one,  and  a  visiting  nurse  was  assigned 
to  the  Albany  Hospital  Dispensary.  As  the  work  grew,  other 
nurses  were  detailed  to  the  South  End  and  Faith  Mission  dis- 
pensaries. In  1897,  the  nursing  part  of  the  work  was  made  a 
separate  department  of  the  guild,  and  more  nurses  were  added. 
In  1900,  an  obstetrical  service  was  started  experimentally  in 
connection  with  the  Medical  College;  the  college  faculty  desired 
to  provide  instruction  for  students  of  medicine  and  nursing, 
and  the  guild  wished  to  check  untrained  midwifery  by  providing 
skilled  care  for  the  sick.  In  1903,  the  entire  responsibility  of 
this  department  was  assumed  by  the  guild.  In  the  same  year  a 
diet  kitchen  was  opened  experimentally,  which  a  year  later  gave 
the  nurses  an  opportunity  to  board  at  the  Guild  House;  this  was 
the  beginning  of  a  central  home  for  the  nurses  and  the  diet 
kitchen  staff.  The  latter  provide  delicacies  for  the  sick,  conduct 
cooking  classes  for  nurses  in  hospital  training,  and  for  the  Girl's 
Friendly  societies. 

The  guild  has  developed  a  course  for  trained  attendants  or 
"domestic  nurses"  which  offers  the  applicants  two  and  one-half 
years  of  work  in  the  care  of  the  sick  under  a  capable  graduate 
nurse.  The  training  consists  in  lectures  from  physicians, 
studies  from  text-books,  and  helping  with  minor  surgical  cases 
at  one  of  the  dispensaries  and  in  the  obstetrical  clinic.  At 
the  end  of  the  time,  if  the  pupil's  practical  work  has  been  good, 
and  she  has  passed  the  required  standard  in  her  examinations, 
she  is  given  a  certificate  which  declares  her  to  be  a  certified 
guild  nurse.  This  allows  a  maximum  charge  of  $15  a  week. 
When  a  patient  needs  constant  care,  an  attendant  is  sent  to 
work  under  the  supervision  of  the  visiting  nurse. 

The  services  of  one  nurse  are  given  to  patients  who  are  re- 
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NEW  YORK 

ferred  to  the  guild  by  the  Tuberculosis  Dispensary.  Milk, 
eggs,  and  sputum  cups  are  provided  for  those  who  cannot  buy 
them.  The  patients  and  their  families  are  carefully  instructed 
by  the  nurses,  and  a  tuberculosis  class  is  held  weekly  at  the 
Guild  House. 

A  sliding  scale  of  fees  permits  the  head  nurse  to  adapt  prices 
to  the  ability  of  the  patients  to  pay.  No  charge  is  made  to  the 
very  poor.  To  others,  calls  may  be  made  for  $1.00  per  day, 
if  the  time  does  not  exceed  two  hours.  From  $2.00  upwards 
may  be  charged  for  operations,  and  from  $5.00  to  $10  for  ma- 
ternity cases.  Charges  are  made  for  baths,  surgical  dressings, 
etc.,  at  the  rate  of  $.50  or  $1  per  hour. 

AUBURN 

The  Fanny  G.  Aderson  Visiting  Nurse,  Auburn  City  Hospital, 

3  Lansing  Street. 
Established  in  1903. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Salary:  None. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
History:  A  trustee  of  the  hospital  gave  a  memorial  fund  to  start 

the  visiting  nursing  work.     It  is  carried  on  by  the  pupil  nurses. 

BREWSTER 
District  Nursing  Association  of  Southeast. 

Established  November  17,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  town  of  Southeast  includes  a  number  of  vil- 
lages, of  which  Brewster  is  the  principal  one.  Patients  who  are 
able  to  do  so  are  asked  to  pay  a  fee  for  the  nurse's  services. 
The  charges  are  from  $.10  to  $.50  an  hour;  for  night  duty, 

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NEW  YORK 

$2.00;  and  for  operations,  $5.00.  The  nurse  has  charge 
of  a  supply  chest,  and  a  small  sum  is  asked  for  each  article 
loaned. 

BROOKLYN 

Abraham  and  Straus,*  Fulton  Street. 

A  Social  Welfare  Department  was  organized  in  January,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $15  per  week. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  superintendent  has  charge  of  the  various 
social  branches;  a  nurse  cares  for  the  sick,  and  a  physician 
makes  daily  rounds.  A  sunny  rest  room,  where  temporarily  ill 
employes  may  be  cared  for,  is  furnished  with  couches  and  easy 
chairs,  a  medicine  closet  containing  simple  remedies,  and  a 
library  of  good  books.  Hot  nourishing  lunches  are  served  at  a 
minimum  cost.  Much  thought  is  given  to  helping  the  employes 
in  every  way.  When  incipient  tuberculosis  patients  are  found 
among  them,  they  are  sent  away  by  the  firm  to  regain  their 
health.  Upon  their  return  some  light  employment  compatible 
with  their  strength  is  given  them. 

Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  69  Schermerhorn 
Street. 
Plan  of  Work:  Three  tuberculosis  classes  are  held  under  the  super- 
vision of  this  committee.  The  patients  of  these  classes  are 
visited  either  by  the  nurses  of  the  District  Nursing  Committee, 
or  by  volunteer  visitors,  according  to  the  condition  of  the  patient. 

District   Nursing   Committee    of    the    Bureau    of   Charities, 

67  Schermerhorn  Street. 
Established  in  1890. 
Number  of  nurses:  Thirteen. 
Salary :  $60  per  month. 

*  This  firm  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

12  177 


NEW  YORK 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Four  nurses  on  the  staff  live  in  the  neighborhood  of 

their  work  and  are  in  residence  at  the  following  settlements: 

Asacog  House,  52  Sands  St.  Greenpoint  Settlement,  85  Java  St. 

City  Park  Chapel,  209  Concord  St.  Lincoln  Settlement,  105  Fleet  St. 

The  last  is  a  colored  nurse  working  among  her  own  people. 
Other  nurses  have  headquarters  as  follows: 

School   Settlement    Association,  148  Northern  Office  of  Bureau  of  Chari- 

Jackson  St.  ties,  255  Division  Ave. 

Little    Italy   Neighborhood    House,  Bedford  Office  of  Bureau  of  Chari- 

146  Union  St.  ties,  1660  Fulton  St. 

Willow  Place  Chapel,  27  Columbia  South  District,  18  Fourth  St. 

Place.  Central  Office,  67  Schermerhorn  St. 

(three  nurses). 

Each  nurse  is  at  her  office  daily — Sundays  excepted — from 
12  m.  to  1  p.  m.,  for  receiving  new  calls,  for  consultation,  and 
for  First  Aid  dressings.  During  the  summer,  extra  nurses  are 
taken  on  for  work  among  babies  under  two  years  of  age.  These 
nurses  supplement  the  regular  work  in  connection  with  the 
milk  stations  established  by  the  Brooklyn  Children's  Aid 
Society. 

Friendly  House  Association,  49  Warren  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Friendly  House  is  a  settlement  which  aims  to  de- 
velop the  social,  intellectual,  artistic  and  physical  side  of  the 
neighborhood.  Those  who  desire  the  privilege  of  any  depart- 
ment must  become  members  of  the  settlement  as  a  whole.  Indi- 
vidual dues  are  $.50  a  month.  Family  dues  are  $.75  for  two 
members  and  $1.00  for  three  or  more.     This  gives  admission 

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NEW  YORK 

to  class  work  and  social  activities,  according  to  the  age  of  the 
member,  that  may  be  carried  on  daily  throughout  each  week. 
It  also  entitles  each  member  to  the  services  of  a  doctor,  den- 
tist, or  trained  nurse.  The  nurse  is  a  resident  of  the  house  and 
may  be  seen  at  all  times.  The  doctor  has  office  hours  at  the 
settlement  two  evenings  and  one  afternoon  each  week;  he  is 
paid  a  salary  to  insure  regular  attendance.  When  the  doctor's 
services  are  needed  outside  of  office  hours,  he  responds  to  calls. 
He  does  not  answer  calls  from  people  who  are  not  members  of 
the  house,  unless  a  regular  fee  is  paid.  The  dentist  has  office 
hours  at  the  settlement  one  afternoon  and  one  evening  during 
the  week.  A  diet  kitchen  is  maintained  by  the  house;  also  a 
First  Aid  room  where  the  nurse  assists  physicians  in  minor 
operations,  such  as  the  removal  of  tonsils,  adenoids,  etc.,  and 
attends  to  surgical  dressings  for  patients  able  to  be  up  and  about. 

Frederick  Loeser  and  Company,  482  Fulton  Street. 
Established  a  social  service  nurse  in  1899. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours  of  duty:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  cares  for  the  employes  in  the  store  and 

visits  in  the  homes  those  who  are  ill. 

Methodist  Episcopal  (Seney)  Hospital,  Social  Service  Out- 
patient Department,  6th  Street  and  7th  Avenue. 

Established  May  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $45  and  all  living  expenses  at  the  hospital. 

Hours:    9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  the  patients  in  their  homes  from 
9  to  12  a.  m.,  and  is  in  attendance  at  the  dispensary  from  1  to  5 
p.  m. 

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NEW  YORK 

St.  Phoebe's  Mission  House,  125  De  Kalb  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1883. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $30  per  month  and  maintenance. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations :  Episcopal  churches  of  Brooklyn. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  physician  is  in  attendance  at  the  house  two  after- 
noons each  week  for  free  consultation.  The  house  is  supported 
by  the  Episcopal  churches  of  Brooklyn,  and  maintains  a  con- 
valescent department  for  women  and  girls,  where  patients  dis- 
charged from  the  hospitals  but  still  in  need  of  a  trained  nurse 
are  cared  for  until  ready  to  take  up  their  regular  occupations. 

BUFFALO 

District  Nursing  Association  of  Buffalo,  65  Franklin  Street. 

Established  in  1892. 

Number  of  nurses :  Six. 

Salaries:  $60  and  $75  per  month  and  uniforms. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  An  endowment  fund  pays  part  of  the  salaries.  One 
nurse  devotes  her  entire  time  to  tuberculosis  work.  She  is 
assigned  to  the  tuberculosis  dispensary  at  165  Swan  Street, 
and  visits  all  patients  who  apply  there  for  treatment.  A  second 
nurse  specializes  on  contagious  diseases.  She  receives  $75  per 
month  and  uniforms.  A  diet  kitchen  is  maintained  which  fur- 
nishes milk  and  eggs  to  patients  unable  to  get  them  elsewhere. 

Tuberculosis  Dispensary  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society, 

165  Swan  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1907. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  District  Nursing  Association  gives  the  ser- 
vices of  a  trained  nurse  who  attends  the  dispensary  clinics,  and 

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NEW  YORK 

visits  the  patients  in  their  homes.     Milk,  eggs,  sputum  cups, 
etc.  are  furnished  to  all  who  need  them. 

Welcome  Hall,  404  Seneca  Street. 

Established  in  November,  1894. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month,  with  an  annual  sum  of  $50  for  uniforms. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Welcome  Hall  is  a  settlement  founded 
by  the  First  Presbyterian  Church;  a  nurse  has  been  in  residence 
from  the  beginning.  Office  hours  at  the  settlement  are  from 
four  to  five  daily,  Sundays  excepted.  Milk,  eggs,  meat,  fruit, 
drugs,  and  garments  are  furnished  to  those  in  need.  A  small 
fee  is  charged  when  patients  are  able  to  pay. 

The  nurse  keeps  in  touch  with  the  probation  and  truant 
officers,  sees  that  children  report  at  court,  or  return  to  school 
after  illness,  and  explains  the  Child  Labor  law  and  other  laws 
to  the  parents.  Through  her  influence  the  Syrian  women  of 
the  neighborhood  have  largely  given  up  the  custom  of  strapping 
their  babies  to  a  board  for  the  first  six  months  of  life. 

Westminster  House,  424  Adams  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1896. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  Irregular;  emergency  calls  answered  at  all  times.   Sundays 

are  free  from  duty  and  one  half  day  each  week. 
Classes   of   cases    cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  expenses  of  the  nurse  and  of  the  diet  kitchen 

are  defrayed  by  the  Women's  Parish  Society  of  Westminster 

Church.    The  diet  kitchen  furnishes  milk,  eggs,  soups,  jellies,  and 

fruits  for  patients  who  need  them. 

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NEW  YORK 

CASCADESVILLE 
See  Lake  Placid. 

EAST  IRVINGTON 
See  Irvington. 

ELMIRA 

Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  in  iqoi. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  5  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m. 

Classes  of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,    contagious,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room 

appliances  to  loan. 

GENEVA 
Geneva  Committee  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,*  502 

Main  Street. 
Established  September  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  work  is  largely  among  tuberculous 

patients,  but  medical  cases  also  are  cared  for. 

GLOVERSVILLE 
Gloversville  District  Nurse  Association. 

Established  June  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $40  per  month  and  all  expenses. 
Hours:  12  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 
tuberculous. 

*  This  committee  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
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NEW  YORK 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  lives  at  the  Nurses'  Home  of  the  Nathan 
Littauer  Hospital.  All  patients  needing  other  than  professional 
care  are  referred  to  the  churches. 

GRAND  VIEW 

See  Nyack. 

IRVINGTON 
Irvington  Visiting  Nurse,  6  Home  Place. 

Established  July  i,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.  Night  calls  answered  only  in  emer- 
gencies. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  furnishes  sick-room  appliances, 
bed  linen  and  clothing.  Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  when 
necessary.  A  small  fee  is  asked  of  all  who  are  able  to  pay  for 
the  nurse's  services. 

JAMESTOWN 
Woman's    Christian    Association    Hospital,    Visiting    Nurse 
Department. 

Established  in  1892. 

Number  of  nurses :  One — pupil. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  philanthropic  resident  of  Jamestown  pays  the 

hospital  $350  annually  to  have  a  pupil  nurse  on  call  whenever 

needed  to  visit  patients  outside  the  hospital. 

LAKE  PLACID 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Fund. 

Established  November  26,  1902. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 

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NEW  YORK 

Hours:  Irregular,  as  the  territory  covered  is  a  large  one. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  under  the  auspices  of  the  Moun- 
taineer Circle  of  King's  Daughters.  There  are  five  villages  in 
the  district:  Avery ville,  Cascadeville,  Lake  Placid,  Newman, 
and  North  Elba.     The  fees  for  the  nurse's  services  are: 

For  non-residents,  for  24  hours $3.00 

"    residents,  "   24     " 1 .50 

"    12     "     75 

"     6    "     50 

Short  visits  are  made  for  fees  varying  from  $.05  to  $.25. 

MOUNT  KISCO 
The    District   Nursing   Association   of   Northern  Westchester 
County. 

Established  in  1896. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  association  has  the  use  of  endowed  beds  in  the 
following  hospitals  in  New  York  City:  Presbyterian  Hospital,  3 
beds;  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  3  beds;  Woman's  Hospital,  1  bed; 
Seney  Hospital,  Brooklyn,  1  bed.  Through  the  kindness  of 
friends,  patients  may  also  be  admitted  to  free  beds  in  the  Hahne- 
mann, German,  and  St.  Mary's  Childs'  Hospitals,  St.  Andrew's 
Convalescent  Home,  and  the  Loomis  Sanatorium. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1896,  Miss  Ellen  Morris  Wood,  a 
graduate  of  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  started  visiting  nursing  in 
the  vicinity  of  her  home  at  Mt.  Kisco.  Upon  the  outbreak  of 
the  Spanish-American  War  a  Red  Cross  auxiliary  was  formed, 
which  gave  good  service  during  the  war,  and  on  November  15th. 
1898,  it  was  reorganized  as  a  District  Nursing  Association, 
In  addition  to  the  central  committee,  sub-committees  in  the 

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neighboring  villages  were  formed  to  deal  with  "  Hospitals  and 
Nursing,  Instruction,  Supplies,  Ways  and  Means."  Nurses 
were  at  first  engaged  individually  whenever  calls  were  received 
for  their  services.  Lectures  were  given  by  Miss  Wood  in  the 
public  schools  and  to  the  townspeople  on  home  nursing,  first 
aid  to  the  injured,  hygiene,  physiology,  etc. 

In  July,  1899,  Miss  Wood  gave  up  the  work  on  account  of 
impaired  health,  and  sailed  soon  after  for  Europe.  She  con- 
tracted typhoid  fever  while  caring  for  a  sick  sailor  on  the  vessel, 
and  died  from  the  disease. 

In  1900,  the  association  started  a  fund  called  the  Ellen  Morris 
Wood  Memorial  Fund,  the  interest  of  which  was  to  be  applied 
to  the  maintenance  of  one  or  more  resident  visiting  nurses  in 
villages  of  Northern  Westchester  County.  There  are  now  four 
of  these  nurses.  One  has  her  headquarters  at  Mt.  Kisco,  her 
district  comprising  the  villages  of  Mt.  Kisco,  Bedford  Station, 
and  Bedford  Village.  Another,  located  at  Pleasantville,  visits 
Chappaqua,  Hawthorne,  Sherman  Park,  and  Valhalla.  A 
third,  with  headquarters  at  Golden's  Bridge,  visits  Katonah, 
Purdy's  Station,  Croton  Falls,  Somers,  Lake  Waccabuc,  Cross 
River,  and  South  Salem.  The  fourth  nurse  started  in  October, 
1908,  at  Yorktown  Heights.  Her  district  covers  the  villages  of 
Crumpond,  Croton  Lake,  and  Amawalk. 

For  long  distances  the  nurses  use  the  railroad.  Carriage  hire 
is  paid  either  by  the  family  of  the  patient  or  by  a  subcommittee. 
The  subcommittee  of  each  village  has  charge  of  all  local  relief 
work,  and  maintains  a  supply  closet  stocked  with  bed  linen, 
clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances,  which  may  be  loaned  or 
rented  to  the  patients.  Special  nurses  are  engaged  by  the 
committees  when  permanent  nursing  care  is  needed.  Families 
able  to  pay  for  untrained  helpers  may  obtain  them  through  the 
registry  kept  by  the  visiting  nurse  of  their  district.  These  women 
receive  from  $7.00  to  $15  a  week,  according  to  their  ability  and 
experience. 

The  Mt.  Kisco  committee  takes  up  various  matters  of  public 
hygiene,  and  the  one  at  Pleasantville  conducts  a  Girls'  Evening 
Club  and  a  Children's  Afternoon  Sewing  Class. 

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NEWBURGH 

Visiting  Nurse  Society,  21  Grand  Street. 

Established  in  1897. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month  and  room. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  special  effort  is  made  to  look  after  school  chil- 
dren requiring  attention  for  adenoids,  eye,  ear,  and  nose 
troubles.  The  work  is  affiliated  with  all  the  churches  of  New- 
burgh.  A  supply  closet  is  maintained,  and  bed  linen  and  cloth- 
ing are  loaned  or  given  to  needy  patients.  Nourishment,  med- 
icines, and  sputum  cups  are  provided. 

NEWMAN 

See  Lake  Placid. 

NORTH  ELBA 
See  Lake  Placid. 

NEW  ROCHELLE 
New  Rochelle  Visiting  Nurse,  New  Rochelle  Hospital. 
Established  December  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  Irregular. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

NEW  YORK 

The  Association  of  Tuberculosis  Clinics  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
The  Association  is  the  outgrowth  of  an  experiment  undertaken 
by  the  Committee  on  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis  of  the  New 
York  Charity  Organization  Society,  to  demonstrate  the  possi- 
bility of  effective  home  treatment  of  tuberculosis  in  New  York 
City.     Later  a  separate  organization  was  formed,  composed  of 

186 


*  NEW  YORK 

the  representatives  of  ten  special  tuberculosis  clinics,  having  as 
its  purpose  the  ultimate  dispensary  control  of  the  disease. 

The  city  has  been  districted,  and  patients  are  required  to  attend 
the  clinic  in  the  district  in  which  they  live.  When  application 
is  made  to  the  wrong  clinic,  the  patient  is  referred  by  card  to  the 
right  one.  Patients  receive  free  medical  treatment  and  advice, 
and  are  visited  in  their  homes  by  trained  nurses.  When  neces- 
sary, milk  and  eggs  are  provided  by  some  clinics  as  part  of  the 
treatment;  clothing,  payment  of  rent,  and  other  relief  is  either 
provided  by  special  funds  administered  by  the  dispensary  nurse, 
or  through  charitable  organizations.  Hospital  and  sanatorium 
care  is  secured  for  those  who  need  such  treatment.  Bellevue, 
Gouverneur,  Vanderbilt,  and  the  Health  Department  clinics 
have  women's  auxiliaries  which  raise  funds  for  the  relief  of  needy 
patients  attending  their  clinics,  and  maintain  day  camps  on  ferry 
boats  in  connection  with  Bellevue,  Gouverneur,  and  the  health 
department.  The  Red  Cross  Society  maintains  a  day  camp  on 
the  roof  of  Vanderbilt  Clinic. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  dispensaries,  their  addresses,  the  hours 
they  are  open,  and  the  number  of  tuberculosis  nurses  connected 
with  each: 


Bellevue  Hospital  Clinic,  Foot  of  East  26th  Street;  weekdays,  1  to  3  p.  m.; 
5  visiting  nurses. 

Flower  Hospital  Clinic,  E.  Boulevard  and  63d  Street;  Monday,  Wed- 
nesday, Saturday,  2:30  to  3:30  p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 

German  Hospital  Clinic,  76th  Street  and  Park  Avenue;  weekdays,  3:30 
to  4:30  p.  m.;  Tuesday,  Friday,  8  p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 

Good  Samaritan  Clinic,  75  Essex  Street;  weekdays,  2:30  to  4:30  p.m.; 

1  visiting  nurse. 

Gouverneur    Hospital    Clinic,   Gouverneur    Slip;  Monday,   Wednesday, 

Friday,  2  to  4  p.  m.;   1  visiting  nurse. 
Harlem   Hospital   Clinic,    136th   Street   and   Lenox    Avenue;  weekdays, 

2:30  to  3:30  p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 
Health  Department  Clinic,   55th  Street  and  6th  Avenue,   weekdays,  9 

a.  m.  to  12  m.,  2  to  4  p.  m.;  Thursday,  8  to  9  p.  m.;  7  visiting  nurses. 
Morgagni  Clinic,  173  W.  Houston  Street;  Tuesday,  Thursday,  Saturday, 

3  to  4  p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 
Mt.  Sinai  Hospital  Clinic,  Madison  Ave.  and  100 th  St.;  weekdays,  10  to 

11  a.  m.;  3  visiting  nurses. 
New  York  Dispensary,  180  Grand  Street;  weekdays,   11  a.m.   to   12:30 

p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 
New  York  Hospital  Clinic,  8  West  16th  Street;  weekdays,  2  to  3:30  p.  m.; 

2  visiting  nurses. 

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New  York  Throat,  Nose  &  Lung  Hospital  Clinic,  229-231  E.  57th  Street; 

weekdays,  3  p.  m.  and  8  p.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 
Presbyterian  Hospital  Clinic,  70th  St.  and  Madison  Avenue;  weekdays, 

1:30  to  3  p.m.;  3  visiting  nurses. 
St.  Bartholomew's  Clinic,  215-217  E.  42nd  Street;  Tuesday,  Thursday, 

Saturday,  1:30  to  2:30  p.  m.;  4  visiting  nurses. 
St.  Luke's  Hospital  Clinic,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  113th  Street;  Monday, 

Friday,  2  to  3  p.  m.;  2  visiting  nurses. 
St.  Vincent's  Hospital  Clinic,  153  W.  nth  Street;  Monday,  Wednesday, 

Friday,  10  to  n  a.  m.;  1  visiting  nurse. 
Vanderbilt  Clinic,  60th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Avenue;  weekdays,  1  to  2:30 

p.  m.;  Monday,   Wednesday,   Friday,   9   to   10:30   a.  m.;  4  visiting 

nurses. 

The  Babies'  Hospital  of  the  City  of  New  York,  Lexington  Avenue 
and  55th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  assists  in  the  dispensary,  follows  up  pa- 
tients who  have  been  discharged  from  the  hospital,  and  visits 
in  the  homes  the  children  who  attend  the  Out-Patient  Depart- 
ment. She  teaches  the  mothers  how  to  care  for  their  children, 
and  arranges  to  send  patients  to  the  country  and  to  convalescent 
homes. 

Baptist  Deaconess'  Society  of  the  City  of  New  York.  Head- 
quarters, Amity  Church  Settlement,  312  West  54th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  8,  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six. 

Hours:  Ten.     Calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  conta- 
gious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  an  auxiliary  of  Amity  Baptist  Church. 
The  work  is  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  Dispensary. 
The  deaconesses  receive  their  training  as  nurses  in  one  of  the 
regular  hospitals  of  the  city.  Their  work  is  voluntary,  and  they 
are  given  their  support  in  the  home,  with  a  small  allowance, 
sufficient  to  cover  incidental  expenses.     A  supply    closet  fur- 

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nishes  bed  linen,  clothing  and  sick-room  appliances,  which  may 
be  loaned  or  given  away.  A  small  hospital  is  also  maintained 
at  Amity  House. 

Bellevue  Hospital,  Social  Service  Bureau,  East  26th  Street. 

Established  July  9,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  Four. 

Salaries:  $100  per  month  for  executive  secretary;  $75  without  main- 
tenance, or  $50  and  maintenance  for  assistant  nurses. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  daily;  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays 
excepted. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1906,  an  experiment  was  inaugurated 
by  the  trustees  of  this  hospital,  in  which  a  graduate  nurse,  Miss 
Mary  E.  Wadley,  was  appointed  to  supplement  the  treatment 
of  the  medical  and  surgical  patients,  by  making  a  systematic 
investigation  of  their  needs  beyond  the  treatment  given  in  the 
wards  or  dispensary.  Other  nurses  were  added  from  time  to 
time,  and  in  May,  1909,  the  social  service  work  was  re-organized. 
The  Social  Service  Bureau  was  created,  to  include  the  tubercu- 
losis as  well  as  all  other  similar  divisions  of  the  work. 

The  work  is  under  the  general  direction  of  the  hospital  au- 
thorities. The  support  of  the  relief  fund  is  undertaken  by  an 
executive  committee,  which  acts  also  in  an  advisory  capacity. 
It  is  composed  of  two  trustees  of  the  hospital,  two  members  of 
the  board  of  managers  of  the  Bellevue  Training  School  for  Nurses, 
the  general  medical  superintendent  of  the  hospital,  the  general 
superintendent  of  the  training  schools,  and  the  chairman  of 
each  sub-committee  which  may  be  formed  for  special  work  in 
the  future. 

The  Social  Service  Bureau  is  under  the  management  of  Miss 
Wadley,  who  has  full  direction  of  all  the  practical  work  of  the 
bureau;  she  is  known  as  the  executive  secretary.  Three  assist- 
ant nurses  do  general  work,  one  nurse  specializes  on  babies' 
diseases,  and  seven  are  on  the  tuberculosis  staff.  The  Ladies' 
Auxiliary  of  Bellevue  Hospital  furnishes  one  nurse  who  cares  for 
tuberculous  patients  in  the  wards  and  in  the  dispensary.  The 
Red  Cross  Association  gives  the  salary  of  one  nurse  for  the  tu- 

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NEW  YORK 

berculosis  clinic.  The  social  service  section  of  the  Free  Syna- 
gogue cares  for  the  Jewish  patients  who  are  treated  at  the  hos- 
pital. 

The  duties  of  the  nurses  are  to  visit  the  wards,  to  learn  the 
needs  of  each  patient,  and  then,  using  the  various  channels  of 
relief  in  the  city,  endeavor  to  meet  those  needs  as  far  as  possible. 
The  assistance  rendered  is  almost  as  varied  as  the  causes  of  sick- 
ness and  incapacity.  It  may  be  only  good  advice,  or  a  communi- 
cation with  distant  friends  that  is  necessary;  or  it  may  be  the 
securing  of  admission  to  convalescent  or  incurables'  homes,  and 
taking  the  patients  there  when  ready  to  go.  This  is  one  of  the 
largest  fields  of  the  nurses'  labors  so  far.  Clothing,  which  is 
often  a  necessity,  is  supplied.  Convalescent  babies  and  children 
are  sent  to  the  seashore  and  country.  Country  boys  and  young 
men  are  carefully  looked  after  upon  discharge,  and  positions  are 
found  for  them;  if  necessary,  money  is  loaned  to  them  until 
their  first  pay-day  comes.  An  emergency  fund  may  be  drawn 
upon  when  the  need  is  urgent,  or  when  the  charitable  societies 
fail  to  respond. 

There  are  many  problems  connected  with  immigrants.  Their 
friends  are  communicated  with,  steamship  tickets  are  exchanged, 
assistance  is  sometimes  secured  through  their  consuls,  work  is 
found  for  them,  etc. 

Some  of  the  most  difficult  problems  of  all  are  those  connected 
with  the  alcoholic,  psychopathic,  and  prison  wards,  as  the  co- 
operation of  the  patient  must  first  be  won.  Then  follows  the 
need  of  help  such  as  the  other  patients  require.  In  short,  no 
kind  of  assistance  is  foreign  to  this  department  that  is  within  the 
bounds  of  possibility  to  render,  or  that  will  promote  recovery  and 
insure  permanent  health.  A  post-graduate  course  has  been 
open  to  a  limited  number  of  students  in  this  department  since 
January,  1909. 

Bellevue  and  Allied  Hospitals,  Out-Patient  Department,  Tuber- 
culosis Clinics,  East  26th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1903. 
Number  of  nurses:  Eleven. 

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NEW  YORK 

Salaries:  $90  per  month  for  supervisor  and  head  nurse  of  day  camp; 
$75  without  maintenance  or  $50  with  maintenance  for  assistant 
nurses. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  visiting  of  tuberculosis  patients 
who  were  attending  the  special  clinics  of  the  Out-Patient  depart- 
ments was  begun  by  the  pupil  nurses  under  the  supervision  of  a 
graduate  nurse.  Later  this  work  was  given  up  to  graduate 
nurses.  There  are  seven  graduate  nurses  in  the  work  at  Bellevue, 
three  at  Gouverneur  Hospital,  and  one  at  the  Harlem  Hospital. 
The  clinics  are  held  at  Bellevue  Hospital  every  week  day  from 
1  to  4  p.  m.;  Children's  Clinic,  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  at  2 
p.  m.;  Gouverneur  Hospital,7  Mondays,  Wednesdays  and  Fridays 
at  2  p.  m.  At  each  hospital  these  patients  have  a  separate  room, 
with  attending  physicians  and  trained  nurses.  The  latter  assist 
at  the  clinics  and  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes.  Printed 
slips  are  distributed  which  explain  the  nature  of  the  disease, 
method  of  infection,  and  general  treatment.  Milk  and  eggs  are 
given,  on  the  physician's  prescription,  to  all  who  are  unable  to 
pay  for  sufficient  quantities.  Sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins 
are  supplied;  clothing,  tents,  and  reclining  chairs  are  furnished. 
All  patients  who  can  go  are  sent  to  day  camps  which  are  main- 
tained on  two  ferry  boats,  one  moored  at  the  foot  of  East  26th 
Street,  and  the  other  at  the  foot  of  Jackson  Street.  They  are 
fitted  up  to  accommodate  both  sexes  and  all  ages,  and  are  open 
from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Hot  dinners  are  served  at  noon,  and 
lunches  of  milk  and  eggs  at  10  a.  m.  and  4  p.  m. 

The  Department  of  Education  supplies  a  public  school  teacher 
for  the  children  who  attend  the  day  camp  at  26th  Street,  and 
regular  school  sessions  are  held,  enabling  the  pupils  to  keep  up 
their  studies  and  at  the  same  time  take  the  open-air  rest  cure. 

Bethany  Church  Mission  of  Broadway  Tabernacle,  455  Tenth 
Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 

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NEW  YORK 

Salary:  $85  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  started  through  the  interest  of  a 
parishioner,  who  bears  the  entire  expense,  and  confides  the  direc- 
tion of  it  to  the  Broadway  Tabernacle.  Bed  linen,  clothing, 
food,  and  supplies  of  all  kinds  are  either  loaned  or  given  to 
patients. 

Bethlehem  Chapel,  196  and  198  Bleecker  Street. 

A  City  Mission  nurse  has  her  headquarters  at  the  chapel,  visits  the 
sick  members  of  the  parish,  and  also  answers  calls  that  may 
come  to  her  from  the  neighborhood. 

Bloomingdale  District  Nurse  Association,  Bloomingdale  Clinic 
of  St.  Michael's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  225  West 
99th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  There  is  close  co-operation  with  the  Charity  Organiza- 
tion office  of  the  district. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  headquarters  of  the  nurse  are  in  the  parish 
house  of  St.  Michael's  Church,  but  the  organization  which 
employs  her  is  not  parochial;  it  represents  the  neighborhood. 
Calls  are  received  from  other  churches  in  the  vicinity.  When 
necessary,  trained  attendants  are  engaged  to  stay  with  patients 
who  require  care  at  night,  and  all  kinds  of  supplies  are  furnished 
for  the  nurse  to  use  at  her  discretion.  Money  is  given  for  eye- 
glasses and  medicines,  clothing  and  sick-room  appliances,  while 
nourishment,  flowers,  etc.  are  freely  given.  The  nurse  does  a 
great  deal  of  Fresh  Air  work  in  summer,  and  is  able  to  send  her 
patients  to  convalescent  homes  throughout  the  year.  Tubercu- 
losis patients  are  sent  to  Liberty,  and  women  and  children  need- 
ing special  care  to  Sea  Breeze. 

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Caroline  Rest  Fund,  Under  the  auspices  of  the  New  York  Associa- 
tion for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  105  East  22nd 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1907. 
,     Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  sum  of  money  given  by  Mr.  George  H.  F.  Schrader 
in  memory  of  his  mother,  and  called  the  Caroline  Rest  Fund, 
supports  three  visiting  nurses  whose  special  work  is  to  instruct 
mothers,  before  and  after  their  confinement,  in  the  proper  care 
of  themselves  and  their  babies.  Daily  lessons  are  given  in 
bathing  the  baby,  in  the  preparation  of  its  food,  in  sterilizing 
milk  bottles,  and  in  the  care  of  the  ice-chest  where  the  milk  is 
kept.  The  mothers  are  taught  to  sterilize  water  for  the  baby 
to  drink,  to  make  barley  water,  to  prepare  boracic  water  with 
which  to  cleanse  the  child's  mouth  after  feeding,  and  bathe  the 
eyes.  They  are  taught  how  to  irrigate  the  infant's  bowels  when 
necessary,  and  to  wash  the  baby's  clothing  and  their  own. 

Later,  all  mothers  who  can  leave  home  are  sent  to  Caroline 
Rest  at  Hartsdale,  New  York,  for  convalescent  care  and  further 
education.  Daily  instruction  is  given  by  a  trained  nurse  in  all 
the  subjects  which  the  mothers  have  been  taught  by  the  nurse 
in  the  city,  and  the  lessons  are  repeated  day  after  day  as  long  as 
the  mother  remains  at  the  Rest.  Cooking  teachers  go  up  from 
the  city  twice  a  week  to  give  them  cooking  lessons.  The  kitchen, 
bed-rooms,  and  laundry,  are  used  for  giving  instruction.  The 
visiting  nurses  in  the  city  visit  the  mothers  upon  their  return  from 
Caroline  Rest,  and  give  further  instruction  if  it  is  needed. 

Charity   Organization  Society,   United   Charities   Building,    105 
East  22nd  Street. 
Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  in  1895. 
Number  of  nurses:  Seven. 
Salaries:  $75  and  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

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Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  are  assigned  to  the  district  offices  of 
the  Charity  Organization  Society,  and  attend  to  all  cases  of  illness 
that  may  be  reported  to  the  office  or  found  in  the  course  of  the 
work  of  the  districts.     The  offices  are  situated  as  follows: 

369  East  145th  St.  Bronx  District 

316  West  42nd  St.  Chelsea  District 

127  Chrystie  St.  Corlears  District 

105  East  22nd  St.  Gramercy  District 

59  Morton  St.  Greenwich  District 

15  East  125th  St.  Harlem  District 

1947  Broadway  Hudson  District 

68  Manhattan  St.  Riverside  District 

Through  the  affiliation  with  the  district  offices,  the  nurses  are 
enabled  to  obtain  any  relief  needed  for  the  patients  under  their 
care,  provide  clothing  and  nourishment,  and  secure  entrance  for 
them  into  convalescent  homes. 

Children's  Aid  Society,  School  Nursing  Department,  105  East 
22nd  Street. 
Number  of  nurses:  Three. 
Hours:  8  =30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 

and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  This  society  employs  three  nurses  for  the  following 
three  schools  which  are  under  its  supervision:    224  W.  63rd 
Street;   350  East  88th  Street,  and  630  Sixth  Street.     They  visit 
and  give  professional  care  to  the  pupils. 

The  Delineator  Company  started  May  1,  1909,  a  special  line  of 
work  which  is  called  the  "Delineator  Mothers'  Conference," 
which  sends  visiting  nurses  to  the  following  six  schools:  Jones 
Memorial,  407  East  73rd  Street;  Henrietta,  224  West  63rd 
Street;  West  Side,  417  West  38th  Street;  Italian,  156  Leonard 
Street;  Phelps,  314  East  35th  Street,  and  Pike  Street,  28  Pike 
Street. 
The  remaining  schools  under  the  auspices  of  the  Children's 
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Aid  Society  have  City  Mission  nurses,  or  are  visited  by  the 
regular  school  staff  under  the  Board  of  Health.  Minor  dressings 
are  attended  to  and  treatments  given  in  the  school  buildings  under 
the  direction  of  the  medical  inspectors.  Visits  are  made  in  the 
homes,  and  nursing  care  is  given  to  any  member  of  the  family 
who  may  be  ill. 

Christ  Church  (Presbyterian)  affiliated  with  the  Brick  Church, 

334  W.  36th  Street. 

Established  a  visiting  nursing  department  in  July,  1901. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $100  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nursing  service  is  intended  primarily  for  the 
congregation  of  Christ  Church  and  the  families  represented  in  the 
Sunday  School  and  clubs,  but  cases  reported  from  the  neighbor- 
hood are  also  attended  to. 

A  tuberculosis  class  organized  in  November,  1906,  was  the 
first  to  be  formed  in  New  York  City.  Each  patient  keeps 
careful  records  of  his  daily  life,  the  number  of  hours  spent  out  of 
doors,  amount  of  sleep  taken,  how  many  eggs  are  eaten,  how  much 
milk  is  taken,  etc.  For  the  out-of-door  life,  patients  utilize  roofs 
and  balconies  whenever  possible.  In  1908,  a  part  of  the  roof  of 
Christ  Church  was  fitted  up  for  a  small  day  camp  for  those  living 
nearby  and  not  having  access  to  suitable  roofs.  Nourishment  is 
provided  for  these  patients,  outfits  for  taking  the  open-air  treat- 
ment are  loaned  or  given  away  as  the  case  demands,  and  milk 
and  eggs  are  supplied  when  necessary.  Sewing  has  j  been  given 
several  of  the  patients  to  do,  for  which  they  receive  compensation. 
It  is  hoped  to  extend  this  method  of  helping  them. 

Christ  Lutheran  Church,  406  E.  igth  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  its  parish  work  in 

November,  1897. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

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Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance  and  all  expenses. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuber- 
culous. 

Church  of  the  Incarnation,  240  East  31st  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  October,  1894. 

Number  of  nurses :   One. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  assists  the  parish  physician  at  his  dis- 
pensary clinic  three  times  a  week.  The  remaining  time  is  spent 
in  caring  for  the  sick  people  belonging  to  the  chapel,  the  children 
of  the  day  nursery,  and  such  other  cases  in  the  neighborhood  as 
may  be  called  to  her  attention. 

Church  of  the  Sea  and  Land,  Henry  and  Market  Streets. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1893. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  Visiting  nursing  was  started  in  connec- 
tion with  this  church  by  a  New  York  City  Mission  nurse.  At 
first  the  service  was  limited  to  members  of  the  parish.  In 
January,  1898,  a  nurse  was  taken  into  residence  at  the  church 
settlement,  52  Henry  St.,  and  general  visiting  nursing  among  the 
sick  of  the  neighborhood  was  begun.  The  work  grew  so  rapidly 
that  in  the  spring  of  1899  an  affiliation  with  the  Nurses  Settlement 
was  effected,  the  latter  taking  all  calls  east  of  Rutgers  Street. 
In  March,  1900,  the  work  was  wholly  given  over  to  the  supervi- 
sion of  the  latter  organization,  and  two  nurses  were  maintained 
at  the  Church  House,  the  church  paying  the  salary  of  one  nurse, 
and  the  Nurses  Settlement  the  other. 

All  calls  were  answered  whether  from  parishioners  or  otherwise. 
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In  the  fall  of  1905  the  Church  House  was  given  up,  and  the  parish 
resumed  control  of  its  own  nurse,  who  now  combines  the  work 
of  nurse  with  that  of  parish  visitor.  There  is  a  First  Aid  room 
in  the  church  building,  open  daily  from  3:00  to  4:30  p.  m. 
Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances  are  kept  on  hand 
to  loan  or  give  away  as  needed. 

The  Delineator's  Mothers'  Conference,  Butterick  Building. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  Eight. 

Salaries:  Superintendent  of  nurses,  $125  per  month;  assistants, 
$50  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  At  the  Congress  of  Mothers  held  in 
New  Orleans  in  February,  1909,  a  National  Department  of 
Child  Hygiene  was  instituted  to  deal  with  infant  mortality,  the 
birth-rate,  the  dependent  child,  the  physical  welfare  of  the  school 
child,  other  problems  of  child  life,  and  the  education  of  mothers 
in  child  hygiene  to  prevent  disease.  Through  the  efforts  of  The 
Delineator,  it  is  hoped  that  mothers'  conferences  on  the  care  of 
babies  will  be  organized  in  every  city  in  the  United  States.  The 
work  has  been  started  in  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Chicago, 
New  Orleans,  Providence  and  thirty  other  smaller  cities. 

In  New  York,  The  Delineator  has  engaged  eight  nurses  who 
work  in  connection  with  the  Children's  Aid  Society  schools  and 
the  New  York  Diet  Kitchen.  Visits  are  made  in  the  homes  and 
classes  for  mothers  are  held  in  the  following  school  buildings: 

Jones  Memorial 407  E.  73rd  St. 

Madison  Square  Church  House  . .  Cor.  3rd  Ave.  and  30th  St. 

Pike  Street 28  Pike  St. 

Italian 156  Leonard  St. 

63rd  St 224  W.  63rd  St. 

West  Side 419  W.  38th  St. 

Riverside 259  W.  69th  St. 

Physicians  are  present  to  weigh  and  examine  children  and  to 
lecture  on  the  proper  care  and  feeding  of  infants  and  young 

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children.  The  nurses  interest  themselves  in  all  members  of 
the  families  they  visit,  send  people  to  convalescent  homes,  or 
put  them  in  touch  with  other  organizations  which  might  benefit 
them.  Careful  records  of  all  cases  are  kept.  The  records  in- 
clude the  social  factors  affecting  families,  the  physical  progress 
of  mothers  and  babies,  daily  and  weekly  reports  of  the  nurses' 
work  and  records  of  institutions  assisting. 

Department  of  Health,  Contagious  Nursing,  55th  Street  and  6th 
Avenue. 

Established  May  26,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Contagious. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  live  in  their  own  homes  and  go  each 
morning  to  a  house  near  the  Contagious  Hospital  that  has  been 
fitted  up  for  their  use.  There  they  change  their  street  dresses 
for  uniforms,  go  out  on  their  rounds,  and  returning  in  the  late 
afternoon  again,  leave  at  the  house  all  external  clothing,  dress, 
boots,  wraps,  and  nursing  bags.  These  are  taken  to  the  disin- 
fecting plant  of  the  hospital,  and  are  sterilized  during  the  night 
and  returned  in  the  morning. 

The  nurses  visit  patients  having  scarlet  fever,  diphtheria, 
measles,  whooping  cough,  etc.  Nursing  care  is  given  each 
patient,  and  the  parents  are  instructed  in  the  care  of  the  eyes, 
nose,  and  skin,  the  proper  method  of  isolation  and  disinfection, 
the  dangers  of  complications,  and  the  manner  in  which  contagion 
may  be  spread.  The  nurses  carry  in  their  bags  white  cotton 
gowns  which  they  put  on  before  caring  for  the  patient,  and 
remove  before  leaving  the  house.  These  gowns  are  disinfected 
with  the  other  articles  each  night  at  the  hospital. 

Department   of  Health,   Division   of   Child  Hygiene    (School 
Nursing),  Sixth  Avenue  and  55th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  October  1,  1902. 
Number  of  nurses:   141. 

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NEW  YORK 

Salaries:   Superintendent,  $1200  per  year;  assistants,  $900. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays 
excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  system  of  public  school  nursing 
in  New  York  City  was  started  October  1,  1902,  at  the  instigation 
of  the  Henry  Street  Settlement  (Nurses'  Settlement),  which  made 
the  experiment  for  the  city,  then  turned  it  over  to  the  Department 
of  Health.  The  settlement  gave  the  services  of  one  of  its  nurses, 
Miss  Lina  L.  Rogers,  to  visit  daily  for  a  month  four  of  the  large 
schools  in  the  crowded  East  Side.  At  the  end  of  that  time  the 
results  of  the  experiment  were  so  satisfactory  that  the  Department 
of  Health  assumed  charge  of  the  work.  Miss  Rogers  was  en- 
gaged as  supervisor,  having  at  first  a  staff  of  twelve  nurses  visiting 
in  forty-eight  schools.  This  was  the  first  system  of  school 
nursing  established  in  America  under  municipal  control.  The 
work  grew  rapidly,  more  nurses  were  added  to  the  staff,  and  in 
1908  it  reached  the  number  of  206.  Four  hundred  and  sixty- 
two  public  schools  with  an  enrolment  of  606,325  pupils  are 
visited  by  the  nurses,  who  in  addition  visit  parochial  schools, 
American  Female  Guardian  Society  schools,  Children's  Aid 
Society  schools,  and  kindergartens. 

Each  nurse  is  assigned  to  a  certain  district  in  which  the  number 
of  schools  varies  according  to  the  density  of  the  population. 
She  reports  at  each  school  daily  at  a  specified  time.  In  a  room 
set  apart  for  the  purpose,  she  receives  all  children  who  have  been 
ordered  to  go  to  her  for  treatment.  When  possible  they  are 
assembled  in  groups  and  instructed  orally  or  by  means  of  cir- 
culars which  explain  methods  of  home  treatment,  particularly 
for  pediculosis.  The  nurses  carry  out  in  the  schools  certain 
treatments  ordered  by  the  medical  inspectors,  and  after  school 
hours  they  take  children  to  dispensaries,  visit  the  homes  of  those 
who  have  been  excluded,  instruct  the  mothers  when  necessary, 
and  explain  the  medical  inspector's  advice. 

At  the  weekly  routine  inspection  the  nurse  visits  the  classrooms, 
and  examines  the  eyelids,  skin,  and  throat  of  each  pupil.    If 

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cases  are  found  showing  symptoms  of  diphtheria,  scarlet  fever, 
measles,  whooping  cough,  chicken  pox,  or  mumps,  the  nurse 
on  her  own  responsibility  excludes  the  child,  if  the  inspector  is 
not  in  the  school  to  confirm  the  diagnosis,  and  telephones  to  the 
central  office  the  name  and  address  of  the  pupil.  A  medical 
inspector  is  then  sent  to  the  home  and  takes  entire  charge  of 
the  case. 

The  nurses  send  to  the  supervising  nurse  daily  and  weekly 
reports. 

During  the  summer  months,  while  the  schools  are  closed,  the 
nurses  are  assigned  to  "Summer  Corps"  work.  They  visit 
systematically  the  mothers  of  all  newly-born  children  whose 
births  have  been  reported  by  midwives.  They  investigate  in 
each  case  the  condition  of  the  mother  during  and  after  labor, 
and  note  any  abnormality  in  either  mother  or  child,  particularly 
the  occurrence  of  abnormal  labor,  the  use  of  instruments  by  the 
midwife,  etc.  As  regards  the  child,  the  nurse  notes  the  presence 
of  malformations  or  other  abnormalities  and  of  ophthalmia 
neonatorum.  Whenever  unusual  conditions  are  found  to  exist, 
the  nurse  reports  the  facts  to  the  office,  and  the  conduct  of  the 
midwife  in  the  case  is  investigated.  The  mothers  are  instructed 
as  to  the  proper  care,  feeding,  bathing,  and  clothing  of  the 
children. 

After  July  ist,  the  nurses  begin  a  systematic  canvass  of  all 
tenements  in  their  districts,  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the  mothers 
of  all  children  under  two  years  of  age  and  instructing  them  in  the 
general  care  and  hygiene  of  their  children.  When  there  are 
older  children  in  the  families,  the  mothers  are  instructed  in  the 
care  of  their  scalps  and  teeth.  The  work  of  the  nurses  is  pre- 
ventive and  educational.  When  a  sick  baby  is  found  and  there  is 
no  physician  in  attendance,  the  case  is  reported  to  the  office  and 
a  medical  inspector  is  detailed  to  treat  the  baby,  while  the  nurse 
continues  her  care. 

The  Department  of  Health  maintains  one  hospital  and  two 
dispensaries  for  the  treatment  of  trachoma.  A  dispensary  is 
situated  at  Gouverneur  Slip  and  a  hospital  and  dispensary  at 
the  corner  of  n8th  Street  and  Pleasant  Avenue.    All  cases  of 

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NEW  YORK 

trachoma  not  under  the  care  of  a  private  physician,  are  referred 
by  the  medical  inspector  or  school  nurse  to  these  hospitals  and 
dispensaries.  All  applicants  for  positions  on  the  school  nursing 
staff  of  the  Department  of  Health  must  be  registered  nurses, 
and  must  have  passed  the  Civil  Service  examinations. 

Department  of  Health,  Division  of  Tuberculosis  Nurses. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  September,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  24. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  staff  is  divided  into  district  and  clinic  nurses; 
under  the  latter  head  there  are  14  nurses — six  in  Manhattan, 
six  in  Brooklyn,  and  two  in  the  Bronx.  Some  are  on  duty  in  the 
tuberculosis  clinics  of  the  Department  of  Health  from  9  a.  m. 
until  4  p.  m.;  others  visit  these  patients  in  their  homes,  and 
submit  full  reports  to  the  clinic  physicians.  These  nurses  visit 
also  the  applicants  for  admission  to  the  Sanatorium  at  Otisville, 
Orange  County,  New  York,  which  can  be  gained  only  through 
the  Department  of  Health.  The  railroad  fares  of  all  accepted 
patients  are  paid,  and  clothing  is  supplied  when  necessary. 

In  the  district  division  there  are  10  nurses  who  are  assigned  to 
each  borough  office,  four  in  both  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn,  and 
one  each  in  the  smaller  boroughs.  Their  duties  are  to  visit  and 
advise  tuberculosis  patients  who  are  not  under  the  care  of  private 
physicians  or  attending  tuberculosis  clinics  having  nursing  staffs. 
Sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins  are  supplied  to  all  who  need 
them.  Fumigation  of  the  rooms  upon  the  termination  of  a  case, 
is  ordered  by  the  nurse.  Complaints  from  citizens  are  investi- 
gated and  if  necessary  forcible  removal  to  a  hospital  is  recom- 
mended. 

Emanuel  Chapel,  737  E.  6th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1901. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 

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NEW  YORK 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  work  is  largely  confined  to  the  parish- 
ioners of  the  chapel,  many  of  whom  live  at  a  great  distance  from 
it.  The  nurse's  territory  therefore  extends  to  Harlem,  the  Bronx, 
and  Brooklyn.  Bed  linen  and  clothing  are  given  when  necessary. 
Nourishment  of  milk  and  broths  is  sometimes  given  to  indi- 
vidual cases.  The  soups  and  broths  are  made  by  the  nurse, 
who  has  also  a  small  emergency  fund  to  use  for  patients  who  are 
in  great  need. 

Flower  Hospital,  63rd  Street  and  Avenue  A. 

Established  a  Social  Service  Department  March  8,  1909;  estab- 
lished visiting  nursing  for  the  senior  pupils  June  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two;  one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  $25  per  month  and  all  living  expenses  for  the  Social  Service 
nurse. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Sputum  cups  are  supplied  for  the  tuberculous 
patients,  and  tickets  for  milk  from  the  Diet  Kitchen. 

German  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  Park  Ave.  cor.  76th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  day  clinics,  and  evening  classes 
on  Tuesday  and  Friday  from  7  to  8  p.  m.  for  patients  who  work 
during  the  day.  Special  diet  is  given  to  patients  in  need  of 
extra  nourishment;  those  too  ill  to  attend  the  clinics  are  given 
nursing  care  at  their  homes.  Suitable  cases  are  sent  to  country 
and  sanatoria,  and  instruction  is  given  in  open-air  treatment. 
Patients  are  urged  to  utilize  tents  on  the  roofs  of  tenements, 
and  to  live  out  of  doors. 

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Good  Samaritan  Dispensary,  Tuberculosis  Clinic,  75  Essex  St. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  19,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Many  patients  who  attend  this  clinic  are  sent  to  the 
day  camp  which  is  maintained  on  a  ferry  boat  moored  at  the 
foot  of  Jackson  Street.  All  these  patients  are  given  a  hot  dinner 
at  noon,  and  lunches  in  the  morning  and  afternoon.  Patients 
unable  to  go  to  the  day  camp  are  given  free  milk  tickets. 

Halsey  Day  Nursery,  227  East  59th  Street. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  visiting  nurse  connected  with  St.  Thomas's 
House,  229  East  59th  Street,  visits  the  day  nursery  every  day, 
and  gives  professional  care  to  the  children. 

Harlem  Hospital,*  Visiting  Nurse   Department,  136th  St.  and 

Lenox  Avenue. 
Established  July,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:    The  nurse  attends  dispensary  clinics  and  visits 

patients  in  their  homes.     Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  to  poor 

patients  when  necessary,  by  the  hospital. 

Henry    Street    Settlement    (Nurses    Settlement),    265    Henry 
Street — Main  Office. 
Established  July  1,  1893. 
Number  of  nurses:   50. 
Salaries:   $60  per  month,  first  year;   $70,  second  year;  $75,  third 

year;  $80,  fourth  year;  $85,  fifth  year. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.    No  calls  are  made  after  6  p.  m.     Each 
nurse  has  one  entire  day  free  every  week,  and  one  month's 
vacation  with  full  salary  after  each  year  of  service. 
*  This  hospital  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
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Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  minor 

contagious,  and  tuberculous. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses'  service  is  one  department 
of  a  general  social  settlement  that  was  founded  by  a  trained 
nurse,  Miss  Lillian  D.  Wald.  The  plan  of  the  settlement  was 
from  the  first  based  upon  a  belief  in  the  value  of  district  nursing 
in  conjunction  with  other  social  work  as  a  means  of  increasing 
the  knowledge  of  real  conditions  in  the  poorer  sections  of  the 
city,  and  for  providing  first  hand  information  with  which  to 
stimulate  efforts  for  further  improvement  of  social  conditions. 

An  independent,  non-sectarian  visiting  nursing  service  has 
been  established  by  the  settlement  for  the  people  of  New  York. 
The  nurses  live  in  the  districts  in  which  they  work,  in  order  that 
their  identification  with  the  neighborhood  and  its  problems  may 
be  complete.  The  founder  and  her  associate  lived  for  two  years 
in  a  tenement;  at  the  expiration  of  that  time  a  house  was  taken, 
and  other  nurses  and  social  workers,  men  and  women,  joined 
them.  From  time  to  time  as  the  settlement  activities  have 
expanded,  other  houses  or  parts  of  houses  have  been  acquired 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  residents,  and  for  the  organizations 
and  other  social  features  of  the  settlement.  The  nurses  live  in 
the  houses  owned  by  the  settlement  in  Henry  Street  and  in  East 
79th  Street,  and  in  branches  in  other  parts  of  the  city.  Some  of 
them  maintain  small  households  of  their  own  in  tenement  houses, 
or  are  in  residence  in  other  social  settlements  in  the  districts  in 
which  they  work. 

In  connection  with  the  nursing  service,  First  Aid  rooms  are 
maintained,  where  a  nurse  is  in  attendance  during  the  daytime  to 
perform  minor  surgical  dressings  and  give  much  needed  advice. 
Several  convalescent  homes  belonging  to  the  settlement  are  in 
charge  of  nurses  on  the  staff;  three  of  these  are  open  all  the  year, 
one  in  the  summer  only. 

Special  funds  have  been  established  for  engaging  night  nurses 
for  extremely  ill  patients  where  the  family  can  pay  in  part  only 
or  not  at  all,  and  for  buying  extra  nourishment  or  other  necessary 
supplies.  Loan  closets  furnished  with  sick-room  appliances, 
bed  linen,  clothing,  sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,  disinfectants, 

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etc.,  are  maintained  in  each  district.  Charwomen  may  be 
employed  at  the  discretion  of  the  nurse  for  cleaning  the  rooms  of 
their  patients  and  for  laundry  work. 

There  is  a  special  staff  for  the  obstetrical  service,  and  steril- 
ized dressings  are  supplied  for  each  case. 

A  branch  house  is  maintained  in  East  79th  Street.  In  the 
colored  section  of  the  city,  nurses  belonging  to  the  general  staff 
have  their  headquarters,  and  work  among  their  own  people 
professionally.  They  also  help  other  workers  to  develop  social 
activities  in  the  neighborhood  through  clubs  and  classes. 

The  system  of  public  school  nursing  in  New  York  City,  the 
first  established  by  any  municipality  in  America,  was  begun  in 
1902  at  the  instigation  of  the  settlement,  which  made  the  experi- 
ment for  a  month  for  the  city.  The  initial  steps  in  the  nursing 
of  contagious  diseases  in  the  homes  were  also  taken  by  the  settle- 
ment for  the  Department  of  Health,  which  now  maintains  a 
small  staff  of  nurses  for  that  branch  of  work. 

The  more  experienced  nurses  in  the  settlement  take  part  in 
public  duties  to  a  large  extent.  Two  are  on  the  New  York 
State  Board  of  Nurse  Examiners  under  the  State  Department  of 
Education,  for  registration  of  hospital  graduates.  Others  are 
on  the  lecturing  staffs  of  the  School  of  Philanthropy,  the  Hospital 
Economics  Course  at  Teachers'  College,  and  act  on  Tuberculosis 
Committees  and  the  Department  of  Health  "  Committee  on  the 
Summer  Care  of  Children."  The  head  worker  and  founder  of 
the  settlement  is  a  member  of  both  national  and  state  Child 
Labor  committees,  and  participates  in  many  other  movements 
which  deal  with  large  social  interests. 

Each  nurse  on  the  staff  is  assigned  to  a  given  district.  Some 
of  these  are  quite  small,  particularly  in  the  congested  quarters 
of  the  city,  making  it  possible  to  give  more  time  to  the  individual 
case.  Two  or  more  visits  a  day  are  made  to  all  patients  who  need 
frequent  attention.  Calls  are  accepted  from  all  sources.  When 
one  comes  from  a  family  where  there  is  no  physician  in  attendance, 
the  nurse  secures  one  through  private  or  public  charities.  The 
patients  pay  from  $.10  to  $.25  a  visit  when  able  to  do  so. 

The  nurses  do  not  wear  a  formal  uniform,  but  they  have 
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NEW  YORK 

garments  suitable  to  their  work, — plain  washable  dresses,  simple 
hats  and  coats,  and  in  bad  weather,  a  short  woolen  skirt. 

A  milk  station  is  maintained  in  Henry  Street,  where  a  high 
grade  of  milk  is  sold.  This  is  sent  to  the  settlement  from  a 
gentleman's  private  dairy,  and  is  intended  only  for  patients  who 
are  in  special  need  of  pure,  rich  milk.  The  price  charged  is  the 
same  as  that  paid  for  ordinary  bottled  milk  in  the  neighborhood. 
Those  who  are  unable  to  pay  for  it  have  tickets  given  them  by  the 
visiting  nurses  or  by  agents  connected  with  philanthropic 
societies.     No  bottles  are  given  without  tickets. 

Dr.  Hill's  Maternity  Clinic,  216  East  76th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Three. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

House  of  Aquila,  130  Stanton  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  September,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $25  per  month  and  expenses. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 

Affiliations:  Protestant  Episcopal  City  Mission  Society. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  nurse  looks  after  the  children  in  the  day  nursery 
connected  with  the  house.  They  are  examined  daily,  and  when 
absent  or  ill  the  nurse  visits  and  cares  for  them  in  their  homes. 

Junior  Sea  Breeze — Open  Air  Camp,  Under  the  Auspices  of  the 
New  York  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor, 
64th  Street  and  East  River. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  June,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  Four. 

Salary:  $65  per  month,  laundry  and  carfare. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  This  is  an  activity  which  is  carried  on 
only  during  the  summer  months.     It  was  started  in  the  summer 

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of  1906,  when  the  association  erected  five  wooden  shacks  each 
equipped  for  twelve  sick  babies,  who  were  given  regular  hospital 
care,  and  also  two  large  tents  overlooking  the  river  where 
mothers  could  take  their  babies,  and  where  the  older  children 
also  were  made  welcome.  The  Department  of  Education 
maintained  a  vacation  school  near  the  tents  for  the  children  who 
were  old  enough  and  well  enough  to  attend.  A  physician  was 
there  daily  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  to  give  personal  attention  to 
the  sick  children.  A  visiting  nurse  followed  up  all  cases  that 
were  brought  to  the  association,  and  urged  mothers  of  sick 
babies  to  take  them  for  advice  and  care  to  Junior  Sea  Breeze, 
or  to  a  hospital.  The  babies  were  taken  in  for  the  day  or  were 
kept  for  continuous  hospital  treatment. 

In  the  following  summer,  the  19th  ward,  which  lies  between 
39th  and  90th  Streets,  Fifth  Avenue  and  the  East  River,  was 
selected  as  a  field  for  an  active  campaign  among  the  babies  and 
young  children.  Twenty-three  nurses  were  engaged  to  make 
house-to-house  visitations,  to  give  advice  and  instruction  to 
mothers,  and  to  urge  them  to  take  their  sick  children  for  treat- 
ment to  Junior  Sea  Breeze,  or  to  a  hospital.  In  some  instances 
convalescent  babies  needing  further  professional  care  were 
sent  with  their  tired  mothers  from  Junior  Sea  Breeze  to  the 
Fresh  Air  Home  at  Coney  Island,  thus  completing  their  cure. 

Since  1908,  a  physician  has  been  in  residence  each  summer 
subject  to  call  both  day  and  night,  and  in  1909  the  visiting  nurs- 
ing force  was  enlarged.  This  camp  was  planned  primarily  as 
an  instrument  to  prevent  disease  and  each  year  works  toward 
this  end,  with  an  evergrowing  effectiveness. 

R.  H.  Macy's  Mutual  Aid  Association,  34th  Street  and  Broadway. 
Established  social  welfare  nurses  in  September,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses :  Three. 
Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of   cases   cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  care  for  employes,  or  for  patrons  who 
may  be  taken  ill  in  the  store.     They  also  visit  sick  employes  in 

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their  homes.  A  physician  is  in  attendance  at  the  store  three 
days  in  the  week  from  9  to  11  -.30  a.  m.,  and  is  subject  to  call  by 
telephone  whenever  he  may  be  needed. 

Madison  Square  Church  House,  Third  Avenue  and  30th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  the  religious  and 

social  work  of  the  church  in  1900. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  Eight  hours. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Clinics  are  held  on  Mondays  and  Thursdays  at 

the  Church  House.     A  physician  is  in  charge,  assisted  by  the 

nurse.     The  latter  also  has  a  class  in  home  nursing  on  Tuesday 

evenings  during  the  winter. 

Manhattan  Maternity  and  Dispensary,  327  East  60th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  16,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  Three ;  sometimes  four — pupils. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.  with  two  hours  off  daily,  and  half  of 
Sunday. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  free  nursing  service  was  established  in  1905  in 
connection  with  the  Out-Patient  Department.  The  staff  is 
composed  of  pupils  from  several  hospitals,  who  receive  their 
obstetrical  training  here.  Uniforms  for  tenement  house  service 
are  supplied  by  the  hospital.  The  pupil  nurses  work  in  the 
homes  of  the  patients  under  the  direction  of  a  supervising  nurse. 
Clothing  for  mothers  and  babies,  food  and  fuel,  may  be  given 
in  emergency  cases  only.  When  necessary,  charitable  societies 
are  called  upon  to  give  relief. 

Manhattan  Visiting  and  Instructive  Nurses'  Association,  239 

East  14th  Street. 
Established  in  February,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

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Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Mothers'  meetings  are  sometimes  held,  and  instruc- 
tion given  in  the  details  of  ordinary  nursing  care.  Clothing 
and  bed  linen  supplies  are  kept  on  hand  to  loan  or  give  away. 
Milk  tickets,  malted  milk,  and  other  necessary  nourishment  are 
given  to  needy  patients. 

Margaret  Bottome  Memorial,  The  King's   Daughters'  House 
in  Harlem,  216  East  128th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  on  July  1,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  and  room. 

Hours:  10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  settlement  named  for  the 
founder  of  "The  King's  Daughters  and  Sons." 

The  nurse  is  a  resident  of  the  house;  her  district  extends 
from  100th  Street  to  135th  Street,  and  from  Fifth  Avenue  to  the 
East  River.  Office  hours  are  kept  by  her  daily  from  1  to  2  p.  m., 
when  patients  able  to  be  about,  go  for  dressings  and  aid  of  all 
kinds.  Nourishment,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances  are 
supplied  when  necessary.  The  work  is  largely  among  women 
and  children,  obstetrical  calls  predominating. 

Ministering  Guild,  515  Lexington  Avenue. 

Established  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  This  work  is  a  private  philanthropy  carried  on  by  a 

small  number  of  women,  who  supply  all  necessary  funds. 

14  209 


NEW  YORK 

Morgagni  Clinic,  173  West  Houston  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  November,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $30  and  all  living  expenses. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  clinic  on  Tuesday,  Thursday, 
and  Saturday  mornings  from  10  to  12;  the  remaining  time  is 
spent  in  visiting  the  patients  in  their  homes.  Sputum  cups, 
gauze  handkerchiefs,  and  disinfectants  are  furnished  to  all 
who  are  unable  to  buy  them. 

Mt.  Sinai  Hospital,  Social  Welfare  Department,  Fifth  Avenue 
and  1  ooth  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1890.  The  Social  Welfare  Depart- 
ment was  organized  in  July,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Five;  one  a  senior  pupil. 

Salaries:  Supervisor,  $80  per  month;  assistant,  $65  per  month  and 
board. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  For  several  years  the  senior  pupils  of 
this  hospital  have  had  training  in  visiting  nursing,  one  pupil  at 
a  time  being  detailed  for  the  service.  In  1907,  a  Social  Welfare 
Department  was  started  with  a  graduate  nurse  in  charge.  The 
work  grew  rapidly,  and  in  1909  assistant  nurses  were  added  to 
the  staff.  Supervision  of  the  visiting  pupil  nurses  was  trans- 
ferred to  this  department,  and  the  instruction  adds  greatly  to  the 
value  of  the  training  given  to  the  undergraduates. 

The  nurses  visit  the  wards,  learn  the  needs  of  the  patients 
who  are  about  to  be  discharged,  then  visit  the  families  to  ascer- 
tain home  conditions  and  what  chance  there  may  be  for  conva- 
lescent care.  They  send  patients  to  convalescent  homes  and 
tuberculosis  sanatoria.  Arrangements  are  made  with  the  var- 
ious relief  societies  for  help  of  all  kinds,  and  employment  may  be 
found  for  those  needing  work. 

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Patients  awaiting  admission  to  the  hospital  are  visited  also, 
and  nursing  care  is  given  until  they  can  be  admitted  to  the 
wards.  When  necessary,  temporary  financial  assistance,  rail- 
road transportation,  and  clothing  are  furnished.  Braces  and 
surgical  appliances  are  supplied,  which  may  be  paid  for  wholly 
or  in  part.  All  bottle-fed  babies  discharged  from  the  hospital 
are  visited  in  the  homes,  and  instructions  are  given  to  the 
mothers  regarding  the  preparation  of  food  and  the  proper  care 
of  the  child. 

National  Biscuit  Company,*  15th  Street,  9th  and  10th  Avenues. 
This  factory  has  had  a  Social  Service  nurse  for  some  time.     There 
is  an   emergency  room  where  she  attends  to   minor  surgical 
dressings,   and   slight   illnesses.     She  also   gives   the  employes 
lessons  in  general  hygiene. 

The  New  York  Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the 
Poor,  105  East  22nd  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  Five. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases   cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Two  of  the  nurses  visit  the  people  who  have  applied 
for  aid,  and  who  are  reported  by  the  district  visitor  to  be  ill. 
General  nursing  care  is  given  to  all  who  need  it.     Mothers  are 
instructed  in  child  feeding  and  simple  hygiene.     Patients  are  sent 
to  convalescent  and  country  homes.     A  supply  closet  furnishes 
bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances.     These  may  be 
loaned  or  given  away,  according  to  the  needs  of  the  patients. 
In  1908,  a  system  of  home  visiting  was  organized,  in  connec- 
tion with  various  children's  dispensaries.     This  was  the  result 
of  the  educational  movement  which  was  started  at  Junior  Sea 
Breeze,  and  it  was  intended  to  prevent  the  repeated  recurrence 
of  diseases  among  children  who  had  been  once  cured.     This 
*  No  answers  received  to  late  communications. 
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NEW  YORK 

was  especially  necessary  in  cases  due  to  improper  feeding,  and 
the  need  had  been  long  felt  of  following  the  after  course  of 
patients  whose  illness  was  due  to  bad  home  conditions.  A 
visiting  nurse  was  engaged,  therefore,  to  attend  the  Children's 
Department  at  Bellevue.  She  assisted  the  physicians  in  the 
dispensary,  visited  the  babies  in  the  wards,  and  followed  them  to 
their  homes  to  continue  the  treatment  and  to  correct  unfavorable 
home  conditions  as  far  as  possible.  The  association  now  has 
three  nurses  engaged  in  this  work,  and  has  inaugurated  a  simi- 
lar service  at  the  University  and  Bellevue  Medical  Clinic,  at 
New  York  Hospital,  at  Roosevelt  Hospital,  and  at  the  Vander- 
bilt  Clinic. 

The  New  York  Colored  Mission,  225  West  30th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $25  per  month. 

Hours:  Four  daily;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Friends'  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  Food,  clothing  and  other  supplies  are  given  when 
needed. 

New  York  Dispensary,  145  Worth  Street. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Milk  is  sometimes  given  to  needy  patients. 

The  New  York  Hospital,  West  15th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $75  per  month,  lunches,  and  carfare. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  attends  the  tuberculosis  clinics  and  visits 

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NEW  YORK 

the  patients  in  their  homes.  She  teaches  the  families  the  neces- 
sary precautions  in  guarding  against  infection,  and  instructs 
the  patients  how  best  to  effect  their  cure.  Special  diet  is  pro- 
vided and  sputum  cups  are  given  to  all  who  cannot  afford  to 
buy  them  in  sufficient  quantities. 

The  second  nurse  attends  the  children's  clinics,  visits  these 
patients,  and  follows  up  those  who  have  been  discharged  from 
the  hospital  wards.  She  sends  patients  to  convalescent  homes, 
supplies  necessary  clothing,  crutches,  etc.,  and  sees  that  all 
necessary  surgical  appliances  are  obtained  through  other  channels. 

New  York  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Children,  321  East  15th 

Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  the  Out-Patient 

Department,  in  1902. 
Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:     Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Each  pupil  nurse  has  two  months'  training  in  this 

work,  under  supervision  of  the  women  physicians  connected 

with  the  Department. 

Social  Service  Department 
November  1,  1908,  a  graduate  nurse  was  engaged  to  follow  up 
patients  discharged  from  the  hospital,  or  those  attending  the 
Out-Patient  Department  who  needed  other  than  professional 
care.  Patients  are  sent  to  convalescent  homes,  children  are 
placed  in  institutions,  sent  to  the  country,  etc.,  and  employment 
is  found  for  those  needing  work. 

New  York  Milk  Committee,  Under  the  Auspices  of  the  New  York 
Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  105  East 
22nd  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Nine. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9:00  a.  m.  to  5:00  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Infants  under  two  years  of  age. 

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Plan  of  Work:  June  17,  1908,  the  New  York  Milk  Committee 
opened  seven  milk  depots  to  supply  milk  for  infants.  They 
were  under  the  supervision  of  trained  nurses  and  volunteer 
physicians  who  instructed  the  mothers  in  classes.  Special 
stress  was  laid  upon  the  desirability  of  giving  the  babies  mothers' 
milk  rather  than  bottled  milk,  and  no  mother  was  permitted  to 
buy  bottled  milk  until  a  physician  had  determined  that  she  was 
unable  to  nurse  her  baby.  From  \  cent  to  2  J  cents  were  charged 
for  each  bottle.  People  who  could  not  afford  to  pay  for  the  milk 
were  given  financial  assistance  by  the  New  York  Association 
for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  or  by  other  relief 
societies. 

Seven  of  the  nurses  were  assigned  to  certain  districts;  they 
began  by  interesting  the  physicians  of  the  neighborhood  in  the 
work,  and  securing  their  services  for  conducting  the  consulta- 
tions. The  nurses  were  given  the  names  and  addresses  of  all 
babies  in  their  districts  whose  births  had  been  recorded  within 
the  three  previous  months;  the  babies  were  visited  and  the 
mothers  invited  to  attend  the  mothers'  classes  at  the  milk  depots, 
where  physicians  were  present  to  examine  the  children  and  give 
talks  on  the  proper  care  and  feeding  of  infants. 

The  work  was  more  largely  preventive  than  curative,  and  it 
has  been  continued  up  to  the  present  time.  Systematic  records 
are  kept  of  each  child;  it  is  weighed  each  time  it  is  taken  to  the 
depot,  and  notes  are  made  of  intestinal  disturbance  or  other 
illness,  and  of  the  kind  of  milk  used.  Facts  showing  medical 
and  social  conditions  affecting  the  life  of  the  child  are  kept  also, 
and  a  strong  hold  has  been  secured  upon  the  mothers  by  the 
careful  follow-up  work  of  the  nurses. 

There  are  two  nurses  not  connected  with  depots  who  give 
most  of  their  time  to  home  visiting,  and  instructional  work. 

The  addresses  of  the  milk  depots  in  charge  of  visiting  nurses 
are: 

202  Henry  Street  246  East  82nd  Street 

244  Mulberry  Street  146  West  100th  Street 

73  Cannon  Street  412  West  47th  Street 

434  East  73d  Street 

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NEW  YORK 

New  York  Orthopedic  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  126  East  59th 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  21,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four,  three  of  whom  are  pupils. 

Salary:  $35  per  month  and  all  expenses. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous  and  orthopedic. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses'  visits  are  confined  to  the  patients  who 
are  under  the  care  of  the  dispensary  surgeons.  Only  ortho- 
pedic cases,  and  children  with  tubercular  joints  are  cared  for. 
The  mothers  are  instructed  in  the  general  care  of  the  children, 
and  they  are  taught  how  to  adjust  the  braces  and  to  do  what- 
ever else  may  be  necessary.  No  fees  are  charged;  dressings 
are  supplied  by  the  dispensary.  When  special  relief  is  neces- 
sary, the  family  is  referred  to  the  proper  agency. 

New  York  Throat,  Nose,  and  Lung  Hospital,  229  E.  57th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  November,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  1  p.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  her  patients  before  and  after 

clinic  hours.     Milk  is  supplied  to  needy  patients  through  the 

New  York  Diet  Kitchen. 

The  Presbyterian  Hospital,  Visiting  Nurse  Department,  70th 
Street  and  Madison  Avenue. 

Established  in  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six — three  are  senior  pupils. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  for  the  graduate  nurses. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Every  third  Sunday  free  from 
duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  Presbyterian  Hospital  was  one  of  the  first  in 
New  York  City  to  establish  a  visiting  nurses'  service.  A  grad- 
uate nurse  supervises  this  department,  and  directs  the  work  of 
the  pupils.  The  course  is  elective  during  the  third  year,  and 
lasts  for  two   months;  only  those  students  who  have  special 

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NEW  YORK 

interest  in  this  branch  of  nursing  take  it  up.  One  afternoon 
each  week  is  allowed  for  classes  and  lectures.  A  special  uniform 
and  a  fully  equipped  bag  are  supplied  by  the  hospital.  Each 
nurse  has  a  district  assigned  to  her  and  also  a  part  of  the  office 
work,  keeping  of  records,  etc.  The  patients  visited  are  those 
who  attend  the  dispensary,  and  those  who  are  dismissed  from 
the  wards  at  an  early  stage  of  convalescence  in  order  that  room 
may  be  made  for  patients  more  in  need  of  hospital  care.  A 
loan  closet  supplies  bed  linen,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

Several  physicians  and  surgeons  volunteer  to  visit  patients 
who  are  not  able  to  go  to  the  dispensary,  and  cannot  afford  a 
private  doctor. 

Tuberculosis  work  was  done  in  the  beginning  by  the  pupils, 
but  after  several  months'  trial  the  students  were  found  inade- 
quate for  this  service,  largely  because  of  the  frequent  changes 
in  the  staff,  and  a  graduate  nurse  was  engaged  in  December, 
1905,  to  carry  on  this  part  of  the  work.  Milk  and  eggs  are 
supplied  to  needy  patients  by  the  Katie  Geitz  Kitchen  at  519 
East  76th  Street,  a  branch  of  the  Visiting  Nursing  Department. 
In  May,  1907,  a  third  graduate  nurse  was  engaged  to  specialize 
on  social  service  work,  as  had  been  done  from  the  beginning 
by  the  instructor. 

Occasional  visits  are  made  at  the  request  of  outside  physicians 
or  social  workers;  the  service,  however,  is  almost  wholly  for  the 
hospital  patients.  A  fee  of  $.10  to  $.25  is  asked  of  those  who  can 
afford  to  pay.  The  money  received  in  this  way  forms  the 
Patients'  Fund,  and  supplies  nourishment,  flowers,  and  fruit 
for  very  ill  or  needy  patients. 

St.  Bartholomew's  Clinic,  217  East  42nd  Street. 

Established  a  visiting  nursing  department  February  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  Four. 
Salary:  $35  per  month,  board  and  laundry. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  carried  on  under  the  auspices  of  St. 
Bartholomew's  Church. 

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NEW  YORK 

St.  George's  Church,  Stuyvesant  Square,  East  16th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  other  activities  of 
the  Church  in  1884. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $400  a  year  and  all  living  expense  at  St.  George's  Deacon- 
ess' Home,  208  East  16th  Street. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  and  gives  nursing  care  to  all 
parishioners  who  need  her  services.  The  top  floor  of  the  Deacon- 
ess' Home  is  fitted  up  for  convalescent  patients,  and  used  by 
women  and  girls  of  the  parish  who  have  been  in  hospitals  and 
who  need  a  period  of  rest  to  enable  them  to  return  to  their  work. 
The  nurse  cares  for  these  patients  and  helps  to  make  their  stay  a 
pleasant  one.  When  her  professional  duties  permit,  she  has 
also  certain  social  responsibilities  in  connection  with  the  clubs 
and  classes. 

St.  Luke's  Association  of  Grace  Parish,  Broadway  and  10th 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1877. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $400  a  year  with  board. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Grace  Dispensary,  414  E.  14th  Street,  has  a 
physician  in  charge  and  a  nurse  is  in  attendance  during  clinic 
hours,  who  visits  these  and  other  patients  in  their  homes. 

St.  Luke's  Hospital,  Cathedral  Heights,  113th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  December  18,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  Convalescent  relief  work  is  carried  on  in  connection 
with  the  Out-Patient  Department  of  the  hospital. 

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NEW  YORK 

St.  Thomas'  Chapel  of  St.  Thomas'  Church,  230  East  60th 
Street.  Headquarters  of  the  nurse,  St.  Thomas'  House,  229 
East  59th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  December  12,  1896. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  About  ten. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  only  the  very  poor  of  the  parish 
who  are  not  able  to  pay  for  her  services.  There  are  three  parish 
doctors  with  whom  she  co-operates,  and  from  whom  she  receives 
many  of  the  calls.  The  Halsey  Day  Nursery,  227  East  59th 
Street,  is  also  under  her  care.  This  she  visits  every  day,  and 
each  child  who  enters  the  Industrial  School  and  Kitchen  Garden 
classes  is  examined. 

Society  of  the  Lying-in  Hospital  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
Second  Ave.,  17th  and  18th  Streets. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Ten — pupils. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  are  answered  whenever  received. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Nurses  from  many  of  the  large  hospitals  of  New 
York  City,  Brooklyn,  Boston,  Cleveland,  Jersey  City,  Philadel- 
phia, Scranton,  Pennsylvania,  Norfolk,  Virginia,  Yonkers  and 
Middletown,  in  New  York,  receive  their  obstetrical  training  at 
this  hospital.  They  are  given  a  certain  part  of  the  three  months' 
service  in  visiting  the  patients  in  their  homes.  The  pupils 
accompany  the  physician  at  the  time  of  delivery,  and  give  the 
mother  and  child  ten  days'  after  care.  The  Out-door  Depart- 
ment of  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary  employs  a  visiting  agent  and 
seven  cleaning  women;  and  upon  request  of  the  nurse  or 
physician,  the  visitor  will  see  that  the  patient's  rooms  are  sys- 
tematically looked  after  and  cared  for  during  her  illness.  When 
necessary,  clothing  is  supplied  for  mother  and  child.     Milk, 

218      , 


NEW  YORK 

coal,  and  groceries  are  given  for  two  weeks,  or  longer,  according 
to  the  condition  of  the  mother  and  the  family. 

Sunny-side  Day  Nursery,  221  East  104th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  connection  with  this  work  on 
March  1,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month,  and  $5.00  for  carfare. 

Hours :  About  eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  cares  for  the  sick  children  in  their  homes, 
takes  those  needing  hospital  care  to  the  appropriate  hospitals, 
and,  upon  their  recovery,  sends  the  patients  to  convalescent 
homes.  She  also  attends  to  having  glasses  fitted  for  children 
who  need  them,  and  takes  others  to  the  Orthopedic  Hospital 
for  braces  or  special  treatment.  Nourishment,  fuel  and  cloth- 
ing are  supplied  when  necessary. 

United  Relief  Works,  Society  for  Ethical  Culture,  33  Central 
Park  West. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  April,  1879. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  was  the  second  society  in  the 
United  States  to  undertake  visiting  nursing,  and  the  first  to 
organize  it  in  a  purely  secular  way.  This  was  also  the  first 
visiting  nursing  work  that  was  done  in  connection  with  public 
dispensaries.  Miss  Effie  R.  Benedict,  a  graduate  of  the  Belle- 
vue  Training  School,  started  the  work  at  the  German  Dispen- 
sary in  8th  Street,  and  later  took  it  up  at  the  Demilt  Dispensary, 
245  E.  23rd  Street,  corner  2nd  Avenue.  In  1883  she  was 
"loaned"  to  the  Chicago  Ethical  Society  to  aid  it  in  organizing 
the  work  in  that  city,  and  remained  there  for  six  months.     At 

219 


NEW  YORK 

the  end  of  that  time  she  returned,  leaving  two  nurses,  one  in  the 
south  side  dispensary,  and  one  in  the  west  side,  to  carry  on  the 
work  there. 

The  New  York  Ethical  Society  now  supports  three  nurses 
with  headquarters  at  the  Demilt  Dispensary,  245  East  23rd 
Street,  The  Good  Samaritan  Dispensary,  corner  Essex  and 
Broome  Streets,  and  the  Northern  Dispensary,  corner  Christo- 
pher Street  and  Waverly  Place.  The  nurses  attend  the  clinics 
during  certain  hours  of  each  day,  and  visit  the  patients  in  their 
homes.  Each  nurse  has  a  loan  closet  furnished  with  bed  linen, 
clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances.  They  also  have  $5.00 
a  month  each  to  use  as  an  emergency  fund  for  buying  extra 
nourishment  for  their  patients  or  whatever  may  be  needed  in 
special  cases.  Surgical  dressings  are  supplied  by  the  dispen- 
saries. 

Vanderbilt  Clinic,  Department  of  Visiting  Nursing,  60th  Street 
and  Amsterdam  Avenue. 

Established  in  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  Five. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  tuberculous,  and 
pediatrics. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Presbyterian  Hospital  Training 
School  Alumnae  gave  the  first  money  to  be  used  for  starting 
visiting  nursing  among  tuberculous  patients  attending  this 
clinic.  Later  the  nurse  was  maintained  by  a  fund  given  by 
Mrs.  W.  K.  Vanderbilt.  There  are  now  four  nurses  working  in 
three  departments,  devoting  their  energies  to  the  care  of  tuber- 
culosis patients,  to  the  instruction  of  mothers  and  the  care  and 
feeding  of  babies  and  children,  to  the  nursing  of  severely  acute 
cases,  and  treatment  of  various  chronic  disorders. 

Aside  from  the  regular  tuberculosis  work,  there  are  several 
tuberculosis  clinics  which  meet  three  mornings  and  four  after- 
noons each  week,  and  a  children's  clinic,  all  of  which  are  at- 
tended by  the  tuberculosis  nurses.  In  the  children's  clinic, 
cases  of  pulmonary  tuberculosis  only  are  treated,  and  the  chil- 

220 


NEW  YORK 

dren  of  tuberculous  parents  are  regularly  examined.  A  day 
camp  was  opened  December  9,  1908,  on  the  roof,  for  men, 
women,  and  children.  A  hot  dinner  is  served  at  noon  and  two 
lunches,  one  in  the  morning,  the  other  at  4  p.  m.,  consisting 
of  a  glass  of  milk  and  an  egg.  The  expense  for  maintaining  the 
camp  is  borne  for  one  year  by  the  New  York  County  branch  of 
the  National  Red  Cross. 

A  Social  Service  branch,  with  a  physician  in  charge,  was 
started  January  30,  1907.  A  few  months  later,  the  work  was 
assumed  by  a  trained  nurse.  Patients  who  are  not  in  need  of 
medical  attention  are  referred  to  her  by  the  various  physi- 
cians; she  also  interviews  many  of  the  patients  while  waiting, 
before  they  are  seen  by  the  physicians.  Many  need  to  have 
work  found  for  them,  some  need  dental  care,  others  are  re- 
ferred to  various  associations  for  financial  relief;  some  are 
admitted  to  hospitals,  and  some  are  sent  to  convalescent  homes 
or  to  the  country.  Very  many  are  instructed  in  hygiene,  and 
others  need  friendly  advice,  eyeglasses,  or  surgical  appliances  of 
various  kinds.  During  the  summer  months,  Fresh  Air  work  is 
an  important  feature.  Children  from  the  children's  depart- 
ment who  need  convalescent  care,  especially  those  who  have 
tuberculous  parents,  are  sent  to  the  country,  where  they  remain 
from  one  week  to  several  months  if  necessary.  Day  excur- 
sions are  planned  for  those  who  cannot  leave  home  for  a  longer 
period. 

John  Wanamaker,  Beneficial  Association. 

Established  a  visiting  nursing  service  in  February,  1897. 

Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Salaries:  $100,  $80,  and  $60  per  month  respectively. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  employes  of  this  department  store  become 
members  of  the  Beneficial  Association  as  one  of  the  conditions 
of  their  employment.  A  small  monthly  assessment  is  deducted 
from  their  salaries,  and  the  association  pays  weekly  benefits  in 
case  of  sickness,  and  a  burial  benefit  in  case  of  death.     The 

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NEW  YORK 

Beneficial  Association  pays  the  salary  of  the  secretary,  who  is  a 
nurse,  and  the  firm  pays  that  of  the  other  two  nurses. 

In  cases  of  illness  or  accident  an  employe  immediately  notifies 
the  secretary,  and  she  or  one  of  her  assistants  visits  the  employe 
to  learn  the  character  of  the  illness,  and  to  see  that  proper  care 
is  given  the  patient.  Visits  are  made  and  repeated  from  day  to 
day,  or  week  to  week,  as  the  case  requires.  Nursing  care  is 
given,  and  in  some  instances  in  a  critical  illness,  a  night  is  spent 
at  the  patient's  bedside.  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  very 
ill  patients  who  need  continuous  care.  In  long  cases  of  illness, 
where  the  families  are  powerless  to  bear  the  necessary  expense 
and  the  patient  cannot  be  transferred  to  a  hospital,  arrange- 
ments have  been  made  whereby  the  nurses  of  the  Henry  Street 
Settlement  may  be  called  upon  for  hourly  service  at  a  nominal  fee. 

There  are  two  First  Aid  rooms  in  the  store,  one  containing 
four  beds,  the  other  two,  where  the  nurses  treat  simple  ailments 
and  slight  injuries.  An  emergency  fund  raised  by  the  associa- 
tion is  used  to  supplement  the  regular  fund,  and  enables  the 
association  to  send  an  incipient  tuberculosis  case  away  to  take 
the  rest  cure,  or  to  meet  any  other  emergency  which  may  arise. 
The  discovery  of  such  needs,  and  recommendations  befitting 
each  case,  are  made  by  the  nurse. 

Wilkes'  Dispensary,  Out-Patient  Department  of  St.  Mary's 
Free  Hospital  for  Children,  435  Ninth  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $35  per  month,  and  all  expenses. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  service  is  limited  to  patients  who  apply  for 
treatment  at  the  dispensary,  the  nurse  visiting  them  in  their 
homes  as  long  as  necessary.  A  loan  closet  furnishes  bed  linen 
and  clothing;  surgical  dressings  also  are  supplied. 

Woman's  Branch  of  the  New  York  City  Mission  and  Tract 
Society,  105  East  22nd  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1877. 

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NEW   YORK 

Number  of  nurses:  Ten. 

Salary:  $55  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  Eight,  either  day  or  night. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  This  was  the  first  society  in  the  United 
States,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  to  give  trained  nursing 
care  in  the  homes  of  the  sick  poor.  Miss  Frances  Root,  one 
of  the  early  Bellevue  graduates,  began  the  work.  The  field  of 
this  service  lies  below  14th  Street,  and  it  is  carried  on  in  con- 
nection with  kindergartens,  day  nurseries,  several  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Aid  schools,  The  City  Mission  churches,  and  the  American 
Guardian  schools. 
The  nurses'  headquarters  are  at  the  following  addresses: 

Olivet  Memorial  Church,  63  Sec-  Bethlehem  Chapel,  196  Bleecker 

ond  St.  St. 

De  Witt  Memorial  Church,  280  Virginia  Day  Nursery,  632  East 

Rivington  St.  5th  St. 

Broome  Street  Tabernacle,  395  Children's  Aid  Schools:  256  Mott 

Broome  St.  St.,   156   Leonard  St.,   295  E. 

Italian  Mission  House,  34  Charl-  8th    St.,   24   Sullivan  St.,   and 

ton  St.  287  E.  Broadway. 
Spring  Street  Church  Settlement,  246  Spring  St. 

In  the  schools  the  nurses  carry  out  the  medical  inspectors' 
orders;  they  visit  the  pupils'  homes,  instruct  the  mothers  in 
general  hygiene  and  the  care  of  their  babies,  and  take  children  to 
dispensaries.  Daily  visits  are  made  at  the  Virginia  Day  Nursery, 
and  treatments  are  given  the  children  in  the  emergency  room. 

Aside  from  their  professional  duties,  the  nurses  take  an  active 
part  in  the  religious  work  of  the  society,  both  in  the  homes  of  the 
patients,  and  in  the  Christian  Workers'  Home,  129  East  10th 
St.,  where  the  nurses  live.  Instruction  is  given  in  Bible  study, 
and  in  general  missionary  work  of  all  kinds. 

NYACK 

Rockland  County  District  Nursing  Association,  First  Avenue. 

Established  July  1,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

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NEW  YORK 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  answered  when  received. 

Classes  -of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  answer  calls  in  Nyack,  South  Nyack, 

Grand  View,  and  Piermont.     All  classes  of  patients  are  cared 

for.     Fees  from  $.10  upward  are  charged;  patients  who  are 

unable  to  pay  are  cared  for  free  of  charge. 

OSSINING 
District  Nurse  Association,  Ann  Street. 
Established  in  April,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $45  per  month. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.,  with  two  hours'  rest  at  noon. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  also  has  general  charge  of  the  health  of 

the  children  in  the  Christ  Child  Day  Nursery,  and  of  the  old 

women  in  Bethany  Home. 

PIERMONT 

See  Nyack. 

RHINEBECK 
Thompson  House  District  Nursing,  Thompson  House  Hospital. 
Established  July  14,  1902. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month  and  living  expenses. 
Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 
Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  receives  its  name  from 
Thomas  Thompson,  who  left  over  a  million  dollars  in  trust  for 
the  relief  of  poor  seamstresses  and  shop  girls  in  the  towns  of 
Brattleboro,  Vermont,  and  Rhinebeck.  The  donor  provided 
that  if  the  whole  income  should  not  be  needed  for  this  purpose, 

224 


NEW  YORK 

it  could  be  used  for  kindred  purposes.  By  a  decree  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Massachusetts,  the  trustees  were  authorized 
to  build  hospitals  in  Brattleboro  and  Rhinebeck,  and  the  visit- 
ing nurses  in  both  places  are  supported  by  this  fund.  Bed 
linen  and  supplies  of  all  kinds  are  furnished  for  the  use  of  the 
nurse.     Nourishment  also  is  supplied  when  needed. 

ROCHESTER 
Bausch  and  Lomb. 

Established  a  graduate  nurse  for  professional  work  June  2,  1906. 

Salary:  $20  per  week,  or  $1040  per  year. 

Hours:  About  nine.  Sundays  are  always  free,  and  Saturday 
afternoons  from  May  till  October,  inclusive.  The  nurse  is  on 
duty  only  when  the  factory  is  running;  she  therefore  has  ten 
days'  vacation  at  Christmas  time  when  the  inventory  is  being 
taken,  and  all  holidays. 

Plan  of  Work:  There  is  a  well-equipped  hospital  room  with  one 
bed  always  ready  for  emergency  cases  and  slight  illnesses. 
Serious  accident  cases  are  removed  to  a  hospital  as  soon  as 
possible.  A  mutual  benefit  association  among  the  employes 
receives  large  contributions  from  the  company,  and  its  funds 
are  available  for  the  members  in  case  of  sickness  or  death. 

The  nurse  has  many  opportunities  for  close  personal  con- 
tact with  the  employes,  making  the  rounds  of  the  factory  fre- 
quently to  see  that  hygienic  conditions  are  maintained  and  to 
advise  with  foremen  as  well  as  individual  workers  regarding 
matters  pertaining  to  health.  When  the  new  factory  building 
now  in  process  of  erection  is  completed,  two  rooms  will  be  avail- 
able for  hospital  purposes,  one  for  men,  and  one  for  women. 
With  additional  facilities,  greater  opportunities  will  be  afforded 
the  nurse  for  social  welfare  work,  which  then  will  be  vigorously 
entered  upon. 

Hahnemann  Hospital.* 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1904. 

*  This  hospital  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
15  225 


NEW  YORK 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  are  given  one  month  in  district 
nursing  as  a  part  of  their  training. 

Rochester  Homeopathic  Hospital,  224  Alexander  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1891. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  are  sent  into  the  districts  for  a 
certain  period  during  their  training.  Calls  are  received  from  all 
sources.  The  hospital  is  given  $600  annually  towards  carry- 
ing on  this  work. 

Social  Service  Department 

Established  February  15,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  all  patients  who  are  dismissed 
from  the  wards  and  who  need  convalescent  care;  also  post- 
operative cases,  and  those  who  attend  the  hospital  dispensary. 
She  learns  the  home  conditions,  and  gives  the  patients  such 
assistance  as  may  be  needed. 

Northfield  Visiting  Nurse  of  the  Female  Charitable  Society, 

36  Poplar  Street. 
Established  December  14,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $70  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

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NEW  YORK 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  supported  by  the  Northfield  girls  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Female  Charitable  Society,  which  furnishes 
volunteer  visitors.  Each  visitor  is  detailed  to  a  small  district 
to  look  up  and  relieve  the  needy  sick.  Those  needing  nursing 
care  are  reported  to  the  visiting  nurse.  Bed  linen,  clothing, 
and  nourishment  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

Rochester  Public  Health  Association,  Tuberculosis  Department, 

32  S.  Washington  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  September  1,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salaries :  $60  per  month  with  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  One  nurse  gives  general  nursing  care  to  tuberculous 
patients;  the  other  investigates  the  homes  of  all  patients  attend- 
ing the  various  free  clinics,  to  see  if  they  are  worthy  of  free  treat- 
ment, and  also  looks  up  new  patients.  All  tuberculosis  cases 
are  registered  in  the  tuberculosis  clinic,  and  they  are  then  cared 
for  by  the  tuberculosis  nurse.  The  bed  patients  receive  sputum 
cups,  paper  napkins,  milk  and  eggs,  literature  upon  the  subject 
of  tuberculosis,  and  printed  instructions  for  the  care  of  themselves 
and  their  families.  Outfits  for  living  out-of-doors  may  be  loaned 
or  given  as  the  case  demands.  Those  able  to  attend  the  clinics, 
obtain  their  own  supplies. 

Public  School  Work 

The  nurses  of  the  Public  Health  Association  investigate  and 
follow  up  cases  reported  by  the  Medical  School  inspectors,  and 
many  others  are  cared  for  through  their  connection  with  the 
Free  Dispensary. 

Special  effort  is  made  to  reach  the  school  children  through  the 
general  clinics,  in  order  to  treat  them  for  necessary  ailments. 
Twice  a  week  one  nurse  prepares  for  and  assists  at  operations 
for  the  removal  of  tonsils  and  adenoids. 

Rochester  State  Hospital,  South  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  September,  1907. 

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NEW  YORK 

Number  of  nurses :  One — senior  pupil. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  the  senior  pupils  of  the  hospital  are  given  this 
service  in  rotation.  The  nurse  works  under  the  supervision  of  a 
physician,  and  gives  daily  care  to  each  patient  for  ten  days 
following  the  birth  of  the  infant. 

ROME 
Department  of  Health. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  i,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Local  Committee  of  the  State  Charities  Aid  Association,  206 

North  James  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two — pupils. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  senior  pupil  nurse  of  the  Rome  Hospital  visits 
tuberculous  patients  in  their  homes  and  attends  the  dispensary 
clinics  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Saturdays  from  8  to  9  p.  m. 
Special  diets  are  furnished  to  needy  patients  and  free  examinations 
of  sputum  are  made.  A  second  pupil  nurse  visits  medical  and 
obstetrical  patients  in  their  homes  and  gives  them  nursing  care. 
The  cost  of  maintaining  the  tuberculosis  dispensary  is  provided 
by  the  city.  The  expense  of  the  nursing  service  is  defrayed  by 
private  subscriptions. 

Rome  Hospital,  East  Garden  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 

228 


NEW  YORK 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  is  largely  in  connection  with  the  State 
Charities  Aid  Association. 

SARANAC  LAKE 
Saranac  Lake  Society  for  the  Control  of  Tuberculosis,  Main 
Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  August  24,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $1100  per  year. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. ;  Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  society  was  started  as  the  Saranac 
Lake  District  Nursing  Association.  In  1907  it  became  a  part  of 
the  Society  for  the  Control  of  Tuberculosis  and  is  now  known  by 
that  name.  After-care  only  is  given  in  obstetrical  cases.  Advice 
and  instruction  are  given  in  contagious  cases,  but  no  nursing 
care. 

An  effort  is  made  to  educate  tuberculous  patients  and  their 
families  to  carry  out  stringent  sanitary  regulations  concerning 
the  disposal  of  sputum.  The  society  distributes  educational 
literature  upon  the  subject  and  aids  the  Board  of  Health  to 
enforce  sanitary  measures  in  hotels  and  boarding  houses.  It 
endeavors  to  discourage  the  practice  of  sending  hopeless  patients, 
who  are  without  means  of  support,  to  the  Adirondacks. 

The  society  maintains  a  free  bureau  to  disseminate  reliable 
information  concerning  good  boarding  places,  and  the  cost  of 
living  in  the  vicinity.  A  loan  closet  provides  fur  coats,  reclining 
chairs,  and  sick-room  appliances  for  patients  who  are  unable  to 
buy  them.  The  nurse  has  also  a  supply  of  clothing  which  is 
always  more  or  less  in  demand.  Investigation  of  needy  cases  is 
made  and  temporary  aid  given  when  necessary.  A  second  nurse 
is  engaged  to  care  for  patients  needing  attention  on  Sundays, 
and  also  for  those  who  require  constant  nursing  during  acute 
illness. 


229 


NEW  YORK 

SCHENECTADY 

Municipal  Dispensary,  Jay  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  June,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  City. 
Plan  of  Work:    Sputum  cups  are  furnished  by  the  dispensary. 

Milk  and  eggs  are  given  to  needy  patients  by  the  Commissioner 

of  Charities. 

SOUTHEAST 
See  Brewster. 

SOUTH  NYACK 
See  Nyack. 

SYRACUSE 
Bureau  of  Health,  Department  of  Medical  Inspection  of  Public 
Schools. 

Established  visiting  nursing  for  the  public  schools  April  22,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  nurse  works  under  the  supervision  of  the  medical 
inspector,  and  after  school  hours  visits  excluded  children  in  their 
homes  to  see  that  they  are  following  the  physicians'  advice,  and 
to  insure  the  children's  return  to  school  at  the  earliest  possible 
time. 

Department  of   Health  Clinic  for  Treatment  of    Pulmonary 
Disease,  508  E.  Fayette  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $800  per  year. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

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NEW  YORK 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  clinics,  and  visits  all  patients 
in  their  homes.  Sputum  cups,  disinfectants,  milk  and  eggs  are 
supplied  when  necessary.  Reclining  chairs,  window  tents,  etc. 
may  be  loaned. 

TROY 

Instructive  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  May  i,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month  and  furnished  room. 

Hours:  Eight.     No  night  calls  are  accepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Leonard  Hospital. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  supply  committee  maintains  a  closet  at  the 
home  of  the  chairman,  and  everything  needed  for  the  sick  room 
is  kept  on  hand.  When  necessary,  the  assistance  of  other  nurses 
is  secured.  The  superintendent  of  Leonard  Hospital  receives  all 
telephone  calls  for  the  district  nurse. 

St.  John's  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  First  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  cares  for  the  sick  and  needy  poor  of  the 
parish.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances  may  be 
loaned  or  given  to  the  patients.  Medicines  and  delicacies  are 
supplied  when  the  families  are  unable  to  provide  them. 

Troy  Tuberculosis  Relief  Committee,  2  Hill  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :   One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 

231 


NEW  YORK 

Hours:  About  eight.     Sundays  and  Fridays  are  free. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:   Charity  Organization. 

Plan  of  Work:  On  Friday  night  the  nurse  attends  the  evening 
clinic.  Sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins  are  supplied.  Milk 
tickets  and  eggs  are  given  when  necessary.  Sleeping  bags, 
reclining  chairs,  cot  beds  and  tents  are  loaned.  In  some  in- 
stances porches  are  built  to  enable  patients  to  live  out  of  doors. 
Overcoats,  capes,  sweaters,  and  all  kinds  of  clothing  may  be 
loaned  or  given  away. 

UTICA 
The  Faxton  Hospital  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses :  One — pupil. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuber- 
culous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  take  the  service  in  rotation,  or, 
if  necessary,  two  go  out  at  a  time.  Night  calls  are  answered 
only  in  emergencies.  The  physician  calling  for  the  nurse  must 
send  his  own  carriage  or  see  that  she  is  escorted  to  her  desti- 
nation. A  fund  of  $30  per  month  is  contributed  for  carfare, 
medicine,  nourishment,  and  supplies.  Bed  linen  and  clothing  are 
given  to  destitute  patients. 

WESTCHESTER 
Westchester  Visiting  Nurse,  2610  St.  Raymond's  Avenue. 
Established  in  April,  1898. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  Irregular. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 

and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  charge  of  a  dispensary  in  conjunction 
with  the  various  physicians  of  Westchester.     Calls  are  answered 
at  all  times.     The  district  is  a  rural  one.    Aside  from  her  pro- 

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fessional  duties  the  nurse  acts  in  the  friendly  capacity  of  general 
adviser  to  her  neighbors  upon  all  subjects.  She  has  a  supply 
closet  of  clothing  which  she  loans  or  gives  away  at  her  discretion. 

WHITE  PLAINS 
White  Plains  Nursing  Association,  Miles  Building,  15  Court  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  A  nursing  committee  was  formed  in 
1904  as  the  preliminary  step  toward  establishing  a  district 
nursing  association.  This  committee  furnished  a  supply  closet, 
made  out  a  list  of  nurses  who  could  be  called  upon  in  time  of 
need,  and  acted  as  an  agent  in  securing  nurses  for  patients,  but 
it  did  not  assume  the  financial  responsibility.  The  work  was 
carried  on  in  this  way  for  over  a  year. 

May  17,  1905,  a  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  and 
July  1,  1906,  a  permanent  nurse  was  engaged.  Special  nurses 
are  employed  for  patients  needing  constant  attention,  and  a 
colored  nurse  is  engaged  to  care  for  her  own  people.  A  supply 
closet  is  maintained  at  the  home  of  Mrs.  Henry  Ungrich,  Jr., 
Prospect  Hill  Avenue.  Articles  can  be  borrowed  only  upon  the 
signed  order  of  the  attending  physician,  the  nurse,  or  a  member 
of  the  association.  A  small  rental  fee  is  usually  charged  for  the 
more  expensive  articles. 

YONKERS 
Board  of  Health,  9  Dock  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $100  per  month  for  the  permanent  nurse. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Contagious. 

Plan  of  Work:  In  addition  to  the  usual  duties,  the  nurse  acts  as  a 
sanitary  inspector.     She  visits  quarantined  cases,  and  sees  that 

233 


NEW  YORK 

the  regulations   are  being  carried  out.     During  the  summer, 
three  or  four  other  nurses  are  engaged  to  look  after  sick  infants. 

St.  John's  Riverside  Hospital,  District  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — pupils. 

Salary:  $75  per  month  and  carfare,  with  laundering  of  uniforms. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  senior  pupils  of  the  training  school  are  given 
this  service  in  rotation  as  part  of  their  training.  Each  nurse  has 
every  alternate  Sunday  free  and  one  half  day  each  week.  Calls 
are  received  principally  through  the  hospital  physicians,  but 
those  from  other  physicians  also  are  accepted.  Bed  linen, 
clothing,  and  nourishment  are  supplied  when  necessary.  Cards 
stating  that  a  fee  of  from  $.10  to  $.50  is  customary  are  pre- 
sented to  all  patients,  but  the  nurse  uses  her  judgment  as  to 
charging  the  maximum  or  minimum  price. 

All  patients  discharged  from  the  hospital  are  followed  up  and 
visited  in  their  homes;  those  needing  other  than  nursing  care  are 
referred  to  the  hospital  committee,  or  to  the  Commissioner  of 
Charities.  Reports  to  physicians  on  the  progress  or  termination 
of  cases  are  made  by  postal  card. 

The  Sanitary  League  of  Yonkers,  291  Nepperhan  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  October  8,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $1000  per  year. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  City  Departments. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  attends  the  dispensary  clinics,  which 
are  held  every  day  from  12  to  1  p.  m.  and  on  Monday,  Wednesday  p 
and  Friday  evenings  from  8  to  9  p.  m.  She  visits  all  the  patients 
in  their  homes,  and  keeps  a  full  history  of  the  family  as  long  as 
she  has  it  in  her  care.  She  reports  bad  housing  conditions,  keeps 
a  record  of  the  births  that  occur  in  the  families  of  her  patients,  and 

234 


NEW  YORK 

copies  certificates  of  all  deaths  from  tuberculosis.  She  keeps  a 
list  of  all  the  cases  of  tuberculosis  that  are  reported  in  the  city, 
and  calls  on  those  who  do  not  attend  the  dispensary  clinics, 
advising  and  helping  them;  and  she  records  the  names  of  all 
who  are  not  under  treatment  by  a  physician.  Milk  and  eggs  are 
supplied  to  those  who  are  unable  to  buy  them. 

The  Woman's  Institute  of  Yonkers,  Department  for  Phil- 
anthropic Work,  38  Palisade  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses :   One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Classes  in  home  nursing  are  held.  Clothing,  food 
and  nourishment  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

Yonkers  Homeopathic  and  Maternity  Hospital.* 

Since  1896,  the  hospital  has  sent  out  its  senior  pupils  to  care  for 

obstetrical  patients  in  the  homes. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

YORK 

The  Nursing  Society  for  the  Township  of  York. 

Established  December  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary :  $20  per  week,  with  room. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  tuber- 
culous, and  contagious. 

Plan  of  Work:  York  is  situated  in  a  rural  community  and  the 
nurses'  district  includes  some  dozen  villages,  among  which  are 
Greigsville,  Rebsof,  Piffard,  Fowlerville,  Wadsworth,  Craigs, 
and  Linwood.  She  is  taken  back  and  forth  from  her  home  to 
the  different  villages  either  by  the  physicians  or  the  families  of 
her  patients.  Necessary  sick-room  appliances  are  loaned;  also 
clothing  when  necessary. 

*  This  hospital  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
235 


NORTH  CAROLINA 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

ASHEVILLE 
Flower  Mission  and  Associated  Charities,  Visiting  Nurse  De- 
partment, College  Street. 

Established  in  January,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — one  a  senior  pupil. 

Salary:  The  supervising  nurse  receives  $20  per  month  for  four 
hours  of  work  daily. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  pupil  does  general  visiting  nursing  for  half  of 
each  day.  She  is  supervised  by  the  graduate  nurse,  who  keeps 
the  records  and  sends  in  the  monthly  reports.  The  nurse  also 
attends  the  weekly  meetings  of  a  tuberculosis  class,  and  visits 
all  the  patients  who  belong  to  it.  Calls  are  received  from  all 
sources.  If  a  patient  is  found  without  medical  attendance,  the 
case  is  reported  to  the  physician  for  the  Associated  Charities. 
Small  fees  are  charged  whenever  possible,  and  are  added  to  the 
funds  of  the  association  for  medical  supplies.  A  steam  laundry 
of  Asheville  launders  gratuitously  the  nurses'  uniforms,  and 
bed  linen  from  the  supply  closet.  The  electric  street  car  com- 
pany furnishes  carfare;  the  Associated  Charities  provides  bed 
linen  and  requisite  supplies. 

DURHAM 

Durham  Clinic  for  Pulmonary  Diseases,  301  Morris  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Clinics  are  held  four  days  during  the  week,  two 
for  white  patients,  and  two  for  colored  people.  The  nurse 
employs  the  remaining  time  in  visiting  the  patients  in  their 
homes.  The  town  and  county  pay  $100  per  month  toward  the 
expense  of  this  work,  including  the  nurse's  salary.  The  King's 
Daughters  furnish  the  supply  closet  with  bed  linen,  blankets,  and 
clothing,  which  are  loaned  to  the  patients. 

236 


NORTH  CAROLINA 

LEDGER,  MITCHELL  COUNTY 
The  Mountain  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  in  December,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  answered  whenever  received. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for :  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious 
and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  mountainous  district  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  North  Carolina,  many  miles  from  the 
nearest  reliable  physician.  The  work  was  started  and  has  been 
continued  by  Miss  Lydia  Holman,  whose  first  visit  was  made  in 
response  to  a  call  to  nurse  a  severe  case  of  typhoid  fever.  Upon 
the  recovery  of  the  patient,  Miss  Holman  resolved  to  make  her 
home  in  the  district  and  take  up  visiting  nurse's  work.  She 
rides  from  cabin  to  cabin,  carrying  needful  supplies  strapped  to 
her  saddle. 

The  ordinary  cabin  scattered  through  the  mountains  is  built 
of  logs,  chinked  with  clay,  and  consists  of  one  or  two  rooms  and 
sometimes  a  loft.  Only  the  open  fireplaces,  and  the  cracks  left 
by  the  imperfect  chinking  save  the  family  from  suffocation; 
there  are  rarely  any  windows,  the  only  real  opening  being  the 
door.  The  altitude  is  high,  the  air  pure  and  bracing,  and  all  the 
natural  conditions  should  insure  perfect  health,  but  unhygienic 
homes  and  a  deeprooted  aversion  to  air  and  water  have  allowed 
tuberculosis  and  typhoid  to  creep  in  and  claim  many  victims. 

The  nurse  usually  limits  her  calls  to  acute  illnesses,  and  to  ob- 
stetrical cases;  it  is  in  the  latter  branch  that  enlightenment  and 
help  are  most  needed,  as  the  methods  in  general  use  are  crude 
and  primitive.  The  district  is  large  and  the  distances  are  great, 
often  from  five  to  twenty  miles  between  cases,  and  the  work  of 
necessity  sometimes  exceeds  that  which  is  usually  considered 
within  a  nurse's  province.  Minor  surgical  operations,  obstetrical 
work,  general  medical  and  skin  cases,  and  extracting  of  teeth, 
fall  within  her  regular  line  of  work.  She  frequently  remains  with 
one  patient  long  enough  to  give  the  family  minute  instructions 
and  demonstrations  regarding  the  care  of  the  patient,  lest  she 
should  not  be  able  to  repeat  the  journey  for  several  days. 

237 


OHIO 

For  remuneration  the  nurse  accepts  whatever  may  be  offered. 
For  obstetrical  cases  among  well-to-do  people,  the  regular  charge 
is  $10;  for  others,  $5.00,  sometimes  $2.00,  and  often  her  services 
are  given  gratis.  Visits  are  paid  for  according  to  distance  and 
number,  with  no  regard  to  the  time  spent,  or  to  work  that  may  be 
done.  Frequently  farm  products  are  given  in  lieu  of  money — 
chickens,  potatoes,  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  wood,  or  whatever  there 
may  be  an  oversupply  of.  In  this  way  the  nurse  pays  for  her 
cabin,  her  horse  and  her  food. 

WILMINGTON 

Wilmington  Visiting  Nurse,*  322  South  5th  Street. 
Established  October  8,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month,  laundry,  and  carfare. 
Hours:   8:30   a.  m.    to  4:30  p.  m.;    Sundays  and  legal  holidays 

excepted. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:   This  work  is  mainly  supported  by  members  of  St. 

James  Episcopal  Church,  and  is  in  close  co-operation  with  the 

Associated  Charities. 

OHIO 
CANTON 

Children's  Aid  Society,  Eagle  Block. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 

and  tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  Altman  Hospital. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  graduate  nurse  is  also  a  probation  officer  con- 
nected with  the  Juvenile  Court.     The  nurses  take  pupils  of  the 
*This  association  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
238 


OHIO 

public  schools  to  physicians  for  examination  and  treatment. 
During  the  six  winter  months,  from  January  to  May,  they  have 
the  use  of  a  horse  and  carriage  on  their  rounds. 

CINCINNATI 
Board  of  Health,  Bureau  of  School  Hygiene. 

Established  school  nursing  January  5,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical  and  medical. 

Plan  of  Work:  There  is  a  central  clinic  to  which  the  nurses  urge 
all  pupils  who  cannot  pay  a  private  doctor  to  go.  This  dispensary 
cares  for  general  medical  and  skin  diseases,  and  the  school  children 
are  carefully  looked  after.  All  pupils  who  can  afford  to  pay,  are 
sent  with  cards  for  their  own  physician  to  fill  out.  Eight  schools 
and  6,000  children  are  now  under  supervision. 

The  Christ  Hospital,  2139  Auburn  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1890. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two — one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  and  the  University 
Settlement. 

Plan  of  Work:  During  their  training,  the  senior  pupil  nurses  have  a 
period  of  visiting  nursing  under  supervision  of  a  graduate  deacon- 
ess nurse.  Besides  their  general  work,  they  attend  the  University 
Settlement  clinic,  and  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes.  Bed 
linen  and  clothing  may  be  loaned  or  given  to  needy  patients; 
nourishment  may  be  supplied  for  very  sick  people. 

The  Maternity  Society  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1881. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

239 


OHIO 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  society  was  formed  with  the  object  of  providing 
the  services  of  a  physician  and  a  nurse,  and  supplying  necessary 
aid  and  comfort  to  destitute  women  in  child-bed,  regardless  of 
creed.  This  aid  was  to  be  limited  to  the  woman's  necessity, 
and  to  be  given  at  the  discretion  of  the  visitor.  A  medical  staff 
was  organized  of  physicians  who  offered  their  services,  one  of 
whom  acted  as  physician-in-chief.  Committees  were  formed  for 
purchasing  material  and  making  necessary  garments;  others  for 
furnishing  invalid  supplies  and  supervising  the  nurse.  All 
applicants  are  provided  with  the  services  of  a  physician  and  nurse, 
when  desired. 

Outfits  of  infant  clothing  with  comforts  for  the  mother  are 
given  when  needed.  A  chest  committee  sees  that  a  large  supply 
of  maternity  bundles  is  kept  in  readiness  for  the  nurse.  Each 
bundle  contains  thirty-four  articles  necessary  for  mother  and 
infant.  There  are  garments  for  the  use  of  both,  a  toilet  bag  with 
soap,  powder,  and  old  linen,  a  card  with  printed  instructions  on 
the  care  of  the  eyes  and  how  to  feed  and  clothe  babies  properly. 
Through  the  Invalid's  Supply  Shelf,  the  nurse  is  enabled  to 
give  her  patients  tea,  cocoa,  jellies,  groceries,  and  other  nourishing 
food.  A  supply  of  second-hand  bed  linen,  blankets,  gowns,  and 
clothing  is  kept  to  be  given  to  patients  whenever  they  may  be 
needed. 

Tuberculosis  Dispensary,  Department  of  Health,  508  W.  9th 

Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  September  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  give  lectures  on  tuberculosis,  look  after 
the  general  condition  of  the  patients'  homes,  inquire  into  their 
means  of  support,  teach  the  patients  how  to  care  for  themselves 

240 


OHIO 

and  to  guard  their  families  from  infection.  From  June  15  to 
September  15  they  have  charge  of  two  milk  stations.  Milk  and 
eggs  and  other  necessary  things  are  supplied  through  affiliation 
with  various  charitable  organizations. 

Union  Bethel  Settlement,  501  E.  Third  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1904. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  are  responded  to  at  all  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  settlement  has  connected  with  it  a  medical  staff 
of  several  doctors,  a  well-equipped  dispensary,  and  a  large  day 
nursery.  For  certain  hours  of  each  day,  the  nurse  is  in  attendance 
at  the  dispensary.  She  also  examines  the  children  in  the  day 
nursery,  and  visits  patients  in  their  homes.  Tuberculosis  patients 
are  reported  to  the  dispensary  of  the  Department  of  Health. 

University  Settlement  Association,  224  West  Liberty  Street. 
Established  a  visiting  nursing  department  March  1,  1909. 
The  nurses  are  from  the  Christ  Hospital.*    They  attend  the  clinic 
connected  with  this  settlement  and  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes. 

CLEVELAND 
Board  of  Education,  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  in  September,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salaries:  $500  to  $900  per  year  with  uniforms,  bags,  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted.  One  month's 
vacation  with  full  pay  is  given  during  the  year. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  work  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Visiting  Nurse  Association.!  Their  salaries  are  paid  by  the 
Board  of  Education;  they  are  employed  as  teachers,  and  have 
been  placed  on  the  teachers'  salary  schedule,  the  amount  received 
being  based  upon  experience  and  efficiency.     The  nurses  work  in 

*  See  page  239.  f  See  next  page. 

16  241 


OHIO 

the  school  dispensaries,  under  the  district  physicians,  caring  for 
minor  ailments  which  might  otherwise  necessitate  the  children's 
remaining  away  from  school.  They  visit  the  homes,  see  that  the 
physician's  instructions  are  carried  out,  and  that  excluded  children 
return  to  school  at  the  earliest  possible  moment. 

Deaconess  Home,  Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance,  board,  laundry,  and  carfare  fur- 
nished. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  answered  when  required. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuber- 
culous. 

Affiliations:  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Cleveland,  501  St.  Clair  Avenue. 

Established  April  19,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  29. 

Salaries:  $50  first  three  months;  $60  following  nine  months;  $70 
second  year;  $75  third  year;  $80  fourth  year,  and  one  month's 
vacation  with  full  salary  each  year. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Only  very  ill  patients  are  visited  on 
Sunday,  and  one  half  day  each  week  is  given  free  from  duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  conta- 
gious, and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  association  began  its  work  with  a 
staff  of  four  nurses:  one  superintendent,  and  three  assistants  in 
the  districts.  It  was  supported  entirely  by  private  benevolence. 
The  three  district  nurses  had  their  stations  at  three  of  the  settle- 
ments and  became  members  of  the  family  in  each. 

At  present,  all  the  trained  nurses  in  Cleveland  who  are  visit- 
ing in  the  homes  of  the  poor  and  giving  professional  care  or  in- 
struction, are  on  the  staff  of  this  association  and  under  its  super- 
vision. They  participate  in  nearly  all  of  the  charitable  activities 
in  the  city  that  have  to  do  with  the  care  of  the  sick  or  with  the 
instruction  and  help  of  the  needy. 

242 


OHIO 

Ten  nurses  are  assigned  to  districts.  They  have  call  stations 
in  different  parts  of  the  city  at  pharmacies,  settlement  houses, 
etc.  One  nurse  is  a  graduate  of  the  Tuskegee  Training  School 
and  works  among  the  colored  people,  helping  them  in  many  ways 
other  than  professional.  Each  district  has  its  loan  closet  which 
is  kept  well  stocked  with  medical  and  surgical  supplies,  and  bed 
linen  from  the  main  office. 

Four  nurses  are  employed  by  the  Babies'  Dispensary  and  Hos- 
pital, 2500  East  35th  Street.  One  nurse  remains  on  duty  at  the 
dispensary,  and  the  others  visit  in  the  homes.  Careful  records 
of  the  children's  history,  weight,  and  general  physical  condition, 
with  home  conditions  and  sanitation,  financial  circumstances, 
etc.,  are  kept  by  each  nurse,  and  filed  with  the  physician's  report. 
There  is  a  milk  laboratory  where  modified  milk  may  be  obtained; 
or  the  nurse  teaches  the  mother  how  to  prepare  it  at  home. 

Two  nurses  are  engaged  in  the  obstetrical  service,  one  having 
headquarters  at  the  Cleveland  Maternity  Dispensary,  St.  Clair 
Hospital,  4422  St.  Clair  Avenue,  the  other  being  employed  by  the 
Western  Reserve  Maternity  Dispensary,  Lakeside  Hospital. 
These  nurses  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes,  instruct  them  how 
to  prepare  for  maternity,  and  give  nursing  care  after  confinement. 
Later,  the  babies  with  their  mothers  are  turned  over  to  the 
Babies'  Dispensary. 

Four  nurses  who  look  after  tuberculosis  patients  have  their 
headquarters  at  the  Tuberculosis  Dispensary,  Western  Reserve 
Medical  College,  St.  Clair  Avenue  and  East  9th  Street.  These 
nurses  work  under  a  group  of  dispensary  physicians,  and  visit 
the  patients  in  their  homes,  giving  nursing  care  and  detailed  in- 
struction as  to  rest,  fresh  air,  disposal  of  sputum,  etc.  They  also 
report  conditions  found  in  the  homes,  and  bring  other  members 
of  the  families  to  the  dispensary  for  examination. 

Four  nurses  are  supported  by  the  city.  Two  of  them  work  in 
the  schools,  while  two  investigate  and  report  to  the  Board  of 
Health  cases  of  contagious  disease.  The  school  nurses  work  in 
two  school  dispensaries,  and  visit  in  their  homes  the  children 
attending  these  schools. 

One  nurse  is  employed  by  Rainbow  Cottage  for  the  care  of 
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crippled  children.  This  cottage  is  the  convalescent  home  for 
children  who  have  been  discharged  from  Lakeside  Hospital,  or 
who  attend  the  clinics  for  crippled  children.  The  nurse  investi- 
gates the  home  conditions,  sees  that  the  treatment  prescribed  by 
the  physician  is  carried  out,  instructs  the  family  in  the  care 
necessary  for  the  patients,  and  sees  that  braces,  wheel-chairs, 
etc.,  are  procured  when  needed. 

Two  nurses  are  engaged  in  the  summer  to  take  charge  of  fresh 
air  outing  work  in  connection  with  the  Fresh  Air  Camp.  These 
nurses  investigate  the  home  conditions  of  each  candidate  for 
an  outing,  and  see  that  there  is  no  contagious  illness  in  the  family 
or  neighborhood.  They  are  responsible  also  for  the  physical 
condition  and  perfect  cleanliness  of  each  child  before  it  is  sent 
to  the  Fresh  Air  Camp  or  country  home. 

Lakeside  Hospital  employs  a  visiting  nurse  for  its  Social 
Service  department.  She  works  in  connection  with  the  dis- 
pensary and  discharged  ward  patients,  visits  them  in  their  homes, 
gives  nursing  care  when  necessary,  sends  convalescents  to  coun- 
try homes,  refers  families  needing  financial  help  to  the  proper 
authorities,  and  follows  up  cases  until  they  can  be  satisfactorily 
terminated. 

The  Cleveland  Hardware  Company  has  maintained  a  visiting 
nurse  since  November  i,  1907.  She  has  complete  charge  of  the 
factory  dispensary,  and  general  supervision  of  hygienic  condi- 
tions in  all  the  buildings.  Each  department  foreman  sends  the 
name  and  address  of  an  absent  employe  to  the  nurse,  and  she 
visits  the  home,  making  a  report  by  telephone  as  to  the  condi- 
tion found  there.  This  is  done  with  office  employes  also,  on  the 
same  basis  as  with  the  factory  employes.  Full  and  comprehen- 
sive records  are  kept  of  each  person  visited  in  the  home,  these 
records  embracing  a  detailed  account  of  the  various  members  of 
the  family,  general  home  conditions,  etc.  Aid  is  given  through 
the  benefit  association  or  through  existing  agencies  in  the  city,  and 
each  case  is  followed  up  till  all  has  been  done  that  can  be  done. 

One  nurse  is  engaged  at  the  central  office  of  the  association 
to  keep  charge  of  the  nurses'  records,  and  to  relieve  the  superin- 
tendent in  training  new  nurses  in  district  work. 

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All  of  these  nurses  are  on  the  staff  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Asso- 
ciation and  wear  a  common  uniform. 

A  staff  physician  has  recently  been  appointed  who  makes  a 
thorough  physical  examination  of  each  nurse  before  she  is  ac- 
cepted on  the  staff,  and  is  consulted  in  all  cases  of  serious  illness 
among  the  nurses.  Before  a  nurse  is  permitted  to  undertake  the 
tuberculosis  work,  she  is  given  an  additional  examination  by  a 
specialist. 

This  association  publishes  a  Quarterly  Magazine  which  is 
devoted  entirely  to  visiting  nurse  work,  and  to  charities  with 
which  the  visiting  nurse  is  especially  affiliated.  Following  is  a 
list  of  these  affiliated  charities: 

Alta  House 

Babies'  Hospital 

Board  of  Education 

Cleveland  Hardware  Company 

Cripple  School 

Deaconess  Home 

Fresh  Air  Camp 

Goodrich  Social  Settlement 

Hiram  House 

Lakeside  Hospital 

Maternity  Dispensary 

Tuberculosis  Dispensary 

COLUMBUS 
Columbus  Society  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure   of  Tubercu- 
losis, Dispensary,  40  S.  Third  Street. 
Established  January  27,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salaries:  Supervisor,  $75  per  month;  assistant  nurses,  $60. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  City. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Caring  for  tuberculous  patients  was 
started   by  the    District  Nursing  Association    committee.     De- 
cember 5th,  1906,  the  two  societies  separated,  the  Tuberculosis 
245 


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Society  engaging  its  own  nurses.  The  head  nurse  works  under 
the  direction  of  the  medical  director,  has  charge  of  the  dis- 
pensary, and  keeps  records  of  all  dispensary  and  house  patients. 
Sputum  cups  are  furnished  free  to  all  dispensary  patients,  and 
medicines  also  when  prescribed  by  the  dispensary  physicians. 
Milk  and  eggs  are  furnished  to  those  who  are  able  to  attend  the 
clinic. 

The  nurses  visit  all  the  patients  in  their  homes  and  aid  them  in 
carrying  out  preventive  measures.  Bed  patients  are  referred  to 
the  District  Nursing  Association.  The  nurses  make  careful 
inquiry  regarding  sickness  among  other  members  of  the  family, 
and  endeavor  to  send  to  the  dispensary  for  examination  any  that 
may  not  be  in  good  health. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  school  children.  Saturday 
morning  is  the  children's  hour  at  the  dispensary,  and  a  Fresh  Air 
school  is  planned  for  them  in  the  near  future.  This  society  has 
a  Children's  Educational  Committee  in  charge  of  a  nurse. 
During  the  past  year  she  has  interested  1,000  boys  in  the  fight 
against  disease  and  dirt,  through  membership  in  the  Clean  City 
League.  Eight  hundred  and  forty-nine  girls  also  belong  to  it. 
The  boys  and  girls  have  been  formed  into  eight  clubs,  meeting 
in  different  parts  of  the  city.  Lessons  are  given  in  the  care  of  the 
home  and  of  the  body;  ventilation;  simple  home  nursing  lessons ; 
care  of  the  backyard,  and  its  relation  to  disease;  disposal  of 
garbage;  clothing,  and  its  relation  to  good  health;  symptoms  of 
tuberculosis,  and  what  to  do  for  it,  out-door  treatment,  and  what 
everybody  must  do  to  help.  The  society  has  a  summer  camp 
situated  on  land  belonging  to  the  county,  and  patients  are  sent 
there  during  the  day.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  steamer  chairs, 
tents,  cots,  nourishment  of  all  kinds,  and  carfare  are  given  to  all 
who  need  them. 

Instructive  District  Nursing  Association,  78  East  Rich  Street. 
Established  June  15,  1898. 
Number  of  nurses :  Five. 
Salaries:  From  $65  to  $85  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

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Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  An  extra  nurse  is  engaged  to  visit  the  acute  cases  on 
Sundays,  thereby  relieving  the  staff  nurses  for  one  whole  day  in 
the  week.  They  also  have  one  afternoon  free  in  the  middle  of 
the  week.  Emergency  nurses  are  employed  whenever  necessary. 
After-care  only  is  given  in  obstetrical  cases.  Modified  milk  is 
prepared  and  furnished  for  babies.  A  loan  closet  furnishes 
necessary  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

DAYTON 
Flower  and  Fruit  Mission,  205  Monument  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1903. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salaries:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.  and  a  half  holiday  each  week.  Only 
very  ill  patients  are  visited  on  Sunday. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  There  is  a  diet  kitchen  under  the  direction  of  the 
mission,  where  the  nurses  may  secure  broths,  jellies,  and  other 
needed  nourishment;  fresh  eggs,  malted  milk,  etc.  may  also  be 
obtained.  A  loan  closet  supplies  bed  linen,  clothing,  infants' 
outfits,  and  tents  and  complete  camping  outfits  for  tuberculosis 
patients.     There  is  a  Fresh  Air  farm  for  children  and  mothers. 

National  Cash  Register  Co.,  Hygiene  Department. 

Established  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two. 

Salary:  $20  per  week. 

Hours:  During  factory  hours.     Saturday  afternoons  are  usually 

free. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses'  work  among  the  men  is  confined  to 

First  Aid  treatment  in  cases  of  accident  or  serious  illness,  and 

to  the  administering  of  simple  remedies  for  minor  ailments. 

In  the  care  of  the  girls  and  women,  there  are  no  restrictions  what- 
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ever.  The  women  employes  are  at  liberty  at  all  times  to  consult 
the  nurses.  The  latter  make  regular  rounds  through  the  factory, 
meeting  the  girls  and  winning  their  confidence  in  regard  not  only 
to  matters  of  health,  but  to  other  problems  as  well.  A  physician 
visits  the  factory  every  day  for  one  hour,  during  which  time  the 
nurses  consult  him  concerning  patients  for  whom  a  physician's 
advice  is  necessary.  In  case  of  serious  accident  or  sudden  ill- 
ness, the  doctor  is  immediately  summoned  by  telephone. 

An  emergency  room  where  accident  cases  may  be  cared  for,  is 
fully  equipped  with  surgical  appliances  and  dressings.  There 
are  also  three  rest  rooms  in  the  women's  departments.  If  the 
women  are  ill  or  indisposed,  they  are  always  at  liberty  to  go  to 
the  rest  rooms  on  the  company's  time. 

TOLEDO 

Thalian  Tuberculosis  Dispensary,  118  Michigan  Street. 

Established  May  i,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Pulmonary  tuberculosis. 

Affiliation:  Charity  Organization  Society. 

Plan  of  Work :  This  society  is  one  of  the  three  separate  branches  of 
the  Toledo  Visiting  Nurses.  The  tuberculosis  nurses  are  super- 
vised by  the  general  superintendent  and  paid  by  the  Thalian 
Society. 

Toledo  District  Nursing  Association,  Colton  Block,  Madison  and 
Erie  Streets. 

Established  in  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six. 

Salaries:  $60  per  month. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  King's  Daughters  instituted  this 
work,  and  later  it  was  enlarged  by  the  formation  of  a  Visiting 
Nurses'  Aid  Society,  which  added  two  nurses  to  the  staff.  These 
two  societies  now  constitute  the  District  Nurse  Association  of 

248 


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Toledo.  Close  relations  are  maintained  with  the  Charity  Or- 
ganization Society.  A  loan  closet  furnishes  all  necessary  sup- 
plies,— bed  linen,  clothing,  maternity  outfits,  medical  supplies, 
and  delicacies  for  the  patients.  Each  nurse  has  a  monthly  allow- 
ance for  the  purchase  of  milk  and  eggs  or  other  necessaries  at 
her  discretion. 

When  time  permits,  visits  are  made  to  patients  who  are  able 
to  pay  $.50  an  hour.  Each  nurse  is  expected  to  do  her  share  of 
emergency  work,  but  in  special  cases,  extra  nurses  may  be  em- 
ployed for  not  more  than  three  days.  At  the  end  of  this  time 
the  supervising  nurse  reports  the  case  to  the  executive  board  for 
further  action. 

YOUNGSTOWN 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Baldwin  Memorial  Kinder- 
garten. 

Established  in  December,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Four;  a  superintendent  and  three  assistants. 

Salaries:  $75  per  month  for  the  former;  for  the  latter,  $40  for  the 
first  three  months,  and  $50  thereafter. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Only  the  seriously  ill  patients  are  visited 
on  Sundays. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Besides  the  regular  visiting  nursing,  special  summer 
work  is  carried  on  for  sick  babies,  two  extra  nurses  being  taken 
on  the  staff  for  this  purpose.  Milk  is  modified  and  taken  to  the 
homes,  and  careful  instruction  is  given  to  the  mothers. 

Public  school  work  also  has  been  started  by  the  regular  staff 
nurses.  The  principals  notify  them  of  children  needing  atten- 
tion, and  the  nurses  then  take  the  children  to  physicians  for  diag- 
nosis and  treatment.  If  necessary  to  exclude  a  child  from  school, 
it  is  cared  for  and  returned  at  the  earliest  possible  time.  Slight 
local  infections  and  cases  of  eye  and  skin  diseases  are  treated  in 
the  school  by  the  nurse,  under  the  physician's  orders. 


249 


OKLAHOMA,  OREGON 

OKLAHOMA 

OKLAHOMA  CITY 

Department  of  Health,  Corner  Maine  and  Harvey  Streets. 

Established  visiting  nursing  September  25, 1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous  and  contagious. 

Plan  of  Work:  Sputum  cups  are  furnished  by  the  department. 
Rooms  are  disinfected  in  case  of  removal  or  death  of  such  pa- 
tients. Milk  and  eggs  and  other  foods  are  supplied  by  the 
Provident  Association,  which  receives  some  support  from  the 
city. 

OREGON 

PORTLAND 

City  of  Portland  School  Nursing  Department. 

Established  visiting  nursing  October  5,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and  tu- 
berculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  This  nurse  has  forty- five  schools  under  her  care. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  Park  and  Alder  Streets. 

Established  June  1,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salaries:  $50  per  month  for  two  probationary  months,  $60  for  the 
remainder  of  the  first  year,  and  $75  per  month  thereafter. 

Hours:  9:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.  Only  emergency  calls  made  on 
Sunday. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  night  work  and  con- 
tagious cases  when  necessary.     Mothers'  helpers  are  sent  into 

250 


PENNSYLVANIA 

homes  where  the  mothers  are  ill  and  there  are  small  children  to 
be  cared  for. 

Bed  linen  and  nourishment  are  furnished  for  needy  cases. 
Invalid  chairs,  tents,  and  paper  napkins  are  provided  for  tuber- 
culosis patients. 

This  association  was  instrumental  in  having  school  nursing 
introduced  into  the  public  schools. 


PENNSYLVANIA 

ALLEGHENY 
The  Farmington  Society. 

Established  in  December,  1894. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
bercular. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  Society  was  organized  and  is  wholly  supported 
by  graduates  of  the  Farmington  School.  It  has  one  nurse  who 
works  among  the  poor,  principally  those  of  Allegheny.  Small 
fees  are  charged  to  patients  who  are  able  to  pay.  Clothing  and 
other  necessaries  are  donated  by  the  society  when  needed. 
Several  hundred  children  are  given  a  Christmas  treat  each  year, 
•  and  dinners  and  groceries  are  sent  out  to  many  families. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Allegheny  County,  812  Arch 
Street. 

Established  in  January,  1894. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Affiliations:  City,  and  the  Women's  Christian  Associations  of 
Pittsburgh  and  Allegheny. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  association  is  under  the  direction  of  the 

251 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Women's  Christian  Associations  of  Pittsburgh  and  Allegheny. 
Clothing  and  food  are  provided  when  necessary.  The  work  is 
divided  into  two  classes,  public  and  private  nursing.  The 
former  is  the  service  rendered  to  city  patients  and  paid  for  by 
the  city.  The  latter  is  that  given  to  persons  who  apply  directly 
to  the  society  for  a  nurse,  and  pay  the  association  whatever  their 
financial  condition  permits.  The  society  is  maintained  by  the 
city,  private  donations,  and  membership  dues. 

ALLENTOWN 
SeeHarrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

ALTOONA 
SeeHarrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BANGOR 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BEAVER  FALLS 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BELLEFONTE 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BERWICK 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BETHLEHEM 

Moravian  Union  of  King's  Daughters  and  Sons,  24  Church  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  October  1,  1898. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $30  per  month  and  board. 
Hours :  Irregular.     Calls  answered  at  all  times. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  Tuberculous  patients  are  usually  referred  to  the  tu- 
berculosis nurse  of  South  Bethlehem,  who  is  employed  by  the 
State  Department  of  Health. 
History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1888  the  first  circle  of  King's  Daugh- 

252 


rV     Of    TH£ 

UNIVERSITY 

Of 

PENNSYLVANIA 

ters,  called  the  "Silent  Ten,"  was  formed  in  the  Moravian 
Church.  In  1895,  there  were  thirteen  such  circles,  which  then 
united  under  the  name  "  Moravian  Union  of  King's  Daughters 
and  Sons."  From  the  beginning  it  had  been  one  of  their  duties 
to  furnish  the  infirmary  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  to 
provide  and  pay  for  necessary  nursing  of  the  patients  taken  there. 
October  1,  1898,  the  union  engaged  a  nurse  to  minister  perma- 
nently to  all  those  of  the  congregation  who  were  unable  to  pay 
for  such  services,  and  the  trustees  gave  a  small  house  for  the 
nurse's  residence.  This  is  called  the  "King's  Daughters' 
Cottage."  The  entire  support  of  the  nurse  is  borne  by  the 
union.  A  permanent  fund  has  been  started,  which  will  in  time 
cover  her  salary.  If  the  nurse's  time  is  not  fully  occupied  with 
free  patients,  others  of  the  congregation  may  engage  her  at  regu- 
lar rates.  A  large  supply  closet  is  maintained  in  the  cottage,  and 
bed  linen,  blankets,  clothing  and  babies'  outfits  may  be  loaned 
or  given  away,  as  the  case  demands.  Air  cushions,  ice  coils, 
hot-water  bags,  bed-room  refrigerators,  etc.,  are  loaned.  Six 
wheel  chairs  have  been  given,  each  bearing  the  name  of  the  donor. 
Nourishment  and  ice  are  provided  when  necessary. 

BLOOMSBURG 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BRADDOCK 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BRISTOL 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BURKVILLE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

BUTLER 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

CARLISLE 
Carlisle  Visiting  Nursing  Association,  9  N.  Hanover  Street. 
Established  March  16,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

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PENNSYLVANIA 

Salary:  $25  per  month,  a  furnished  room,  and  50  per  cent,  of  the 

fees  received  from  patients. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes  of   cases  cared  for:    Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Affiliations:  City,  and  the  Civic  Club. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  town  pays  the  salary  of  the  nurse,  and  the 

Civic  Club  furnishes  her  room. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

CARNEGIE 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

CHESTER 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

CLARION 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

CLEARFIELD 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

COATESVILLE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

CORRY 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

DANVILLE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

DOYLSTON 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

DRIFTON 

Visiting  Nurse  of  Drifton,  Freeland,  and  Eckley. 
Established  in  1898. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month  and  traveling  expenses. 

254 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  When  necessary,  another  nurse  is  engaged  to  visit 

contagious  patients.     A  philanthropic  woman  pays  all  expenses 

of  this  work. 

DU  BOIS 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

DUSHORE 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

EASTON 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

ECKLEY 
See  Drifton. 

ERIE 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

Woman's  Club,  Philanthropic  Department. 
Organized  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1905. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 
Plan  of  Work:  A  supply  closet  furnishes  bed  linen  and  sick-room 
appliances  which  may  be  loaned  or  given  away.     All  tubercu- 
lous cases  are  referred  to  the  State  Tuberculosis  Dispensary. 

EVERETT 
See  Huntington. 

FRANKFORD 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

FRANKLIN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

255 


PENNSYLVANIA 

FREELAND 
See  Drifton. 

GERMANTOWN 
General  Hospital  of  Germantown. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  16,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  or  ten  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  only  those  patients  who  go  to  the 
hospital  dispensary,  instructs  them  how  to  care  for  themselves 
and  their  families,  and  how  to  avoid  spreading  the  disease.  She 
sees  that  the  patients  carry  out  the  doctor's  orders,  take  the 
proper  diet,  and  live  out  of  doors  as  much  as  possible.  She 
learns  the  financial  conditions  of  the  families,  and  helps  them 
to  obtain  aid  when  needed.  In  many  cases  she  has  interested 
church  societies  in  providing  milk  and  eggs.  All  patients  are 
supplied  with  sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,  and  bags.  The  dis- 
pensary is  held  in  a  tent,  erected  in  a  large  open  lot.  Reclining 
chairs,  blankets,  and  all  necessary  supplies  are  kept  there. 

GETTYSBURG 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

GREENSBURG 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

HANOVER 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

HARRISBURG 

Board  of  School  Directors,  121  Chestnut  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  the  public  schools  in  September, 

1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 

256 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  contagious,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Medical  inspection  was  instituted  with  one  physi- 
cian and  one  nurse.  The  salary  of  the  physician  is  $40  per 
month  for  two  hours'  work  each  day.  The  nurse  gives  her 
entire  time  to  caring  for  the  pupils  in  the  schools,  and  visiting 
in  the  homes. 

The  Harrisburg  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  410  Patriot  Building. 

Established  in  1899;  incorporated,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three;  a  supervising  nurse  and  two  assistants. 

Salaries:  $75  and  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Prior  to  the  organization  of  this  asso- 
ciation, a  philanthropic  woman  supported  a  visiting  nurse  in 
Harrisburg.  The  work  retained  this  individual  character  for 
some  years,  gradually  increasing,  until  three  nurses  were  em- 
ployed. Owing  to  the  larger  demands  made  upon  the  service, 
this  association  was  formed  and  incorporated  in  1908,  and  a 
board  of  managers  undertook  the  direction  of  the  work. 

In  1906,  the  visiting  nurse  was  made  the  agent  of  the  Benevo- 
lent Association;  in  this  capacity  she  was  enabled  to  enter  the 
public  schools  and  bring  to  the  superintendent's  attention  the 
needs  of  the  school  children.  Upon  the  request  of  the  associa- 
tion, the  school  board  granted  permission  to  the  nurses  to  visit 
two  schools,  one  in  Sibletown,  a  poor  quarter,  and  the  other  a 
special  school  for  delinquents.  As  a  result  of  this  work,  public 
school  nursing  has  been  undertaken  by  the  Board  of  Education, 
with  the  nurse  who  first  developed  it  in  charge.  The  nurses 
have  their  office  in  the  building  occupied  by  the  Charity  Organ- 
ization Society,  and  work  in  co-operation  with  that  and  all  other 
agencies  of  relief.  They  also  have  experience  in  probation 
work.  There  is  a  Nurses'  House,  managed  by  the  association, 
in  which  they  live,  paying  $25  a  month  for  their  expenses. 
17  257 


PENNSYLVANIA 

State  Department  of  Health,  202  Locust  Street. 

In  the  General  Appropriations  Act  of  1907,  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania  granted  to  the  State  Department  of  Health,  in 
addition  to  its  regular  budget,  the  sum  of  $400,000,  "  to  establish 
and  maintain,  at  such  places  in  the  state  as  may  be  deemed 
necessary,  dispensaries  for  the  free  treatment  of  indigent  persons 
affected  with  tuberculosis,  for  the  study  of  social  and  occupa- 
tional conditions  that  predispose  to  its  development,  and  for 
continuing  research  experiments  for  the  establishment  of  pos- 
sible immunity  and  cure  of  said  disease."  This  appropriation 
was  to  be  for  two  years.  The  State  Department  of  Health 
began  at  once  to  establish  dispensaries  all  over  the  state,  with 
one  or  more  in  each  county.  The  staff  of  each  dispensary  con- 
sists of  a  chief,  who  is  also  county  medical  inspector,  and  a 
corps  of  assistant  physicians  and  visiting  nurses.  There  are 
also  a  chief  visiting  nurse  and  one  assistant,  who  inspect  the 
work  of  the  staff  nurses. 

July  1,  1909,  there  were  in  state  dispensaries  in  operation,  in 
77  of  which  there  were  91  visiting  nurses.  The  nurses  attend  the 
clinics  and  visit  in  the  homes  to  give  instruction  to  patients  and 
their  families.  Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  when  needed,  and 
other  aid  is  sometimes  furnished.  Each  patient  is  liberally 
supplied  with  sputum  cups. 

In  many  of  the  dispensaries,  tuberculosis  class  methods  have 
been  adopted,  and  day  camps  established.  The  dispensaries 
are  under  the  direct  control  of  Dr.  Samuel  G.  Dixon,  Com- 
missioner of  Health. 

Following  is  a  list  of  the  dispensaries  having  visiting  nurses, 
their  addresses,  and  other  data: 

Allentown,  Lehigh  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  51,  719  Linden  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  i,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One,  who  is  also  a  physician. 

Altoona,  Blair  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  14,  17 16  Union  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

258 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Bangor,  Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  87. 

Established  visiting  nursing  December  7,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Beaver  Falls,  Beaver  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  103. 

Nurse  from  Rochester  visits  these  patients. 

Bellefonte,  Center  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  15,  129  E.  Diamond  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  5,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Berwick,  Columbia  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 

Dispensary  No.  16,  108  West  2nd  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Bloomsburg,  Montour  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  93. 

Nurse  from  Berwick  visits  these  patients. 

Braddock,  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  101,  812  Braddock  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  3,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Bristol,  Buck's  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  82,  Lawrence  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Brookville,  Jefferson  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  102,  205  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Butler,  Butler  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  15. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Carlisle,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  4,  511  East  High  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  25,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  As  required. 

The  salary  of  this  nurse  is  paid  by  the  town,  and  her  time  is  shared 
with  the  Carlisle  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

259 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Carnegie,  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  83,  4th  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Chester,  Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.   12,  516  Market  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  12,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Clarion,    Clarion    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of   Health, 
Dispensary  No.  43. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  21,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  the  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Clearfield,  Clearfield  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  62,  237  E.  Market  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Coatesville,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  75,  307  Chestnut  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Corry,  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dispen- 
sary No.  99,  45  North  Center  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  4,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Danville,  Montour  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  28. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Doylestown,  Bucks  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  23. 

Nurse  from  Bristol  visits  these  patients. 

Du  Bois,  Clearfield  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  95,  244  South  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Dushore,  Sullivan  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  59,  Kline's  Opera  House. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

260 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Easton,  Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  52,  207  Ferry  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Erie,  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dispensary 

No.  3,  510  State  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Everett.    See  Huntington. 

Frankford,    Philadelphia    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  107,  1731  Orthodox  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  10,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Franklin,  Venango  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  72,  1115  Elk  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  10,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Gettysburg,  Adams  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  60. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Greensburg,  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  57,  Coulter  Bldg. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Hanover,  York  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  86,  328  Franklin  Street. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Harrisburg,  Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  13,  202  Locust  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  28,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Hastings,  Cambria  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  69,  Fourth  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  26,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

261 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Hazelton,  Luzerne  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  68,  Associated  Charities  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  18,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

The  nurse's  district  includes  Everett. 

Homestead,  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  100,  318  Eighth  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  13,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Huntington  and  Everett,  Huntington  County,  Pennsylvania  De- 
partment of  Health,  Dispensary  No.  47. 

Established  visiting  nursing  July  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  ' 

Johnstown,  Cambria  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  9,  440  Lincoln  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Lancaster,  Lancaster  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  39,  22$  East  Orange  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Lebanon,  Lebanon  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  5. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Lewiston,   Mifflin  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  10. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  Irregular;  as  required. 

Lock  Haven,  Clinton  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  46. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  14,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  As  required. 

Lykens,   Dauphin  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  78,  262  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

262  ( 


PENNSYLVANIA 

McKeesport,  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  81,  412  Grand  Street. 
Established  November  18,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Meadville,  Crawford  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  41. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  13,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  As  required. 

The  salary  of  this  nurse  is  given  by  two  philanthropic  residents  of 
Meadville.  The  nurse  visits  the  patients  of  the  Instructive 
Visiting  Nurse  Association  and  gives  as  much  time  as  may  be 
necessary  to  the  tuberculous  patients. 

Mercer,  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  61,  419^  East  State  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  18,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  As  required. 

Meyersdale,  Somerset  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  30. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Mifflintown,  Juniata  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  26. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours :  As  required. 

Monessen,   Westmoreland  County,   Pennsylvania   Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  88,  People's  National  Bank  Building. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Monongahela,  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  55,  127  South  Main  Street. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Montrose,    Susquehanna    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  49,  Chestnut  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  9,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Mt.  Carmel,  Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  71,  Syndicate  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  14,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

263 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Mt.  Pleasant,  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  77,  Braddock  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

New  Castle,  Lawrence  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  35,  20  E.  North  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  As  required. 

Norristown,    Montgomery    County,    Pennsylvania    Department   of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  31,  Bean  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Oil  City,  Venango  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  32,  First  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Philadelphia,    Pennsylvania    Department    of    Health,    Dispensary 
No.  21,  12  South  17th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  12,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  Four. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Philipsburg,  Center  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  80,  Potter  Arcade. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  5,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Phoenixville,  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  76,  Church  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  12,  1909. 

Pittsburgh,  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  20,  412  Grand  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Five. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

In  addition  to  medical  care  this  dispensary  provides  extra  nourish- 
ment for  those  patients  who  cannot  afford  to  buy  it  for  themselves. 

Pittston,  Luzerne    County,  Pennsylvania    Department   of   Health, 
Dispensary  No.  94,  80  North  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  February  I,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

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Pottstown,    Montgomery    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  106,  304  York  Road. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  19,  1909. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Pottsville,  Schuylkill  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  66,  115  So.  Centre  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Punxsutawney,    Jefferson    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  64,  Weber  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Reading,  Berks  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  37. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  15,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One;  a  Bellevue  graduate  who  is  also  a  physician. 

Salary :  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Ridgway,  Elk  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  42. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Rochester,  Beaver  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  22,  Rochester  Trust  Company  Building. 
Established  visiting  nursing  July  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Scranton,    Lackawanna    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  40. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  25,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Shamokin,  Northumberland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  53. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Sharon,  Mercer  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  36. 

Established  visiting  nursing,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 

Shenandoah,    Schuylkill    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  85,  31  South  Jardan  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  Febritlry  2,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

265 


PENNSYLVANIA 


South  Bethlehem,  Northampton  County,  Pennsylvania  Department 
of  Health,  Dispensary  No.  98,  6  West  4th  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Stroudsburg,  Monroe  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  65. 

Established  visiting  nursing  April  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One,  who  is  also  a  physician. 
Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 

Tyrone,  Blair  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health,  Dis- 
pensary No.  79. 

The  nurse  from  Bellefonte  visits  these  patients.  . 

Uniontown,  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health, 
Dispensary  No.  67,  57  West  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  June  20,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Washington,   Washington   County,   Pennsylvania   Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  105,  127  South  Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  17,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Hours :  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

West    Chester,    Chester    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  6. 

Established  visiting  nursing  December  5,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Paid  according  to  number  of  visits  made. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

West  Fairview,  Cumberland  County,  Pennsylvania  Department  of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  96. 

The  nurse  from  Carlisle  visits  these  patients. 

Wilkes-Barre,    Luzerne    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  1,  239  South  Washington  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  July  22,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  Three. 

Williamsport,    Lycoming    County,    Pennsylvania    Department    of 
Health,  Dispensary  No.  33,  242  Pine  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

York,  York  County,   Pennsylvania   Department  of  Health,   Dis- 
pensary No.  2,  25  North  Duke  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  November  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

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PENNSYLVANIA 

HASTINGS 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

HAZELTON 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

HOMESTEAD 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

HUNTINGTON 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

JOHNSTOWN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

LANCASTER 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

LEBANON 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

LEWISTON 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

LOCK  HAVEN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

LYKENS 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

McKEESPORT 
McKeesport  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  August,  1899. 

Number  of  pupils:  Two  senior  pupils  at  a  time  have  this  service. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  accompany  the  doctors  for  the  confine- 
ment, and  make  three  subsequent  visits  to  the  mother  and 
child. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

267 


PENNSYLVANIA 

MEADVILLE 
The  Meadville  Visiting  Nurse,  553  East  Arch  Street 

Established  January  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  made  possible  through  the  interest 
of  two  philanthropic  women.  The  nurse  has  bed  linen,  cloth- 
ing, and  sick-room  appliances,  which  she  may  loan,  donate  or 
rent.     She  also  furnishes  antiseptic  dressings. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

MERCER 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MEYERSDALE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MIFFLINTOWN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MONESSEN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MONONGAHELA 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MONTROSE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MT.  CARMEL 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

MT.  PLEASANT 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

268 


PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  CASTLE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

NORRISTOWN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

OAKMONT 

Oakmont  District  Nursing  Association. 

Established  in  1901. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse's  territory  also  includes  Verona.  She 
has  bed  linen  and  clothing  to  give  or  loan  to  her  patients  as  the 
case  demands,  and  supplies  nourishment  for  very  ill  people 

OIL   CITY 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

PHILADELPHIA 
Board  of  Public  Education,  Department  of  School  Nursing. 

Randall  School  Annex,  Bainbridge  Street  above  Ninth. 

Started  experimentally  by  the  Visiting  Nurse  Society  November  2, 
1903. 

Established  by  the  city  in  January,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Six. 

Salary:  Superintendent,  $75  per  month;  assistants,  $62.50  per 
month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Saturdays  9  a.  m.  to  12  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical  and  medical;  contagious  and 
tuberculous  cases  are  referred  to  proper  authorities. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  November  2,  1903,  the  Visiting  Nurse 
Society  received  permission  to  start  school  nursing  as  an  experi- 
ment, and  the  full  time  of  one  nurse  was  given  for  four  years. 
During  the  last  three  months,  the  society  maintained  four  nurses 

269 


PENNSYLVANIA 

in  the  schools.     The  city  then  took  the  matter  up  and  appro- 
priated sufficient  money  to  maintain  six  nurses. 

The  nurses  assist  the  physicians  in  their  examinations  of  the 
pupils  in  the  schools,  carry  out  the  treatment  ordered,  and  visit 
the  homes  to  give  instruction  and  explain  the  physicians'  recom- 
mendations. In  urgent  cases  the  nurses  may  carry  out  pre- 
scribed treatment  in  the  homes.  They  accompany  the  children 
to  dispensaries  and  to  specialists.  The  city  has  made  an  appro- 
priation for  eyeglasses,  and  several  of  the  leading  opticians 
offer  to  supply  pupils  at  very  low  rates.  The  nurses  see  that  all 
children  who  need  glasses  have  them  properly  fitted. 

Gimbel  Brothers,  Market,  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets. 

Established  a  Social  Service  Department  December  6,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  well-equipped  emergency  hospital  is  main- 
tained in  the  store  for  employes  or  patrons  who  are  taken  ill, 
and  a  physician  is  always  on  call.  There  is  a  mutual  aid  society 
which  pays  the  usual  sick  and  death  benefits,  and  provides 
special  nurses  when  necessary;  also  clothing,  provisions,  rent, 
coal,  delicacies  for  the  sick,  milk  and  eggs,  medical  attention, 
and  board  in  the  country  for  two  or  more  weeks  at  a  time,  etc. 
In  all  cases  where  such  help  is  needed,  the  nurse  recommends 
what  action  shall  be  taken. 

Jewish  Maternity  Association,  532  Spruce  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1897. 

Number  of  nurses:  One — pupil. 

Hours:  Eleven  hours. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Obstetrical. 

Affiliations:  The  Jewish  Charities. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  supplies  necessary  for  the  comfort  of  the  pa- 
tients are  furnished;  also  clothing  for  mothers  and  infants. 
Nourishment  is  given  when  necessary. 

270 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

Philadelphia  Deaconess'  Home,  611  Vine  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  June,  1899. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Deaconess'  allowance,  and  all  expenses. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Bed  linen  is  supplied  when  necessary,  and  some- 
times sick  diet  is  furnished. 

The  Philadelphia  Dispensary,  127  South  5th  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1884. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $40  per  month. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     No  night  calls  are  made. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Largely  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  all  patients  once  or  twice  before 
confinement  to  teach  the  mother  how  to  care  for  herself  and  how 
to  prepare  for  labor.  After  delivery,  nursing  visits  are  made 
for  nine  days,  or  longer  if  necessary.  The  nurse  also  prepares 
for  minor  gynecological  operations  that  may  be  performed  in 
the  homes  by  the  dispensary  physician,  and  attends  such  patients 
daily  as  long  as  her  care  is  needed. 

The  Henry  Phipps  Institute,  238  Pine  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1903. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  pupil  nurses  who  are  trained  in  the  institute 
are  those  who  have  had  tuberculosis  and  have  become  cured  of 
the  disease.  At  the  end  of  the  two-year  course,  they  are  given 
certificates  from  the  directors  of  the  institute  which  testify  to 
their  ability  to  nurse  patients  suffering  from  tuberculosis,  and 
they  receive  appointments  to  positions  in  sanatoria,  and  other 
places  where  tuberculosis  work  is  being  done.    Two  pupils  at  a 

271 


PENNSYLVANIA 

time  are  on  the  visiting  nursing  staff.  The  patients  visited  are 
those  who  go  to  the  dispensary  for  treatment.  Sputum  cups, 
paper  napkins,  and  bags  are  supplied;  milk  is  furnished  daily. 
In  the  southern  district  it  is  given  out  directly  from  the  insti- 
tute; in  the  northern,  southeastern  and  western  districts,  milk- 
men deliver  it  at  the  patients'  homes. 

Presbyterian  Hospital,  Tuberculosis  Class,  39th  Street  and 
Powelton  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  on  November  11,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  About  eight.     Some  visits  are  made  in  the  evening. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Through  the  interest  and  support  of  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Society  of  this  hospital,  a  nurse  is  engaged  to  care  for  the 
patients  of  the  tuberculosis  class.  This  work  is  largely  with 
ambulatory  cases,  and  it  is  instructive  rather  than  purely  pro- 
fessional, as  many  of  the  patients  are  at  work  away  from  home 
during  the  day,  or  do  light  work  at  home.  The  nurse  arranges 
proper  sleeping  quarters  for  them,  and  sees  that  they  have  places 
for  taking  the  rest  cure  out  of  doors.  She  procures  adequate 
clothing  when  necessary,  gives  instructions  in  regard  to  the 
disposal  of  sputum,  and  inspects  the  sanitary  conditions  of  the 
homes.  Sputum  cups,  paper  bags,  and  napkins  are  supplied. 
Nourishment  and  clothing  are  obtained  through  other  agencies. 
When  proper  home  treatment  is  not  possible  for  the  incipient 
cases,  they  are  sent  to  sanatoria.  No  fees  are  charged  for  the 
nurse's  visits. 

St.  Martha's  House,  2029  S.  Eighth  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  February,  1903. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $25  per  month,  with  board  and  laundry. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

272 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Affiliations:  St.  Martha's  House  is  a  church  settlement  affiliated 
with  the  Episcopal  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  No  night  calls  are  accepted.  When  her  profes- 
sional duties  permit,  the  nurse  takes  part  in  the  social  activi- 
ties of  the  house.  She  has  a  daily  supply  of  Pasteurized  milk 
which  she  sells  to  her  patients  at  cost,  or  gives  at  her  discretion 
to  mothers  who  are  unable  to  buy  it.  She  has  also  a  loan  closet 
with  supplies  of  old  linen,  bedding,  clothing,  sick-room  appliances, 
and  other  useful  articles  for  the  comfort  of  the  sick. 

St.  Stephen's  Church  Tuberculosis  Class,  9  South  10th  Street. 
This  class  was  started  February  11,  1908,  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis,  and  the  Visiting 
Nurse  Society,  in  co-operation  with  St.  Stephen's  Church.  The 
tuberculosis  nurse  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Society  attends  to  the 
patients  connected  with  the  class. 

Starr  Center  Association,  725  Lombard  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  December,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m.;  Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Medical,  contagious,  and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  organized  by  the  Visit- 
ing Nurse  Society,  but  in  October,  1908,  the  society's  nurse  was 
withdrawn,  and  the  service  is  now  under  the  control  of  the 
Starr  Center.  The  greater  part  of  the  nurse's  work  is  to  care 
for  the  babies  who  are  supplied  with  milk  from  the  milk  depots. 

The   Visiting  Nurse   Society   of  Philadelphia,    1340   Lombard 
Street. 

Established  in  February,  1886. 

Number  of  nurses:  19;  one  a  senior  pupil. 

Salary:  $55  first  two  years;  $60  thereafter. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  7  p.  m. 

Classes   of   cases   cared   for:  Surgical,    medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 

18  273 


PENNSYLVANIA 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  is  one  of  the  oldest  visiting  nursing 
societies  in  America.  It  was  organized  in  the  same  year  as  the 
Boston  Instructive  District  Nursing  Association.*  Eight  of 
the  nurses  are  assigned  to  districts  near  the  central  office;  three 
nurses  and  the  pupil  are  in  the  Manayunk  Branch,  two  are  in 
the  Kensington  District,  and  one  is  at  West  Philadelphia. 

Special  tuberculosis  work  was  started  August  i,  1907,  and 
two  nurses  are  in  charge.  Both  incipient  and  advanced  cases 
are  cared  for.  The  nurses  teach  preventive  measures  to  pa- 
tients and  families,  and  give  nursing  care  to  bed  patients.  Nour- 
ishment, groceries,  and  coal  are  supplied  when  needed.  Efforts 
are  made  to  induce  patients  to  go  to  hospitals  or  sanatoria. 
Out-door  treatment  is  insisted  upon  for  those  who  cannot 
leave  home.  Roofs,  fire-escapes,  balconies,  and  porches  are 
used  for  this  purpose.  Tents  are  put  up  in  back  yards,  and 
steamer  chairs  are  loaned.  Sputum  cups,  paper  bags,  and 
napkins  are  provided  for  all  patients. 

In  February,  1908,  the  society  was  asked  to  co-operate  with 
St.  Stephen's  Church  in  forming  a  class  for  the  instruction  of 
tuberculosis  patients.  The  class  was  established  and  has  been 
most  successful. 

Special  obstetrical  work  is  carried  on  in  connection  with  St. 
Timothy's  Hospital.  Senior  pupil  nurses  are  given  two  months 
of  this  service  under  supervision  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Society. 
Special  nurses  are  engaged  for  the  care  of  critical  cases  at  night. 

This  society  successfully  demonstrated  the  need  of  public 
school  nursing,  and  gave  the  services  of  one  nurse  for  four 
years,  from  November  2,  1903,  to  December,  1907.  The  last 
three  months  of  this  time  it  maintained  four  nurses  in  the 
schools,  withdrawing  them  only  when  the  city  took  up  the  work 
and  placed  six  nurses  in  the  schools. 

In  summer,  the  Visiting  Nurse  Society  undertakes  Fresh  Air 
and  vacation  work;  babies,  children,  and  mothers  are  sent  to 
the  country,  seashore,  and  convalescent  homes.  Free  ice  is 
furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Health,  and  the  Needle  Work  Guild 
of  America  provides  clothing  and  bed  linen  for  the  loan  closets. 
*  See  page  103, 

274 


PENNSYLVANIA 

The  addresses  of  the  various  branch  offices  are: 

1340  Lombard  St.,  Central  office,  McNeil's  Drug  Store,  Front  & 

York  Sts. 
Kensington  Branch,  476  Martin  St. 
Roxborough,  Manayunk,  and  Germantown  Branch,  Jenks'  Drug 

Store,  Cor.  Market  and  Preston  Sts.,  West  Philadelphia. 

PITTSBURGH 
Bureau  of  Health. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  14,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Five. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  4  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  was  first  appointed  for  the 
purpose  of  visiting  indigent  patients  who  attended  the  tuber- 
culosis dispensary.  In  March,  1909,  a  city  ordinance  was 
passed  providing  for  the  creation  of  a  tuberculosis  commission 
with  five  nurses.  The  commission  was  organized  in  order  to 
correlate  the  tuberculosis  work  of  the  various  organizations  of 
the  city,  including  the  Bureau  of  Health,  the  Tuberculosis 
League,  and  the  State  Dispensary.  These  three  organizations 
employ  twelve  visiting  nurses,  who  devote  their  entire  time  to 
tuberculosis  work.  Through  the  commission,  they  are  assigned 
certain  districts,  thus  avoiding  duplication  of  work.  An  appro- 
priation has  been  made  for  the  appointment  of  six  summer 
nurses  also.  Their  work  will  be  confined  chiefly  to  the  care  of 
babies,  instructing  the  mothers  in  regard  to  feeding  their  chil- 
dren, and  in  spreading  a  pure  milk  propaganda. 

Calvary  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,*  6026  Station  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  July  1,  1902. 
Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Columbian  School  and  Settlement,  1835  Centre  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  April,  1902. 

*  This  church  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 
275 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Number  of  nurses:  Three;  one  a  pupil. 

Salaries:  Head  nurse,  $75  per  month  and  carfare;  assistant,  $60 
per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  one  half  day  each  week,  and  every 
other  Sunday  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  organized  by  the  Pitts- 
burgh section  of  the  Council  of  Jewish  Women.  All  tubercu- 
losis patients  are  referred  to  the  League  for  the  Prevention  of 
Tuberculosis.  Patients  needing  material  relief  are  referred  to 
the  proper  agencies.  No  money  is  given,  but  nourishment  and 
delicacies  are  furnished.  Clothing  and  bed  linen  may  be  loaned 
or  given  to  needy  patients. 

A  fee  of  $.10  or  $.15  is  charged  for  the  nurse's  services  if  the  family 
can  pay.  Patients  unable  to  secure  a  physician  are  recom- 
mended to  one  of  several  who  have  volunteered  their  services  for 
such  cases. 

East  End  Visiting  Nurse's  Aid  Association,  318  Denniston 
Avenue. 

Established  in  the  spring  of  1895. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Untrained  assistants  are  employed  to  remain  with 
patients  when  necessary,  and  to  carry  out  the  nurse's  direc- 
tions during  her  absence.  Bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room 
appliances  are  kept  on  hand. 

First  Presbyterian  Church,  Sixth  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  December  1,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     In  cases  of  extreme  illness  the  nurse 


remains  all  night. 


276 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  chiefly  for  people  belonging  to  the 
church,  but  patients  who  are  not  members  of  the  parish  are 
visited  also.  The  church  has  an  endowed  bed  in  the  General 
Hospital  where  free  patients  may  be  sent.  It  maintains  in  the 
country  a  Convalescent  Home  for  children.  This  is  open 
during  June,  July,  and  August,  and  is  superintended  by  the 
nurse,  who  selects  the  children  to  be  sent,  arranges  for  their 
transportation,  etc.  A  fund  for  medicines,  milk  and  eggs  is  at 
her  disposal.  Bed  linen,  babies'  clothing,  etc.,  may  be  loaned 
or  given  away. 

Fruit  and  Flower  Mission,  43  Federal  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  May  1,  1898. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  mission  was  started  many  years 
ago.  The  object  was  "to  provide  a  nurse,  food,  clothing  and 
delicacies  for  the  sick,  to  visit  the  hospitals,  and  to  do  a  neigh- 
borly work  among  the  poor."  The  nurse  answers  calls  from  all 
parts  of  the  city.  She  provides  medicines,  bandages,  food, 
clothing,  and  coal. 

Kingsley  House  Association,  3  Fulton  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  June  1,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  under  the  direction  of  physicians  and  is 
carried  on  in  co-operation  with  the  Board  of  Health.  The  nurse 
has  a  well-equipped  dispensary  at  Kingsley  House,  where  she 

277 


PENNSYLVANIA 

has  office  hours  every  day  from  3  to  5  p.  m.  A  part  of  her 
time  is  given  daily  to  the  public  schools  in  the  neighborhood, 
for  the  care  of  the  children  in  attendance  there.  She  has  sup- 
plies of  bed  linen  and  clothing,  and  gives  nourishment  when 
necessary. 

McCreery  and  Company,  Wood  Street  and  Sixth  Avenue. 

This  department  store  has  had  a  trained  nurse  in  its  employ  since 
September  1,  1904.  It  employs  also  a  social  secretary  for 
welfare  work. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Plan  of  Work:  Emergency  cases  only  are  cared  for  by  the  nurse. 
Hospital  rooms  for  employes  and  for  patrons  are  maintained, 
where  cases  of  accident  or  sudden  illness  are  taken,  and  where, 
if  necessary,  they  may  remain  even  for  several  weeks.  In  such 
cases  a  second  nurse  is  engaged  to  care  for  the  patient.  A  list 
is  kept  of  the  absent  employes,  and  these  are  visited  by  the  social 
secretary.  It  is  one  of  her  duties  to  render  any  needed  assist- 
ance, financial .  or  otherwise,  and  to  provide  needed  comforts 
for  the  sick  room. 

Methodist  Episcopal  Deaconess  Home,  2000  Fifth  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  by  the  trained  deaconess-nurses  in 
October,  1890. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  Customary  deaconess'  allowance. 

Hours:  Whenever  called. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Nourishing  food,  and  clothing  both  old  and  new,  are 
given  when  necessary. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

School  Nursing. 

The  resident  nurse  of  Kingsley  House  visits  the  Public  Schools 
which  are  located  in  the  neighborhood.  She  works  in  co-opera- 
tion with  the  examining  physicians,  teachers,  and  the  Board  pf 

278 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Health.     Simple  treatment  is  given  in  the  schools  and  visits  are 
made  in  the  homes. 

Soho  Baths  Settlement  House,  2404  Fifth  Ave. 
Established  January  1,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $30  per  month. 
Hours:  Four  daily.     No  work  on  Sunday. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Tuberculosis  League  of  Pittsburg,  2851  Bedford  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  April,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two;  one  a  pupil. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  7:30  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  first  nurse  was  supported  by  the 
city.  She  visited  and  instructed  all  cases  reported  to  the  city 
authorities,  as  well  as  those  attending  the  Pittsburg  Sanatorium 
clinics.  In  May,  1908,  she  was  transferred  by  the  Board  of 
Health  to  another  department  to  look  after  sick  babies,  and  the 
League  has  since  then  supported  its  own  nurses.  At  present 
there  is  a  graduate  assisted  by  one  pupil  from  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Hospital.  One  visits  in  the  mornings,  attends  the 
dispensary  clinics  in  the  afternoons,  and  looks  after  the  welfare 
of  discharged  patients.  The  other  spends  all  her  time  in  home 
visits.  The  nurses  distribute  sputum  cups  and  paper  napkins, 
and  have  a  fund  from  which  needy  patients  are  supplied  with 
milk  and  eggs. 

Woods  Run  Industrial  House. 

Established  visiting  nursing  December  21,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $60  per  month,  room  and  board. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

279 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  a  resident  of  the  settlement,  and  she 
visits  the  sick  in  their  homes.  A  medical  dispensary  is  open 
on  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday  from  10  a.  m.  to  n  a.  m. 
A  competent  physician  and  the  nurse  are  in  charge.  On  Satur- 
day afternoons  a  tuberculosis  clinic  is  held  in  the  dispensary 
from  2  to  4. 

PITTSTON 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

POTTSTOWN 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

POTTSVILLE 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

PUNXSUTAWNEY 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

READING 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

RIDGEWAY 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

ROCHESTER 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

SCRANTON 
Associated  Charities,  Visiting  Nurse    Department,  334  North 
Washington  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  April  1,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses:  Three;  two  are  senior  pupils. 
Salary:  $65  per  month  for  the  supervisor. 
Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  5  ^0  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

280 


PENNSYLVANIA 

History  and  Plan  of  Work :  Visiting  nursing  was  started  in  Scran  ton 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Hahneman  Hospital  in  1901  the  salary 
of  a  graduate  nurse  being  paid  by  a  philanthropic  resident. 
In  April,  1909,  the  general  direction  of  the  work  was  assumed 
by  the  Associated  Charities,  the  financial  support  remaining 
the  same.  The  senior  pupils  from  the  Hahneman  and  State 
hospitals  receive  a  month's  training  in  the  districts,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  graduate  nurse.  Bed  linen,  clothing, 
sick-room  appliances,  surgical  supplies,  and  special  nourishment 
are  furnished  by  the  twelve  churches  of  the  city,  each  church 
having  charge  of  the  supply  basket  one  month  during  the  year. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

SEWICKLY 

Woman's  Club,  Philanthropic  Department. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1899. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Church  societies  and  needlework  guilds. 

Plan  of  Work:  Obstetrical  calls  are  always  answered  at  night.  It 
is  optional  with  the  nurse  whether  she  shall  attend  other  cases 
after  6  p.  m.  All  fees  received  for  night  duty  are  turned  over 
to  the  nurse  as  extra  salary.  When  she  is  not  busy  with  charity 
work  she  takes  cases  at  $.50  an  hour,  and  uses  these  fees 
for  medical  supplies,  nourishment,  etc.  for  those  who  cannot 
procure  them  for  themselves.  Supplies  of  bed  linen,  blankets, 
nightgowns,  and  warm  underwear,  are  donated  by  the  churches 
and  needlework  guilds.  These  may  be  loaned  or  given  away 
as  the  case  demands.  Every  winter  the  churches  and  clubs 
contribute  an  emergency  fund  to  buy  coal  and  provisions  for 
destitute  patients. 

SHAMOKIN 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

281 


PENNSYLVANIA 

SHARON 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

SHENANDOAH 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

SOUTH  BETHLEHEM 
Church  of  the  Nativity,  Parish  House. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1897. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary :  $60  per  month,  with  room  in  the  Parish  House. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  1897,  a  graduate  nurse  from  St. 
Luke's  Hospital,  South  Bethlehem,  started  visiting  nursing  work 
among  the  poor  people  of  the  parish,  and  induced  other  nurses  to 
serve  for  one  or  two  months  after  graduation,  for  the  sake  of  the 
experience.  A  permanent  nurse  is  now  in  charge  of  the  work, 
which  is  supported  and  directed  by  the  Episcopal  Church.  The 
work  is  non-sectarian,  and  a  large  foreign  population  in  the  town 
brings  many  calls  from  people  of  other  parishes.  Emergency 
calls  are  answered  at  night. 

With  but  few  exceptions,  the  patients  pay  a  fee  of  $.10  an  hour 
for  general  nursing,  $.25  for  an  obstetrical  case,  and  $1.00  for 
all-night  service.  If  the  nurse  has  time  to  answer  calls  from 
well-to-do  patients,  regular  prices  are  charged.  There  is  in  the 
Parish  House,  a  supply  closet  which  furnishes  sick-room  appli- 
ances. All  necessary  clothing  is  distributed  by  the  parish  visi- 
tor. The  nurse  pays  especial  attention  to  the  instruction  of 
mothers  in  the  care  and  proper  feeding  of  children. 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

STROUDSBURG 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

282 


PENNSYLVANIA 

TYRONE 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

UNIONTOWN 
See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

VERONA 
See  Oakmont. 

WASHINGTON 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

WEST  CHESTER 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health 

WEST  FAIRVIEW 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

WILKES-BARRE 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  Wilkes-Barre,  15  W.  North- 
ampton Street. 

Established  November  2nd,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.     Only  very  ill  patients  visited  on  Sunday. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  accepted  from  all  sources.  Office  hours 
are  held  daily  from  8  to  9  a.  m.  and  1  to  2  p.  m.  A  small  fee 
is  charged  for  each  visit,  the  amount  being  left  to  the  discretion 
of  the  nurse.  Dressings  are  charged  for  at  cost.  A  loan  closet 
is  fully  equipped  with  all  necessary  supplies.  Milk  and  eggs 
may  be  furnished  by  the  Associated  Charities  for  very  needy 
patients.  The  nurse  gives  weekly  talks  on  home  nursing  to 
young  women's  clubs.  She  also  gives  talks  to  the  various  relief 
associations  connected  with  the  large  factories  in  Wilkes-Barre. 

283 


PENNSYLVANIA 

The  Wyoming  Valley  Society  for  the  Prevention  and  Treatment 
of  Tuberculosis,  56  South  Pennsylvania  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  July  13,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  State  Department  of  Health. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  society  was  organized  with  the 
view  of  caring  for  the  poor  consumptives  of  this  valley.  A  dis- 
pensary was  opened  at  173  South  Main  Street,  and  a  visiting 
nurse  was  engaged.  The  dispensary  was  in  constant  operation 
until  it  was  taken  over  by  the  State  Department  of  Health  July 
22,  1907,  and  became  the  State  Dispensary  No.  1. 

The  Wyoming  Valley  Society  continues  in  existence,  and  works 
in  co-operation  with  the  State  Department  of  Health.  It 
furnishes  cots,  blankets,  tents,  reclining  chairs,  attendants,  etc., 
and  pays  the  fares  of  destitute  patients  going  to  the  State  Sana- 
torium at  Mont  Alto.  In  the  summer  a  milk  station  is  main- 
tained for  pasteurizing  and  modifying  milk  for  babies.  The 
nurse  visits  in  the  patients'  homes  scattered  all  over  the  valley, 
teaches  them  how  to  care  for  themselves  and  prevent  further 
contagion  in  their  families,  reports  all  urgent  cases  to  one  of  the 
physicians  of  the  society,  and  sends  patients  to  sanatoria. 

WILKINSBURG 

Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  616  Penn  Avenue. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  11,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  con- 
tagious, and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Sputum  cups,  paper  napkins,r£nourishment  and 
clothing  are  supplied  when  necessary. 

WILLIAMSPORT 

See  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health. 

284 


RHODE  ISLAND 

YORK 

Pennsylvania  Department  of  Health.    See  Harrisburg. 

The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  338  West  Market  Street. 

Established  January  8,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  first  month;  $60  thereafter. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.  Sundays  and  £  day  each  week  free 
from  duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  association  is  the  outgrowth  of 
a  sewing  club,  the  members  of  which  made  garments  for  the 
patients  in  the  maternity  ward  of  York  Hospital.  A  supply 
closet  is  maintained  furnishing  bed  linen,  blankets,  gowns, 
sick-room  appliances,  and  nourishment. 

RHODE  ISLAND 
ANTHONY 
ARCTIC 
ARKWRIGHT 
CENTERVILLE 
CLYDE 
CROMPTON 
FISKEVILLE 
HARRIS 

HOPE 

Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  the  Pawtuxet  Valley. 

Established  December  28,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;   Sundays  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  Pawtuxet  Valley  is  made  up  of  a  number  of 
small  manufacturing  villages:  Hope,  Jackson,  Fiskeville,  Ark- 
wright,  Harris,  Phenix,  Clyde,  Crompton,  Anthony,  Wippctt, 

285 


See  Hope. 


RHODE  ISLAND 

Riverpoint,  Arctic,  Quidnick,  Washington,  and  Centerville.  The 
population  is  largely  employed  in  the  mills,  and  the  patients  are 
usually  able  to  pay  the  nurse's  fees.  The  nurses'  work  has  had  a 
phenomenally  rapid  growth.  Three  weeks  after  the  first  nurse 
began  her  duties,  the  demand  was  so  great  that  a  second  nurse 
was  engaged.  Four  months  later  a  third  nurse  was  needed  to 
specialize  on  tubercular  cases,  as  33  per  cent,  of  all  the  patients 
belonged  to  that  class.  A  loan  closet  is  maintained  with  bed 
linen,  cots  and  sickroom  appliances. 

JACKSON 
See  Hope. 

NEWPORT 

The  Newport  Association  for  the   Relief  and    Prevention  of 
Tuberculosis,  Over  201  Thames  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  September,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three — pupils. 

Salary:  $50  per  month  and  all  living  expenses  at  the  hospital. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  All  visiting  nursing  in  Newport  is  under  the  direction 
of  the  Newport  Hospital.  The  tuberculosis  department  is 
supervised  by  a  senior  pupil  who  is  assisted  by  the  pupils  in  the 
Training  School.  The  expense  of  this  work  is  met  by  the  Ladies' 
Aid  Society  of  Newport  Hospital,  and  by  the  Tuberculosis 
Association,  the  latter  paying  the  hospital  $.50  for  each  visit  made 
to  its  patients. 

The  secretary  of  this  society  co-operates  with  the  nurses  in 
all  matters  relating  to  the  families  of  the  tuberculosis  patients. 
Careful  records  of  such  cases  are  kept  at  the  hospital  dispensary. 
Maps  have  been  made  showing  the  location  of  houses  where 
tuberculosis  has  been  found.  The  Board  of  Health  disinfects 
homes  when  death  has  occurred  or  removal  has  taken  place. 
Provision  is  made  for  a  special  diet  of  milk  and  eggs  for  those 
who  cannot  buy  them.  Steamer  chairs  and  tents  are  loaned  for 
out-door  treatment,  and  sputum  cups,  with  instructions  for  the 
care    and    disposal    of   sputum,    are   freely   supplied.     Special 

286 


RHODE  ISLAND 

leaflets  are  distributed  to  the  school  children  through  the  public 
schools,  and  to  mothers  through  the  Mothers'  Meetings  which  are 
conducted  by  the  Civic  League.  Whenever  possible,  children  are 
examined  where  the  family  history  shows  that  other  members 
have  had  tuberculosis,  and  the  nurses  keep  a  careful  supervision 
over  all  patients  who  remain  in  their  homes. 

The  Newport  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  the  spring  of  1884. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three — pupils. 

Hours:  7  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  Emergency  calls  are  answered  day  and 
night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Association  for  the  Relief  and  Prevention  of  Tuber- 
culosis. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Visiting  nursing  in  Newport  was  first 
established  under  the  supervision  of  the  superintendent  of  nurses 
of  the  hospital,  and  so  continued  until  1881,  the  nursing  being 
done  by  the  senior  pupils.  It  was  then  for  five  years  placed  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Charity  Organization  Society,  and  separated 
from  hospital  management,  though  the  pupil  nurses  still  consti- 
tuted the  nursing  staff.  In  the  fall  of  1896,  at  the  request  of  the 
Charity  Organization  Society  the  direction  was  resumed  by  the 
hospital. 

The  department  is  in  charge  of  a  senior  nurse  who  is  selected 
for  her  adaptability  to  this  line  of  work.  The  length  of  the 
supervising  service  is  three  or  four  months.  One  pupil  cares 
for  obstetrical  patients  only,  and  one  is  assigned  to  medical  and 
surgical  cases,  including  care  of  tuberculous  patients.  The  length 
of  service  of  each  pupil  is  two  months.  Emergency  calls  are 
answered  day  or  night  by  extra  nurses.  Sick-room  appliances, 
bed  linen,  clothing,  and  nourishment  are  furnished  from  the 
District  Nursing  Fund.  The  Association  for  the  Relief  and 
Prevention  of  Tuberculosis  pays  the  hospital  $.50  for  every 
nursing  visit  made  to  its  patients.  Visits  requiring  observation 
only  are  made  gratuitously. 

287 


RHODE  ISLAND 

PAWTUCKET 

Associated  Charities,  55  High  Street. 

Established  a  visiting  nursing  department  June  14,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  empowered  to  draw  upon  the  Associated 
Charities  for  supplies,  and  to  furnish  material  relief  when  neces- 
sary.    Clothing  may  be  given,  but  bed  linen  may  only  be  loaned. 

Society  for  the  Relief  and  Control  of  Tuberculosis,  55  High  Street. 
Headquarters  of  visiting  nurse,  Associated  Charities  Office. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  25,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:  Two. 
Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.;   Sundays  excepted. 
Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Clothing,  milk,  and  eggs  are  supplied  for  needy 
patients. 

PEACE  DALE 
Neighborhood  Guild. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  October,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary:  $65  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  rural  district,  and  the  work  is  carried  on 
along  settlement  lines,  the  nurse  doing  her  share  of  the  social 
work,  as  well  as  of  nursing.  She  has  commodious  quarters  in  the 
new  Hazard  Memorial  Building,  with  a  living  room,  sterilizing 
room,  bathroom,  and  a  large  office  fitted  up  so  that  it  may  be 
easily  turned  into  an  emergency  operating  room. 


288 


RHODE   ISLAND 

PROVIDENCE 

Providence  District  Nursing  Association,  332  Butler  Exchange. 

Established  in  April,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses:   17,  four  of  whom  are  pupils. 

Salaries:  The  nurses  receive  $50  per  month  for  the  first  six  months, 
$60  the  following  eighteen  months,  and  $70  thereafter. 

Hours:  Eight.  No  visits  are  made  by  the  nurses  on  Sunday;  all 
necessary  calls  on  this  day  are  taken  by  the  pupils.  The  nurses 
also  have  one  afternoon  each  week  free  from  duty. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Providence  League  for  the  Suppression  of  Tuberculosis. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  superintendent,  one  assistant  superintendent, 
eleven  graduate  nurses,  and  four  senior  pupils  constitute  the 
nursing  staff.  Two  of  the  latter  are  from  the  Butler  Hospital, 
and  two  from  the  Rhode  Island  Hospital. 

The  city  is  divided  into  four  districts,  each  of  which  has  a 
supervising  graduate  nurse  and  one  pupil.  Four  nurses  specialize 
on  tuberculosis  work,  two  on  children,  and  one  is  placed  where 
the  work  is  heaviest. 

The  Providence  League  for  the  Suppression  of  Tuberculosis 
pays  the  salaries  of  the  tuberculosis  nurses,  who  confine  themselves 
to  the  educational  side  of  the  work.  Patients  needing  nursing 
care  are  referred  to  the  District  Nursing  Association  staff. 

During  the  summer,  four  special  nurses  visit  in  families  where 
there  are  babies  and  small  children,  giving  instruction  and  pro- 
fessional care.  Two  day  camps  for  babies  are  maintained  on 
private  grounds;  they  are  limited  to  ten  beds  each,  and  are  kept 
filled  by  the  special  nurses.  One  object  of  the  camps  is  to  teach 
the  mothers  by  example  what  they  themselves  may  do  for  their 
children.  Nurses  who  have  had  much  experience  with  babies 
are  in  charge,  and  assistants  work  under  their  direction.  Physi- 
cians of  Providence  have  the  medical  supervision  of  the  patients, 
visit  the  babies  in  their  homes  when  necessary,  and  give  talks 
to  the  mothers.  The  babies  are  brought  to  camp  at  8:30  every 
morning,  Sundays  included.  The  milk  is  modified  each  day, 
according  to  the  physician's  orders,  and  at  night  the  mothers 
19  289 


RHODE  ISLAND 

take  their  babies  home  with  enough  milk  to  last  through  the  night; 
they  pay  $.05  a  day  for  the  entire  care  at  the  camp.  The  articles 
used  for  each  child  are  kept  separate.  Bottles,  nipples,  night- 
gowns, and  sheets  are  boiled  daily.  On  the  recovery  of  a  baby 
it  is  sent  home  and  visited  by  a  nurse  to  see  that  instructions  are 
carried  out  as  long  as  necessary.  A  nurse  also  takes  charge  of  the 
children  who  are  sent  away  for  summer  outings. 

The  supply  bureau  keeps  all  necessary  articles  on  hand  for 
the  use  of  the  nurses.  Usually  these  articles  are  loaned.  An 
emergency  fund  makes  it  possible  to  engage  special  nurses  for 
critically  ill  patients  who  need  constant  care.  There  is  also  a 
fund  for  medicine,  when  it  is  impossible  for  the  patients  to  pro- 
vide them.  All  such  things  may  be  bought  at  the  Rhode  Island 
Hospital  at  nominal  prices.  Through  the  kindness  of  a  well- 
known  dentist,  free  dental  treatment  may  be  given  to  patients 
in  their  homes.  Owing  to  the  close  co-operation  with  the  Society 
for  Organizing  Charity,  it  is  not  necessary  for  the  nurses  to  give 
material  assistance,  except  in  rare  emergencies,  when  the  associa- 
tion is  usually  reimbursed  by  the  Society  for  Organizing  Charity. 

The  League  for  the  Suppression  of  Tuberculosis  furnishes  all 
relief  for  tuberculous  patients. 

The  Providence  League  for  the  Suppression  of  Tuberculosis, 

332  Butler  Exchange. 

Established  its  connection  with  the  District  Nursing  Association  in 
1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  Four. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations :  The  District  Nursing  Association. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  In  April,  1906,  the  care  of  tuberculosis 
patients  was  undertaken  by  the  District  Nursing  Association. 
The  following  year,  the  League  for  the  Suppression  of  Tubercu- 
losis assumed  the  financial  part  of  the  work  and  pays  the  salaries 
of  four  nurses. 

The  nurses  do  instructional  work  under  the  supervision  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  District  Nursing  Association;  they  give 
no    nursing   care    to    their   patients,    except   for    purposes   of 

290 


RHODE  ISLAND 

demonstration.  All  bed  patients  are  referred  to  the  general 
nursing  staff  of  the  District  Nursing  Association. 

The  Tuberculosis  League  is  a  committee  of  the  Charity  Or- 
ganization Society,  and  furnishes  medical  attendance,  milk,  eggs, 
clothing,  reclining  chairs,  sputum  cups,  and  cots.  In  some  cases 
it  has  been  possible  to  give  adequate  financial  assistance  which 
enabled  patients  to  cease  work  and  take  the  rest  cure.  Fam- 
ilies are  sometimes  cared  for  while  the  wage-earner  is  under 
treatment  in  the  State  Sanatorium. 

During  the  summer  of  1907,  a  day  camp  was  conducted  for 
children  who  were  in  the  incipient  stages  of  tuberculosis,  or  who 
were  considered  especially  susceptible  to  the  disease.  One  nurse 
visited  the  camp,  took  temperatures,  gave  baths,  etc.  In  the 
autumn  the  parents  withdrew  the  children  to  send  them  to  school, 
and  this  led  to  the  opening  of  the  first  Fresh  Air  School  in  America. 
One  entire  wall  of  a  classroom  was  removed,  and  great  glass 
windows  were  put  in  which  are  fastened  to  the  ceiling,  leaving 
the  space  three  feet  from  the  floor  quite  open.  The  desks  are 
movable,  and  the  children  generally  sit  with  their  backs  to  the 
sun.  They  wear  hats  and  wraps,  and,  in  cold  weather,  mittens. 
Foot  muffs  are  supplied  to  keep  their  feet  warm.  A  fire  in  a 
small  stove  in  the  centre  of  the  room  tempers  the  air,  and  enables 
the  pupils  to  warm  their  hands.  Hot  nourishing  broth  is  served 
at  recess  both  morning  and  afternoon.  The  children  are  care- 
fully watched  by  a  physician,  and  records  are  kept  of  their 
weight  and  general  condition. 

In  May,  a  day  camp  under  the  joint  management  of  the  hos- 
pital and  Tuberculosis  League  was  opened  on  the  grounds  of 
the  Rhode  Island  Hospital.  The  hospital  provides  provisions, 
the  league  the  equipment  and  a  nurse.  The  camp  has  a  large 
dining  tent  with  two  smaller  ones  for  emergency  use.  Places  are 
held  for  the  pupils  of  the  Fresh  Air  school  during  vacation  time. 
The  patients  of  the  camp  are  those  whom  the  nurses  find  in 
their  visits  to  the  homes,  and  whom  they  think  may  be  benefited 
by  the  camp  treatment. 

In  1907,  the  league  held  a  tuberculosis  exhibit  at  the  Outlet, 
a  department  store.     This  was  instrumental  in  calling  the  nurses' 

291 


RHODE   ISLAND 


attention  to  many  new  cases,  and  a  large  number  of  new  patients 
applied  at  the  tuberculosis  clinic  of  the  Rhode  Island  Hospital, 
where  a  nurse  is  present  three  mornings  a  week. 


QUIDNECK 
RIVERPOINT 
WASHINGTON 
WIPPETT 


•  See  Hope. 


WOONSOCKET 

Woonsocket  Anti-Tuberculosis  Association,  117  High  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  9,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. ;  Sundays  and  one  half  day  each  week 
excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations :  The  State  Board  of  Health. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  are  accepted  from  all  sources.  Aside  from 
her  professional  duties,  the  nurse  does  much  educational  work 
by  giving  talks  and  demonstrations  to  the  patients  and  their 
families,  to  women's  clubs,  and  in  the  public  schools.  Patients 
needing  relief  are  referred  to  the  association's  relief  com- 
mittee, which  meets  every  two  weeks.  In  case  of  emergency  the 
nurse  gives  relief  directly. 

Reclining  chairs,  tents,  cots,  blankets,  etc.,  are  loaned  by  the 
society.  Milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  when  necessary.  Trans- 
portation to  sanatoria  is  sometimes  given,  with  extra  wraps  and 
out-door  outfits  to  use  there.  The  State  Board  of  Health  supplies 
sputum  cups,  paper  bags,  and  napkins. 

All  cases  attended  by  the  nurse  or  found  by  her,  are  registered 
at  the  offices  of  the  Board  of  Health.  Houses  where  death  has 
occurred  or  a  patient  has  been  removed,  are  reported  to  the 
Health  Office  for  fumigation. 

292 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

CHARLESTON 
The  Ladies'  Benevolent  Society. 

Founded  in  1813. 

Established  a  graduate  nurse  in  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  was  the  first  secular  association 
in  America,  so  far  as  can  be  ascertained,  to  send  nurses  to  the 
homes  of  the  sick  poor.  Its  constitution  and  by-laws,  which  we 
quote  freely  in  this  account  of  its  work,  contain  much  interesting 
reading,  and  show  that  many  of  the  methods  of  the  society, 
adopted  at  that  early  date,  are  in  accordance  with  the  most 
approved  ideas  of  the  present  day. 

The  society  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  severe  epidemic  of  yellow 
fever  which  had  left  many  families  in  a  pitiful  condition.  Its 
object  was  "  The  nursing  of  the  poor  while  sick  and  incapacitated 
to  perform  their  usual  labor."  The  principles  of  the  society 
were  thus  expressed:  "To  relieve  the  distress  of  the  poor,  and 
the  sufferings  of  the  sick,  is  the  duty  of  all.  Charity  is  more 
blessed  to  those  who  give,  than  to  those  who  receive,  but  by  doing 
too  much,  the  independence  and  energies  of  the  object  are 
destroyed." 

Sixteen  ladies  were  elected  annually  as  a  visiting  committee. 
Each  visitor,  for  three  months,  had  to  visit  "  The  sick  poor  within 
the  four  lower  wards  of  the  city,  who  are  proper  objects;  visit 
them,  if  they  can  with  propriety,  and  relieve  them  as  prescribed 
by  the  regulations  of  the  board."  "There  may  be  eight  aged 
infirm  persons  retained  as  pensioners  by  the  Board.  The  sum 
of  37 J  cents  weekly  shall  be  allowed  to  these  pensioners,  but 
no  money  shall  be  given  to  patients."  "No  medicine  is  to  be 
bought  or  paid  for,  the  dispensary  being  open  to  the  poor,  and 
the  physician  the  most  competent  judge  of  the  constitution  and 

293 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


diseases  under  which  the  patient  is  laboring."  "  Patients  shall 
receive  weekly  one  pound  of  brown  sugar  (unless  the  complaint 
be  such  as  to  render  white  sugar  proper,  in  which  case  the  white 
shall  be  substituted),  one  pound  of  coffee  or  a  quarter  of  a  pound 
of  tea,  a  pint  of  lamp-oil  or  one  pound  of  tallow  candles,  three 
quarts  of  grits  or  two  quarts  of  middling  rice,  one  pound  or  six 
and  one-quarter  cents  worth  of  meat  (fresh  or  salt),  or  a  chicken 
every  day,  when  meat  is  ordered  by  the  physician.  If  milk  be 
ordered  in  preference  to  meat,  a  pint  may  be  allowed.  Arrow- 
root or  barley  according  to  the  state  of  the  patient  may  be  given, 
and  one-quarter  of  a  cord  of  wood,  carting  and  sawing  included, 
to  last  two  weeks  in  winter;  half  the  quantity  in  summer;  one 
pound,  or  six  and  one-quarter  cents  worth  of  soap.  Flannel 
and  a  blanket  may  be  given  when  necessary." 

"Visitors  may  continue  their  visits  and  supplies  for  a  week 
after  the  patient  is  left  by  the  physician,  or  until  the  patient  is 
quite  convalescent.  In  cases  of  illness,  or  sickness  where  persons 
are  subject  to  afflictions  which  though  painful  at  the  time  are 
relieved,  having  intervals  of  health,  and  of  ability  of  being  out, 
they  are  to  be  left  to  their  own  efforts  and  family  when  once 
restored  to  their  usual  health.  Chronic  diseases,  rheumatism, 
etc.,  are  not  subjects  for  this  society.  Such  sufferers  must  be 
assisted  to  the  Poor  House,  or  the  Hospital,  and  if  they  refuse  to 
go,  they  must  be  left  to  do  as  they  please,  but  they  are  not  to  be 
continued  on  the  Society. 

"The  poor  are  never  so  well  supplied  with  comforts  as  to 
render  aid  unnecessary,  therefore  the  visitors  are  requested  to 
have  the  bed  linen  belonging  to  the  society  used  in  all  cases  of 
illness."  "When  patients  are  ill,  nurses  must  be  supplied  by 
the  visitors,  and  paid  according  to  the  services  required.  Any 
neglect  of  duty  on  the  part  of  the  nurse  will  meet  with  immediate 
dismissal." 

The  society  was  undenominational  in  character,  and  its  funds 
came  from  Protestants,  Catholics,  and  Jews.  One  clergyman 
gave  $50,  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  his  sermon  on  the  "  Character 
of  Eve."  Up  to  1865,  fifty-two  years  after  the  society  was  founded, 
no  changes  had  been  made,  and  the  plan  worked  very  well. 

294 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 

The  war  scattered  the  members  and  dissipated  the  funds,  so  that 
no  regular  meetings  were  held  for  twenty  years,  but  the  society's 
ministrations  never  really  ceased.  In  1902,  it  showed  its  pro- 
gressive character  by  employing  a  trained  nurse,  and  the  work  is 
now  being  carried  on  in  the  most  approved  way. 

Colored  trained  nurses  and  pupil  nurses  from  hospitals  are 
engaged  to  care  for  patients  who  need  constant  attention  and  are 
employed  for  days  or  even  weeks  at  a  time,  working  under  the 
supervision  of  the  society's  nurse. 

FROGMORE,  St.  Helena  Island,  Beaufort  County. 
Penn  Normal  Industrial  and  Agricultural  School. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  October,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $30  per  month  and  living  expenses. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  This  is  an  agricultural  district  on  one 
of  the  largest  islands  off  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  and  about 
half  way  between  Charleston  and  Savannah.  The  population 
consists  of  about  7,000  colored  people,  and  50  whites.  The 
Eustis  family,  as  a  memorial  to  their  parents,  engaged  a  graduate 
nurse  from  the  Dixie  Hospital,  Hampton,  Virginia,  to  take  up 
the  work  in  this  community.  The  nurse  lives  at  the  Penn 
School  and  cares  for  both  white  and  colored  residents.  She 
visits  not  only  in  the  homes  on  St.  Helena  Island,  but  she  also 
visits  families  living  on  the  neighboring  islands,  of  which  there 
are  a  number.  She  cares  for  cases  of  illness  which  may  occur 
among  the  day  scholars,  and  student  boarders.  She  has  a 
weekly  mothers'  meeting  at  the  school,  where  questions  of 
hygiene,  and  problems  that  arise  in  the  homes  are  discussed. 
She  has  a  weekly  mothers'  meeting  at  the  Eustis  Plantation  on 
Ladies'  Island,  and  she  also  has  two  classes  in  hygiene  among  the 
advanced  students.  The  nurse  has  an  office  in  Cope  Cottage, 
where  patients  go  for  advice,  dressings  and  treatments  of  various 
kinds. 


295 


TENNESSEE 

GREENVILLE 

Monaghan  Mills  Visiting  Nurse. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  i,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month,  board  and  laundry. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  work  was  established  for  the  benefit  of  the 
employes  in  the  mills,  and  the  people  living  in  the  village.  There 
is  a  dispensary  where  the  nurse  assists  the  physicians  during 
clinic  hours;  the  remaining  time  is  spent  in  visiting  her  patients 
in  their  homes. 

TENNESSEE 
NASHVILLE 

Methodist  Training  School.    Visiting  Nurse  Department,  422 
Park  Place. 

Established  September  18,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses :  Two,  and  two  pupils. 

Salary :  $50  per  month  for  the  graduate  nurses. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  school  is  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  training 
missionaries  and  deaconesses  for  home  and  foreign  fields.  The 
Nurse-Deaconess  training  extends  over  a  period  of  three  years, 
two  of  which  are  given  to  the  technical  nursing  work,  including 
the  care  and  feeding  of  children,  and  nursing  in  the  homes  of 
the  poor.  A  trained  nurse  is  employed  to  reside  in  the  school, 
supervise  its  sanitary  conditions,  attend  to  the  food  of  the  pupils, 
and  care  for  any  who  may  be  ill. 

The  Nurse  Circle,  First  Presbyterian  Church,  154  Fifth  Avenue, 

North. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1898. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 

296 


TEXAS 

Salary :  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

TEXAS 

EL  PASO 
El  Paso  United  Tuberculosis  Relief  Association,  Court  House 
Building. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  15,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for :  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations :  The  Women's  Associated  Charities. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Miss  A.  Louise  Dietrich,  superintendent 
of  St.  Mark's  Maternity  Hospital,  gave  her  services  for  one  month 
in  order  to  demonstrate  the  need  of  visiting  nursing  work  among 
the  tuberculosis  patients.  At  the  end  of  that  time  the  necessity 
had  been  shown  to  be  so  great  that  twenty  men  pledged  them- 
selves to  be  responsible  for  the  nurse's  salary.  She  attends  the 
free  tuberculosis  clinic,  and  visits  the  patients  in  their  homes. 
The  larger  number  of  them  live  in  tents,  and  are  people  who  have 
gone  to  Texas  from  other  states  hoping  to  regain  their  health. 
Clinics  are  held  every  afternoon  from  3  to  4,  and  on  four  mornings 
during  the  week.  In  cases  of  necessity  the  Women's  Associated 
Charities  furnish  eggs,  milk,  clothing,  reclining  chairs,  etc. 

FORT  WORTH 

Medical  College  Hospital,  1003  Throckmorton  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  May  10,  1909. 
Number  of  nurses :  Five — pupils. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Medical,  obstetrical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  pupils  visit  in  the  homes  a  certain  number  of 
hours  each  day.     It  is  expected  that  the  work  will  demand  a 
salaried  nurse  in  the  near  future. 

297 


UTAH 

HOUSTON 

Maple  Street  Settlement  Association,  1701  Maple  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  March  1,  1909. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours :  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
.  and  tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  Christ  Church. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  is  in  residence  at  the  settlement,  where  she 
has  an  office  and  First  Aid  room.  Contagious  cases  are  visited 
once  and  instruction  for  the  care  of  the  patient  is  given.  The 
nurse  visits  the  Rusk  School,  one  of  the  public  schools  in  the 
most  crowded  district.  The  children  are  examined  by  a  physi- 
cian, and  the  names  of  the  sick  or  needy  pupils  are  given  to  the 
nurse  for  care  and  investigation.  Through  the  school  children 
the  entire  family  is  reached.  The  nurse  has  an  office  in  the  school 
building,  where  she  may  be  seen  at  certain  hours  for  advice  and 
minor  surgical  dressings.  She  is  also  connected  with  the  Salva- 
tion Army  Dispensary,  which  is  the  only  free  dispensary  in 
Houston. 

UTAH 

SALT  LAKE  CITY 
The  Relief  Society  Nurse  Class  of  the  Mormon  Church. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1899. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  Mormon  Church  cares  for  its  sick  poor  in  the 
following  way:  Each  nurse,  in  consideration  of  her  training, 
which  is  free,  agrees  to  do  charity  work  among  the  very  poor 
for  fifty  days,  during  a  period  of  two  years  after  her  graduation. 
This  is  done  in  answer  to  calls  from  the  superintendent.  The 
superintendent  supervises  the  work,  and  the  officers  of  the  ward 
associations  co-operate  with  her,  in  supplying  food  and  clothing 
when  necessary. 


298 


VERMONT 

VERMONT 

BELLOWS  FALLS 
The  Women's  Club,  Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  visiting  nursing  January  i,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.     Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Nourishing  food  and  clothing  are  furnished  to 
those  who  need  such  help;  and  many  cases  of  financial  distress 
are  relieved  with  funds  given  by  the  churches  and  the  town. 

BRATTLEBORO 

Brattleboro  Memorial  Hospital,  Canal  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  March,  1902. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  and  all  living  expenses  at  the  hospital. 

Hours :  Irregular.     Calls  answered  at  night. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  Visiting  nursing  was  begun  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Thompson  Trust,  more  than  two  years  before  the 
hospital  was  opened.  The  trust  was  created  by  the  will  of 
Thomas  Thompson,  who  left  a  sum  of  over  one  million  dollars 
for  the  relief  of  poor  seamstresses,  needle  women,  and  shop  girls 
in  the  towns  of  Brattleboro,  Vermont,  and  Rhinebeck,  New  York, 
who  might  be  in  temporary  need.  The  will  provided  that  if  the 
whole  income  was  not  needed  for  this  purpose  it  should  be 
applied  to  kindred  charities.  By  a  decree  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Massachusetts,  the  trustees  were  authorized  to  build,  equip 
and  carry  on  hospitals  in  Brattleboro  and  Rhinebeck. 

In  order  to  supply  the  need  of  nursing  for  many  poor  patients 
before  the  hospitals  could  be  finished,  a  visiting  nursing  service 
was  started  and  is  still  being  carried  on,  in  both  places.  There 
is  one  graduate  nurse  in  Brattleboro  who  gives  her  entire  time 

299 


VERMONT 

to  the  work;  she  is  assisted  by  a  pupil  from  the  hospital  when  the 
service  is  heavy  enough  to  require  it.  Calls  from  patients  unable 
to  pay  the  nurse's  fee  are  given  first  consideration.  The  follow- 
ing schedule  is  maintained  for  other  patients.  Obstetrical  visits, 
first  call,  $1.00;  subsequent  calls,  $.50;  twelve  hour  duty  night 
or  day,  $3.00.  Major  surgical  dressings,  $1.00,  minor  dressings, 
$.50.     Massage  per  hour,  $1.00. 

The  income  received  from  pay  patients  largely  sustained  the 
free  work  during  the  year  of  1908.  Clothing  or  bed  linen  may  be 
supplied  to  needy  patients.  Through  the  co-operation  of  the 
Mutual  Aid  Association,  housekeepers  or  helpers  are  sent  to 
patients  needing  constant  care,  and  they  work  under  the  direction 
of  the  nurse;  they  are  also  sent  to  homes  where  the  household 
and  children  must  be  cared  for  when  the  mother  is  ill. 

BURLINGTON 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  114  Pearl  St. 

Established  February  4th,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Calls  of  extreme  emergency  answered  at  night. 
The  nurse  has  supplies  of  bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick  room  appli- 
ances.    Nourishment  is  given  when  necessary. 

PROCTOR 

Proctor  Hospital,  Visiting  Nursing  Department,  Ormsbee  Avenue. 

Visiting  nursing  established  in  1895. 

Number  of  nurses:  Two;  sometimes  three — pupils. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  Vermont  Marble  Company 
started  the  visiting  nursing  service  in  Proctor  and  West  Rutland, 
before  the  hospital  was  built;  the  service  being  instituted  for  the 
benefit  of  the  employes  and  their  families.     The  work  proved  so 

300 


VERMONT 

successful  that  the  company  built  a  hospital  in  Proctor  in  1896, 
and  the  visiting  work  was  continued  under  the  supervision  of  the 
training  school.  The  graduate  nurses  were  replaced  in  time  by 
senior  pupils,  one  of  whom  was  assigned  to  West  Rutland,  and 
one  or  two,  as  the  work  required,  to  Proctor. 

The  hospital  is  maintained  largely  for  the  workmen  of  the 
company  and  their  families,  but  others  in  the  community  are 
admitted  as  pay  patients.  The  income  so  received  goes  toward 
the  expenses  of  the  hospital,  and  all  further  costs  are  borne  by 
the  company.     No  fees  are  paid  for  the  nurses'  service. 

ST.  ALBAN'S 

St.  Alban's  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  17  Bank  Street. 
Established  June  1,  1907. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 
Salary :  $50  and  expenses. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases   cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,  and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:    This  work  was  started  and  is  carried  on  by  the 

Women's  Club. 

WEST  RUTLAND 
See  Proctor. 

WINDSOR 

The  Women's  Club,  Visiting  Nurse  Department. 

Established  March  1,  1907. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $50  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  answered  whenever  received. 

Classes  of  cases   cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,  obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:    Calls  are  accepted  only  from  physicians  or  some 

member  of  the  committee  on  nursing  of  the  club. 

301 


VIRGINIA 

VIRGINIA 

ALEXANDRIA 
The  Alexandria  Hospital. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  January,  1898. 

Number  of  nurses :  One — pupil. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,  and 

tubercular. 
Plan  of  Work:   Bed  linen  and  clothing  are  loaned  when  necessary. 

BEAVER  DAM,  Hanover  County 
Beaver  Dam  Visiting  Nurse,  Pinecote. 
Established  December  15,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month  and  furnished  house  to  live  in. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work :  This  is  a  rural  district,  and  the  nurse  cares  for  both 

white  and  colored  people.     She  has  a  horse  and  carriage  for 

traveling  long  distances,  and  a  loan  closet  which  contains  bed 

linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances. 

DANVILLE 

Ministering  Circle  of  King's  Daughters.    Main  Street. 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  May,  1904. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 

and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  has  the  use  of  a  horse  and  carriage  when 

necessary. 

HAMPTON 

Hampton  Training  School  for  Nurses.* 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1891. 

*  This  Training  School  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

302 


VIRGINIA 

Number  of  nurses:   One — pupil. 
Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  are  answered  at  all  hours. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,  and  obstetrical. 
Plan  of  Work:   This  service  is  a  part  of  the  regular  training  given 
to  the  pupils  in  their  senior  year. 

LEESBURG 

The  L.  M.  Memorial  Nurse. 

Established  October  15,  1904. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.  Emergency  calls  are  answered  at  all  hours,  and 
special  private  duty  is  sometimes  taken. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurse  visits  in  their  homes  both  white  and 
colored  patients,  and  no  one  is  allowed  to  pay  for  her  services. 
Only  such  presents  as  are  suitable  for  the  replenishment  of  the 
loan  closet  are  accepted.  In  addition  to  visiting,  and  giving 
instruction  in  the  homes,  the  nurse  conducts  classes  in  elementary 
nursing  for  trained  attendants,  who  are  thus  enabled  to  take  a 
certain  class  of  patients  at  moderate  fees. 

LYDIA,  Greene  County 
St.  James  Mission. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Plan  of  Work:  This  is  a  mountainous  district,  and  the  nurse  makes 

her  calls  on  horseback,  sometimes  riding  eighteen  miles  to  a  case. 

There  is  a  small  hospital  of  five  beds  of  which  the  nurse  has 

charge,  and  as  the  nearest  physicians  are  seven  miles  away  all 

the  hospital  beds  are  frequently  full. 

LYNCHBURG 
Van  Dyke  League,  Church  St. 

Established  a  visiting  nurse  department  in  April  15,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses:   One. 

303 


VIRGINIA 

Salary:  $75  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:    Food,  clothing,  medicine,  and  bandages  are  sup- 
plied, when  they  cannot  be  obtained  elsewhere. 

MISSION  HOME,  Albemarle"  County 
The  Protestant  Episcopal  Church. 

Established  visiting  nursing  in  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :   One. 

Salary:  $25  per  month  and  expenses. 

Hours :  Irregular.     Calls  answered  whenever  received. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  Mission  Home  is  the  headquarters  of  a  large  moun- 
tain mission  work,  which  is  divided  into  three  departments: 
medical,  educational,  and  evangelistic.  For  the  former  there  is 
a  hospital  consisting  of  one  small  ward,  a  nurse's  room,  and  a 
dispensary.  The  work  of  the  nurse  is  almost  wholly  that  of 
visiting  in  the  homes;  only  patients  needing  close  attention  for 
a  short  time — operative  cases — are  taken  into  the  hospital. 
During  the  nurse's  absence  on  her  rounds  these  are  cared  for  by 
a  deaconess  who  has  also  had  hospital  training.  The  work  is 
supported  by  members  of  the  diocese  and  people  interested  in  the 
cause.  It  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Archdeacon  of  the  Blue 
Ridge  and  of  the  Rev.  Geo.  P.  Mayo,  resident  rector  of  Mission 
Home. 

NORFOLK 

Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  101  Freemason  Street. 

At  present  financial  arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  City 
Union  of  King's  Daughters  nurses  to  care  for  their  tuberculous 
patients,  both  white  and  colored. 

City  Union  of  the  King's  Daughters,  333  Monticello  Avenue. 
Established  visiting  nursing  January  1,  1897. 
Number  of  nurses:    Three;    one  supervising  nurse,  one  assistant, 
and  one  pupil  from  the  Norfolk  Protestant  Hospital. 

304 


VIRGINIA 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Affiliations:  The  Protestant  Hospital  and  the  Anti-Tuberculosis 
League. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  work  is  carried  on  in  connection  with  the 
Board  of  Health,  city  physicians,  and  private  practitioners. 
Through  arrangement  with  the  Anti-Tuberculosis  League,  the 
superintendent  of  the  King's  Daughters'  nurses  cares  for  all 
tuberculous  patients.  The  pupil  nurses  have  one  month  in  the 
district  work  as  a  part  of  their  regular  training. 

The  King's  Daughters  employ  a  visiting  housekeeper  who  is 
sent  into  the  homes  when  the  mother  is  ill,  to  look  after  the 
children,  attend  to  the  housework,  and  carry  out  the  nurse's 
directions  in  her  absence.  The  society  has  a  sterilizer  for  pre- 
paring surgical  dressings  and  maternity  outfits.  Bed  linen, 
clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances  are  furnished  when  needed, 
also  milk  and  medicines  for  patients  who  cannot  afford  to  pay 
for  them.  A  seaside  camp  is  planned  for  the  near  future  with  a 
special  view  to  caring  for  the  children  of  tuberculous  patients. 

Norfolk  Protestant  Hospital. 

The  pupil  nurses  have  each  one  month's  training  in  district  work. 
This  is  supervised  by  the  superintendent  of  the  City  Union  of 
King's  Daughters,  333  Monticello  Avenue. 

Southern  Industrial  Classes,  Visiting  Nurse  Department,  Cum- 
berland Street. 

Established  November  15,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary:  $550  per  year. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.;  Sundays  and  Friday  afternoons  excepted. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:   Surgical,  medical,  and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  object  of  this  society  is  to  care  for  the  sick, 
and  to  introduce  industrial  work  into  the  public  schools  for 
colored  students  in  Norfolk  and  its  vicinity.  The  nurse  is  a 
colored  woman,  visiting  only  among  her  own  people.  A  part 
20  305 


VIRGINIA 

of  her  time  is  given  to  the  regular  class  work  for  girls  attending 
the  school.  This  course  comprises  first  aid  to  the  injured, 
hygiene,  bed-making,  and  the  care  of  chronic  invalids,  and  the 
lessons  are  supplemented  by  lectures  from  physicians.  The  nurse 
also  has  classes  for  older  women  and  mothers.  A  supply  closet 
furnishes  sick-room  appliances  and  bed  linen;  old  clothing  is 
kept  on  hand  to  be  loaned  or  given  to  the  patients  when  needed. 
A  relief  fund  is  contributed  by  the  colored  people  to  provide  fuel 
and  nourishment  for  the  sick  in  cases  of  great  need. 

PETERSBURG 

King's  Daughters  and  Sons,  132  Jefferson  St. 
Established  July  4,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $50  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   obstetrical,   and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Nourishment,  clothing,  coal,  and  medical  appliances 

are  furnished  when  necessary. 

RICHMOND 

Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Association  of  the  Nurses'  Settlement, 

108  North  Seventh  Street. 

Established  in  October,  1900. 

Number  of  nurses :   Six. 

Salaries :  $50  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m.  One  afternoon  free  from  duty  is  allowed 
each  week. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous.  Attendants  and  special  nurses  are  employed  for 
contagious  cases. 

History  and  Plan  of  Work:  The  settlement  was  founded  by  a  group 
of  self-supporting  graduate  nurses  under  the  leadership  of  Miss 
Cabaniss,  with  the  intention  of  carrying  on  charitable  nursing 
in  intervals  of  spare  time.  The  work  became  so  absorbing  and 
the  demands  so  extensive  that,  after  sixteen  months  of  the  ex- 

306 


VIRGINIA 

perimental  undertaking,  they  decided  to  appeal  to  the  public  for 
funds  to  enable  them  to  devote  their  entire  time  to  visiting  nursing 
and  social  settlement  work.  A  house  had  been  rented  and  fur- 
nished, and  up  to  the  time  the  appeal  was  made,  all  their  personal 
expenses  and  those  incidental  to  the  work  had  been  met  by  the 
nurses.  All  the  churches  of  the  city  and  many  individual  friends 
responded  to  the  call.  An  association  was  formed  on  a  non- 
sectarian  basis,  and  the  regular  staff  of  nurses  was  provided  for. 

The  settlement  has  been  an  active  force  in  civic  and  municipal 
affairs,  and  has  promoted  the  development  of  the  Charity  Or- 
ganization Society,  reformed  the  arrangements  for  nursing  in  the 
city  almshouse,  and  developed  active  working  relations  with  the 
Board  of  Health,  which  has  now  placed  its  two  tuberculosis 
nurses  in  the  settlement  under  the  direction  of  the  head  worker. 
The  nurses  are  doing  experimental  work  in  the  public  schools, 
and  they  hope  that  this  will  later  be  taken  up  by  the  city  as  a 
regular  service. 

There  is  a  loan  closet  supplied  with  bed  linen,  clothing,  and 
sick-room  appliances.  Special  diet  for  patients  is  sometimes 
prepared  at  the  settlement. 

Richmond  Department  of  Health,  1408  E.  Franklin  St. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  25,  1907. 

This  clinic  is  for  white  patients  only.  The  nurses  of  the  In- 
structive Visiting  Nurses  Association  attend  the  clinics  and  visit 
the  patients  in  their  homes. 

Richmond  Dispensary  for  Tubercular  Communicable  Diseases 
of  the  Nose,  Throat  and  Lungs,  412  North  Third  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  25,  1907. 

Class  of  cases  cared  for:  Tuberculous. 

Affiliations :  City,  and  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Plan  of  Work:  The  nurses  of  the  Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  Asso- 
ciation attend  the  clinics  and  visit  the  patients  in  their  homes. 
When  necessary,  milk  and  eggs  are  furnished  by  the  city  in  a 
limited  amount.  This  dispensary  is  attended  by  colored  patients 
only. 

307 


WASHINGTON 

Richmond  Tuberculosis  Institute,  210  North  23d  Street. 

Established  visiting  nursing  November  1,  1905,  in  connection  with 
a  charitable  dispensary,  which  is  in  a  specially  constructed  build- 
ing in  the  rear  of  the  institute. 

Number  of  nurses:  Three. 

Salaries :  $40  per  month,  with  board  and  lodging. 

Hours:  Irregular. 

Class  of  cases :  Tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work :  The  nurses  attend  the  dispensary,  which  is  open  every 
day  from  7  a.  m.  to  9  a.  m.  and  7  p.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  Financial  aid 
is  given  in  cases  of  extreme  need. 

WASHINGTON 

SEATTLE 
Board  of  Education,  Seventh  and  Marion  Streets. 
Established  school  nursing  January  13,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  Two. 
Salaries :  $85  per  month. 
Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,   contagious,  and 

tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:    Salaries  are  paid  and  control  and  supervision 
exercised  by  the  Board  of  Education.     The  nurses  carry  out  the 
instructions  of  the  medical  inspectors,  who  are  under  the  Health 
Board. 

Each  nurse  visits  thirty  schools,  or  one-half  of  all  in  the 
city,  representing  an  enrolment  of  12,500  pupils.  Routine  in- 
spection of  hair,  eyes,  ears,  nose,  throat,  teeth,  and  skin  is  made 
periodically.  Cultures  taken  from  suspicious  looking  sore  throats 
are  sent  to  the  Health  Board. 

The  nurses  keep  records  of  all  the  cases,  visit  the  homes  of 
pupils  who  are  excluded,  and  impress  upon  the  parents  the 
necessity  of  carrying  out  the  physicians'  orders.  As  there  are  no 
free  clinics  in  Seattle,  the  nurses  enlist  the  services  of  private 
practitioners  in  cases  where  the  family  is  unable  to  pay  the 
customary  fee.     In  the  visits  to  the  homes,  the  nurses  find  many 

308 


WASHINGTON 

opportunities  for  detecting  and  correcting  causes  responsible  for 
the  troubles  for  which  the  children  are  under  treatment. 

Charity  Organization  Society,  312  Collins  Block. 

Established  visiting  nurse  department  July  1,  1905. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary :  $70  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  special  effort  is  made  to  care  for  tuberculous 
patients.  Paper  napkins  are  furnished  by  the  society,  and  milk 
and  eggs  are  supplied  by  the  Fruit  and  Flower  Mission.  A  supply 
closet  furnishes  bed  linen,  which  may  be  loaned  to  general 
patients,  and  occasionally  given  away  to  needy  cases. 

SPOKANE 

The  Associated  Charities  of  Spokane,  City  Hall. 

Established  visiting  nursing  February  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:  $80  per  month. 

Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  A  loan  closet  provides  bed  linen  and  clothing. 
Sputum  cups,  milk  and  eggs  are  supplied  to  tuberculous  patients 
when  they  are  not  able  to  buy  them  in  sufficient  quantities. 

TACOMA 

Board  of  Education. 

Established  school  nursing  December  25,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:   One. 

Salary :  $65  per  month  and  carfare. 

Hours:    8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.;    Saturday  afternoons  and  Sundays 

excepted. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:    Surgical,   medical,  contagious,  and 

tuberculous. 

309 


WEST  VIRGINIA,  WISCONSIN 

WEST  VIRGINIA 
MOUNDSVILLE 
Reynolds  Memorial  Hospital  Training  School  for  Nurses.* 
Established  visiting  nursing  in  1905. 
Number  of  nurses:  One. 
Salary:  $40  per  month. 

Hours:  Irregular.     Calls  answered  whenever  received. 
Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

WISCONSIN 

EAU  CLAIRE 
Eau  Claire  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  April  15,  1903. 

Number  of  nurses :  One. 

Salary:  $60  per  month. 

Hours:  9  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for :  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  When  necessary,  an  emergency  nurse  is  employed 
for  contagious  diseases.  The  association  co-operates  with  all 
the  charity  organizations  of  the  city.  There  is  a  loan  closet, 
which  supplies  necessary  furnishings  for  the  sick  room. 

Medicines,  malted  milk,  fruit,  and  food  are  given  to  patients 
when  necessary.  Tents  are  also  supplied  for  the  out-door 
treatment  of  tuberculous  patients. 

MENASHA 
See  Neenah. 

MILWAUKEE 
The  Ladies'   Sanitary  and  Benevolent  .Association,   7th  and 

Vliet  Streets. 
Established  visiting  nursing  on  June  24,  1906. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $40  per  month. 

*  This  hospital  has  not  replied  to  late  communications. 

310 


WISCONSIN 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 
and  tuberculous. 

Milwaukee  Visiting  Nurse  Association,  495  Juneau  Place. 

Established  July  1,  1906. 

Number  of  nurses :  Seven. 

Salaries:  $60  for  three  probationary  months;  $70  the  following 
nine  months,  and  $75  thereafter.  A  large  part  of  the  uniform 
is  provided  by  the  Association. 

Hours:  8:30  a.  m.  to  5:30  p.  m. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and 
tuberculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  There  is  in  each  district  a  loan  closet  containing 
bed  linen,  clothing,  and  sick-room  appliances.  A  -fund  given 
by  the  Alpha  Zeta  Pi  Society  furnishes  nourishment,  milk,  eggs, 
and  medicines  for  needy  patients ;  food  and  fuel  are  supplied  for 
emergency  cases.  One  nurse  specializes  in  tuberculosis  work, 
and  attends  the  clinics  at  the  South  Side  Free  Dispensary,  331 
Grove  Street.  She  visits  these  patients  in  their  homes,  instructs 
them  how  to  carry  out  the  treatment  prescribed  at  the  dispensary, 
and  how  to  avoid  further  contagion  for  themselves  and  their 
families. 

One  nurse  attends  the  Children's  Clinic,  and  gives  nursing  care 
to  those  patients  who  are  too  ill  to  go  to  the  dispensary.  A  day 
camp  for  sick  babies  is  maintained  throughout  the  summer 
months.  In  1908,  a  "Tag  Day"  was  held  for  the  benefit  of  the 
association,  and  $11,000  was  realized.  In  the  fall  of  that  year 
the  nurses  began  experimental  work  in  the  public  schools,  and 
there  are  now  three  nurses  detailed  to  that  work. 

NEENAH 
The  Visiting  Nurse  Association. 

Established  October  1,  1908. 
Number  of  nurses :  One. 
Salary:  $55  per  month. 
Hours:  8  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m.;  Sundays  excepted. 

311 


WISCONSIN 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  contagious, 

and  tuberculous. 
Plan  of  Work:  Patients  living  in  Menasha  are  cared  for  also. 

RACINE 
Instructive  Visiting  Nurse  of  the  Associated    Charities,   212 

Fifth  Street. 

Established  December  1,  1908. 

Number  of  nurses:  One. 

Salary:   $50  per  month  and  carfare;   lunches  also  are  provided. 

Hours:  Eight  hours. 

Classes  of  cases  cared  for:  Surgical,  medical,  obstetrical,  and  tu- 
berculous. 

Plan  of  Work:  There  is"a  supply  closet  with  bed  linen  and  clothing 
to  lend.  The  Horlick  Food  Company  furnishes  all  the  malted 
milk  needed  for  the  patients. 


312 


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STATISTICAL   TABLES 


TABLE  II— SHOWING  THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  VISITING  NURSING 
MOVEMENT  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES.  NUMBER  OF  NEW 
ASSOCIATIONS  FORMED— BY  YEARS 


877. 
878. 
879. 


882. 


893- 


1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 


1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 


14 
16 


13 
10 
19 
24 

!  24 

•  35 

•  37 

•  49 

•  67 
.112 


1909 75  (First  6  months) 

Unknown 7 


TABLE    III— SHOWING    THE    NUMBER    OF    ASSOCIATIONS    AND 
NUMBER    OF    VISITING    NURSES    IN    EACH    STATE 


States 


No.  of 

No.  OF 

Associa- 

Visiting 

tions 

Nurses 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

21 

39 

3 

6 

20 

33 

2 

3 

3 

J5 

0 

0 

7 

7 

0 

0 

19 

118 

6 

12 

0 

0 

6 

8 

1 

1 

3 

5 

1 

1 

7 

10 

11 

39 

81 

179 

19 

42 

4 

13 

0 

0 

6 

9 

States 


No.  of 
Associa- 
tions 


No.  of 
Visiting 
Nurses 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist.  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Indian  Territory. . 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 


Montana , 

Nebraska - 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey. 

New  Mexico. . . 

New  York 

No.  Carolina... 

No.  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Rhode  Island. . . 

So.  Carolina 

So.  Dakota 

Tennessee. 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington... . 
West  Virginia . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


12 

29 

o 

108 

4 


119 
9 

3 


6 

15 
3 


4i 

o 

458 

5 
o 
72 
1 
4 
168 

35 
3 
o 

5 
7 
1 

7 
24 

4 


365 


VISITING   NURSING  IN   THE  UNITED   STATES 


TABLE  IV.— MUNICIPALITIES  EMPLOYING  VISITING  NURSES  FOR 
TUBERCULOSIS  PATIENTS 


California,  Los  Angeles,  Instructive  District  Nursing  for  the 

City  of  Los  Angeles 

"  Oakland,  Associated  Charities 

Georgia,  Savannah,  The  King's  Daughters 

Illinois,  Peoria,  Department  of  Health 

Indiana,  Indianapolis,  The  Department  of  Public  Health 

"  "  The  Indianapolis  City  Dispensary 

Kentucky,  Louisville,  The  Board  of  Tuberculosis  Hospital. . 
Maine,  Biddeford,  The  Trull  Hospital  Aid  Association  (State 

Aid) 

"      Portland,  Board  of  Health 

Massachusetts,  Boston,  Boston  Asso.  for  Relief  and  Control  of 

Tuberculosis 

"  Melrose,  The  Melrose  Hospital 

Michigan,  Detroit,  Department  of  Health 

New  Jersey,  Jersey  City,  Board  of  Health 

"  Newark,  The  Visiting  Nurse  Association   (State 

Aid) 

New  York,  New  York,  The  Department  of  Health 

Rome,  "  "      

Rochester,  Rochester  Public  Health  Association. 

"  Schenectady,  Municipal  Dispensary 

"  Syracuse,  Board  of  Health 

"  Yonkers,  The  Sanitary  League 

North  Carolina,  Durham,  Durham  Clinic  for  Pulmonary  Dis- 
eases   

Ohio,  Cincinnati,  Department  of  Health 

"     Columbus,  The  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis 

Oklahoma,  Oklahoma  City,  Department  of  Health 

Pennsylvania,  Allegheny,  The  Visiting  Nurse  Association 

"  Carlisle,  The  Carlisle  Visiting  Nurse  Association . 

Harrisburg,  State  Department  of  Health 

"  Pittsburgh,  Board  of  Health 

Rhode  Island,  Woonsocket,  The  Anti-Tuberculosis  Associa- 
tion  


Virginia,  Richmond,  The  Dispensary  for  Tubercular  Diseases  . . 


Estab- 
lished 


1904 
1906 
1908 
1908 
1907 

1907 
1907 

1906 

1890 
190S 

1902 
1904 
1909 
1904 
1908 
1908 
1906 

1909 
1907 
1906 
1908 
1894 

190S 
1907 
1907 

1908 
1907 


No.  OF 
Nurses 


4 
2 

5 
24 

1 
2 
1 
1 
1 

1 
2 

3 


9i 

5 


366 


STATISTICAL  TABLES 
TABLE  V.— MUNICIPALITIES  EMPLOYING  PUBLIC  SCHOOL  NURSES 


California,  Berkeley,  Board  of  Education 

"         Los  Angeles,  Board  of  Health 

"         San  Francisco,  Department  of  Health 

Colorado,  Pueblo,  Department  of  Education 

Georgia,  Atlanta,  Department  of  Education 

Illinois,  Chicago,  Department  of  Health 

Iowa,  Des  Moines,  Board  of  Education 

Maryland,  Baltimore,  Department  of  Health 

Massachusetts,  Boston,  Department  of  Education 

Brookline,  Department  of  Education 
Cambridge,  Department  of  Health . . 

Michigan,  Detroit,  Board  of  Health 

"         Grand  Rapids,  Board  of  Education 

New  Jersey,  Jersey  City,  Board  of  Health 

Orange,  Board  of  Education 

New  York,  New  York,  Department  of  Health 

Syracuse,  Board  of  Health 

Ohio,  Cincinnati,  Board  of  Health 

"     Cleveland,  Board  of  Education 

Oregon,  Portland,  City  of  Portland 

Pennsylvania,  Harrisburg,  Board  of  Education 

Philadelphia,     "       "  "        

Washington,  Seattle,  "       "  "        

"  Tacoma,  "      "         "        


Estab- 
lished 

No.  OF 
Nurses 

1909 

I 

I9°3 

4 

1908 

4 

1909 

1 

1909 

1 

1908 

41 

I9°S 

2 

I90S 

5 

I9°S 

34 

1909 

1 

1907 

1 

1906 

2 

1905 

3 

1907 

2 

1906* 

2 

1902 
1908 

141 
2 

1909 

2 

1908 

2 

1908 

1 

1908 

1 

1908 

6 

1908 

2 

1908 

1 

367 


UNIVERSE* 

Of 


THE 


SURVEY 

A  JOURNAL  OF  CONSTRUCTIVE  PHILANTHROPY 


THE  SURVEY  is  a  weekly  magazine  for  all  those  who 
believe  that  progress  in  this  country  hinges  on 
social  service:  that  legislation,  city  government,  the 
care  of  the  unfortunate,  the  cure  of  the  sick,  the  edu- 
cation of  children,  the  work  of  men  and  the  homes  of 
women,  must  pass  muster  in  their  relation  to  the  com- 
mon welfare. 

As  Critic,  The  Survey  examines  conditions  of  life 
and  labor,  and  points  where  they  fail:  how  long  hours, 
low  pay,  insanitary  housing,  disease,  intemperance,  in- 
discriminate charity,  and  lack  of  recreation,  break  down 
character  and  efficiency. 

As  Student,  The  Survey  examines  immigration,  in- 
dustry, congestion,  unemployment,  to  furnish  a  solid 
basis  of  fact  for  intelligent  and  permanent  betterment. 

As  Program,  The  Survey  stands  for  Prevention:  Pre- 
vention of  Poverty  through  wider  opportunity  and  ade- 
quate charity;  Prevention  of  Disease  through  long-range 
systems  of  sanitation,  of  hospitals  and  sanatoriums,  of 
good  homes,  pure  food  and  water,  a  chance  for  play 
out-of-doors;  Prevention  of  Crime  through  fair  laws, 
►  juvenile  courts,  real  reformatories,  indeterminate  sen- 
tence, segregation,  discipline  and  probation;  Preven- 
tion of  Inefficiency,  both  industrial  and  civic,  through 
practice  in  democracy,  restriction  of  child  labor,  fair 
hours,  fair  wages,  enough  leisure  for  reading  and  recrea- 
tion, compulsory  school  laws  and  schools  that  fit  for 
life  and  labor,  for  the  earning  of  income  and  for  rational 
spending. 


EDWARD   T.   DEVINE EDITOR 

GRAHAM    TAYLOR  -  ASSOCIATE    EDITOR 


"SST     *2.22  YEARLY     '"-Sf" 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO 


/ 1 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  50  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.00  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


DEC  21  1944 


iSJsnSWW 


29Mar'56LM 


ffifrR  8  6  195881 
1  Jun'56PW 


■^ 1—— 


MIX 


>"""       K'.r   ■■'-' 


LOAN 


ONE  MONTH  Af 


NON-RENEWABLE 


FEB  8    1965 


LD  21-100rw-12, '43  (8796s) 


YD075367 

U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARIES 


CDEDflaSB^M 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


